Recently, the use of camel milk has increased as a new and alternative animal protein source for human consumption. However, there are some differences in the composition of camel milk compared with other kind of milk sources. One of these differences is that camel milk contains in high concentrations of antimicrobial agents such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase and immunoglobulins. In many studies, it was reported that camel milk is not suitable for production of fermented milk especially for yoghurt due to the high concentration of antimicrobial substances. The aim of this study, to investigate suitability of the mixture of camel milk with different ratio of cow, sheep and goat milk for yoghurt production. After preparing of milk mixtures heat treated at 90°C for 15 minutes the mixtures were cooled to 45°C. The starter culture (YC 350) was added and incubated at 42°C until the pH reached 4.7. During fermentation every hour the pH, SH and viscosity were measured. According to the results of analysis in which the highest viscosity and the fastest pH drop, mixtures were chosen as optimum points for yoghurt production. In these optimum points yoghurt production were performed and all of the samples were stored for 1., 7., 14. and 28. days at 4°C. During the storage, water holding capacity and syneresis analyses were conducted. According to the results, the optimum mixture was determined at 80% :20%cow milk:camel milk mixture. However, after 4 weeks of storage it was concluded that an increase in the syneresis and a decrease in water holding capacity (%) were found for yoghurt obtained from 80% :20:% cow-camel milk mixture.

Sahlep powder is obtained by drying and grinding after the plant tubers of the Orchidaceae family removed from the soil. Sahlep powder, which is unique to Turkey, is used in Maras ice cream, sahlep beverage and medicine production. There is a growing interest in healthy nutrition in the world. This increasing is increased the demand for functional food. Whey proteins are increasingly used in foods in recent years due to the functional compounds they contain. In this study, it was tried to increase the functional properties of sahlep using Whey proteins. For this purpose, different Sahlep powder was prepared by using Whey protein concentrate (WPC 35%), demineralized whey protein powder, milk powder, sahlep, sugar, starch, cinnamon and ginger. The different Sahlep produced were made into sahlep beverage with water and pH, viscosity and sensory analysis were made. As a result of the analyzes made, the use of Whey proteins statistically affected the viscosity value of the sahlep beverage. It was determined that the use of different whey proteins affected the color, taste and smell values of Sahlep. As a result of the sensory evaluation performed by the panelists, sahlep beverage produced in 25% whey protein concentrate (WPC 35%) + 75% milk powder mixture was preferred. It is may be suggested to produce sahlep powder and sahlep beverage by using 25% whey protein concentrate (WPC 35%) + 75% milk powder mixture.

This study aims to produce a low-calorie ice cream with a higher nutritional value using red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.). Four kinds of ice cream containing 5%, 10 % and 15% sucrose and single red beetroot (RB) ratio 15% and control (15% sucrose+ RB free) encoded as RB5, RB10, RB15 and C were produced respectively. The addition of RB increased pH and decreased the acidity (LA) and dry matter contents compared to control. Ash content was decreased depending on the sucrose ratio. While the lowest overrun value was determined in the RB10 sample (23.08%), the highest was in sample C (39.18%). The increasing of sucrose ratio generally increased the first dropping time and decreased the total melting time. The addition of sucrose reduced the viscosity and the highest viscosity values were observed in the sample RB5. While the lowest total phenolic content (TPC) was observed in the control sample (329.69 GAE mg/kg), the highest TPC was found in the RB5 sample (558.55 GAE mg/kg). Also, the lowest DPPH value was determined in the control sample (13.66% inhibition), the highest DPPH value was determined in the RB10 sample (27.98% inhibition). While fructose and glucose values decreased, sucrose values increased in the ice cream samples depending on the increasing of sucrose ratio.

Recently, the use of camel milk has increased as a new and alternative animal protein source for human consumption. However, there are some differences in the composition of camel milk compared with other kind of milk sources. One of these differences is that camel milk contains in high concentrations of antimicrobial agents such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase and immunoglobulins. In many studies, it was reported that camel milk is not suitable for production of fermented milk especially for yoghurt due to the high concentration of antimicrobial substances. The aim of this study, to investigate suitability of the mixture of camel milk with different ratio of cow, sheep and goat milk for yoghurt production. After preparing of milk mixtures heat treated at 90°C for 15 minutes the mixtures were cooled to 45°C. The starter culture (YC 350) was added and incubated at 42°C until the pH reached 4.7. During fermentation every hour the pH, SH and viscosity were measured. According to the results of analysis in which the highest viscosity and the fastest pH drop, mixtures were chosen as optimum points for yoghurt production. In these optimum points yoghurt production were performed and all of the samples were stored for 1., 7., 14. and 28. days at 4°C. During the storage, water holding capacity and syneresis analyses were conducted. According to the results, the optimum mixture was determined at 80% :20%cow milk:camel milk mixture. However, after 4 weeks of storage it was concluded that an increase in the syneresis and a decrease in water holding capacity (%) were found for yoghurt obtained from 80% :20:% cow-camel milk mixture.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the possibilities of technological production of camel milk yoghurt. First of all, denaturation of antimicrobial substances in camel milk by heat treatment and their effects on pH decrease and on the viscosity were analysed. Although the pH decrease was present, the viscosity of camel milk didn’t change. In the study, two different heat treatments (20 min at 90°C and 20 min at 95°C) were applied to camel milk and pH and SH (Soxhelet Henkel) values were determined until pH reached 4.7 during fermentation. After culture addition the pH drop was at 90°C for 20 minutes heat-treated camel milk slower than the camel milk heated at 95°C for 20 minutes. Similarly, the increase in SH in the cultured milk treated at 90°C for 20 minutes was slower than the increase in SH in the cultured milk treated at 95°C for 20 minutes. In the next study, viscosity and pH changes in yoghurt produced from cow and camel milk were compared. For this purpose, both milks were heat treated at 80°C for 20 minutes. After 180 minutes in cow’s milk, the viscosity was 9891 mPa.s, and after 210 minutes it reached 25237 mPa.s. In contrast, the viscosity in cultured camel milk was determined as 1210 mPa.s after 90 minutes, while the viscosity remained around 1216 mPa.s after 380 minutes. In the next study, for the production of yogurt from cow milk and camel milk were performed. Both milks were heat treated at 80°C for 20 minutes and changes in viscosity and drop of pH during fermentation were analysed. After the 180 minutes of fermentation in cow’s milk the viscosity came to 9891 mPa.s, after 210 minutes it was 25237 mPa.s. In contrast, after 90 minutes in the cultured camel milk, the viscosity was 1210 mPa.s, while after 380 minutes the viscosity reached to 1216 mPa.s. E. coli, L. bulgaricus and Listeria innocua were used to determine the antimicrobial effect of raw camel milk, cow milk, heat treated camel and cow milk camel colostrum. While camel milk and colostrum had inhibitory effect on E. coli, L. bulgaricus, Listeria innocua was not inhibited

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the possibilities of technological production of camel milk yoghurt. First of all, denaturation of antimicrobial substances in camel milk by heat treatment and their effects on pH decrease and on the viscosity were analysed. Although the pH decrease was present, the viscosity of camel milk didn’t change. In the study, two different heat treatments (20 min at 90°C and 20 min at 95°C) were applied to camel milk and pH and SH (Soxhelet Henkel) values were determined until pH reached 4.7 during fermentation. After culture addition the pH drop was at 90°C for 20 minutes heat-treated camel milk slower than the camel milk heated at 95°C for 20 minutes. Similarly, the increase in SH in the cultured milk treated at 90°C for 20 minutes was slower than the increase in SH in the cultured milk treated at 95°C for 20 minutes. In the next study, viscosity and pH changes in yoghurt produced from cow and camel milk were compared. For this purpose, both milks were heat treated at 80°C for 20 minutes. After 180 minutes in cow’s milk, the viscosity was 9891 mPa.s, and after 210 minutes it reached 25237 mPa.s. In contrast, the viscosity in cultured camel milk was determined as 1210 mPa.s after 90 minutes, while the viscosity remained around 1216 mPa.s after 380 minutes. In the next study, for the production of yogurt from cow milk and camel milk were performed. Both milks were heat treated at 80°C for 20 minutes and changes in viscosity and drop of pH during fermentation were analysed. After the 180 minutes of fermentation in cow’s milk the viscosity came to 9891 mPa.s, after 210 minutes it was 25237 mPa.s. In contrast, after 90 minutes in the cultured camel milk, the viscosity was 1210 mPa.s, while after 380 minutes the viscosity reached to 1216 mPa.s. E. coli, L. bulgaricus and Listeria innocua were used to determine the antimicrobial effect of raw camel milk, cow milk, heat treated camel and cow milk camel colostrum. While camel milk and colostrum had inhibitory effect on E. coli, L. bulgaricus, Listeria innocua was not inhibited