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Effects of Different Pruning Systems on Fruit Yield and Quality in Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) Texto completo
2019
Burhanettin İmrak | Ali Küden | Ayzin B. Küden | Abdulkadir Sarıer
This study was established at the experimental field of Horticulture Department of Çukurova University in Adana, Turkey during 2013-2015 harvest period two consecutive years. Two plum cultivars (‘Black Diamond’, ‘Angeleno’) and Friar as pollinizer grafted on Myrobolan rootstock were used as plant material. Trees produced commercially good yield in 2014, at the fourth growing season. The aim of this study was to compare four different pruning systems (spindle, 4 leader- Quad-V, central leader and open vase) and six different planting distances (0.8-1-1.2-1.6-2- 4 m and standard inter rows 4 m) for yield (ton ha-1) on several fruit quality variables such as (fruit weight, firmness, fruit flesh/seed weight, TSS, TA). Morphological and phenological characters were observed and chilling accumulation of the study area was determined. Sufficient chilling accumulation was calculated in both years regarding fruit crop load. The best results for quality characteristics were obtained from Spindel (1.2x4 m) high density pruning system for both cultivars. Also, ‘‘Black Diamond’’ cultivar on Spindel (1.2 m) gave the highest fruit weight (110.4 g) and yield (62.27 ton ha-1).
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Melezleme Islahı ile Elde Edilen Çilek F1 Populasyonu ve Ebeveynlerinde Bazı Meyve Kalite Kriterlerinin Belirlenmesi Texto completo
2019
Sinem Öztürk Erdem | Çetin Çekiç | Onur Saraçoğlu
Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı çileğinin ana ebeveyn, yerel (Karaçilek, Tüylü, Deli) ve standart (Kabarla, Sweet Ann ve Sweet Charlie) çilek çeşitlerinin tozlayıcı olarak kullanıldığı ıslah çalışması sonucu seçilen elli iki adet F1 genotipi ve ana ebeveynleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen meyvelerde suda çözünebilir kuru madde miktarı (%), pH, titre edilebilir asitlik (TA) (%), toplam kuru madde miktarı (%), kül tayini, askorbik asit içeriği (mg/100g) ve toplam fenol miktarı (µg GAE/g ta) belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde SÇKM değerlerinin %5,80 ile %14,60; pH değerinin 2,69-3,90; titre edilebilir asit miktarının %0,58-1,79 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Askorbik asit en yüksek DB-119 genotipinde 55,61 mg/100g bulunurken, en yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarı DC-42 genotipinde 3887,07µg GAE/g ta bulunmuştur. Meyve yapısının genetik faktörlerden etkilendiği ancak çevre koşularının etkileşimi ile meyve yapısında değişiklik olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda belirlenen kriterler incelendiğinde melez bireylerin ana ebeveynlerine yakın değer aralığında olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Nutritional and Antioxidant Variability of Some Wild and Cultivated Edible Mushrooms from Kastamonu Rural Areas Texto completo
2019
Nezahat Turfan | Sezgin Ayan | Şeyma Selin Akın | Enes Akın
In this study, variation of some chemical components such as anthocyanin, β-carotene, lycopene, phenolic, nitrate, soluble protein, proline, glucose, sucrose and total carbohydrate level ad PAL activity in some wild and cultivated edible mushrooms was examined. For this, four different mushroom species (Agaricus campestris L., Cantharellus cibarius Fr., Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers., Lactarius piperatus L. Pers) were supplied from local market, named Kuzeykent Semt Bazaar, in Kastamonu province of Turkey. Mushroom samples were collected from Araç, Daday, Devrekani and Tosya locations of Kastamonu. According to findings, the highest anthocyanin value and PAL activity were obtained from A. campestris collected from Arac location with 0.107 mg g-1 and 6.99 EU, respectively. The amount of β-carotene (2.297 mg g-1) and lycopene (0.644 mg g-1) was the highest in C. cibarius collected from Tosya location, however; proline, soluble protein, nitrate and glucose level were the maximum in A. campestris collected from Devrekani location with 149.61 µmol g-1, 55.49 mg, 159.963 mg g-1 and 29.36 µg g-1, respectively. While total carbohydrate was the highest in H. erinaceus collected from Araç location with 80.97 µg g-1, sucrose concentration was the maximum with 39.22 mg g-1 in H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. As a result, A. campestris collected from Devrekani location exhibited the highest nutrient in terms of chemicals analysed except anthocyanin and it was followed by H. erinaceus collected from Daday location. However, C. cibarius and H. erinaceus collected from Araç location had lower chemical components. It can be said that these mushroom species are valuable and important as major food sources and non-wood products for Kastamonu province.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Çiftçilerin Ürün Desenlerine Karar Vermelerini Etkileyen Faktörler: Samsun İli Bafra İlçesi Sebze Yetiştiricileri Örneği Texto completo
2019
Nur İlkay Abacı | Kürşat Demiryürek
Çiftçilerin tarım sektörünün doğal yapısından kaynaklanan birçok unsuru dikkate alarak çeşitli ürünler arasından kendilerine en uygun olanını nasıl seçtikleri ve üretimine nasıl karar verdiklerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Samsun ili Bafra ilçesindeki sebze yetiştiricilerinin ürün desenlerine karar verirken etkilendikleri faktörleri belirlemektir. Bu amaca ulaşmak için basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 122 çiftçi ile anket yapılmıştır. Çiftçilerin ürün desenlerine karar verirken etkilendikleri faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla, incelenen literatürden yararlanılarak ve araştırmacı tarafından yapılan pilot çalışmalardan hareketle sosyal ve kişisel, ekonomik, fiziksel ve iklim koşullarından kaynaklı faktörleri içine alan 67 madde tespit edilmiştir. Çiftçilerin düşüncelerini yansıtan ifadeler Likert tipi beşli bir ölçeklendirmeye göre puanlanmıştır. Araştırmada istatistiksel işlemler sırasına göre iç tutarlılık katsayılarının belirlenmesi, açıklayıcı faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir ve bulgular sunulmuştur. Açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda toplam varyansın %57,74’ünü açıklayan; ürün özellikleri, fiziksel özellikler, işletme özellikleri, doğal faktörler, sulama özellikleri ve işgücü özellikleri olarak altı faktör grubu ortaya çıkmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarından elde edilen bulgulara göre çiftçilerin ürün desenlerini planlarken etkilendikleri en önemli faktör ürün özelliği ile ilişkilidir. Ancak, çiftçiler üretecekleri ürünlere karar verirken sadece ürün özelliklerinden değil aynı zamanda ellerinde olmayan farklı koşullardan etkilenmektedirler. Dolayısıyla çiftçilerin kararlarını etkileyen faktörler arasında davranış özelliklerinin de dikkate alınması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The Using of Antimicrobial Peptides in Broiler Feeding Texto completo
2019
Mehmet Akif Özcan | Levent Gülüm | Mustafa Midilli | Muhammet Gören
It is well known that alternative food additives are being researched following the prohibition of the addition of antibiotics to poultry feed as growth factors. Recently, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as alternatives to antibiotics. AMPs, produced by bacteria, insects, amphibians and mammals, as well as by chemical synthesis. In particular, their natural antimicrobial properties and their low tendency to create resistance in micro-organisms suggest that they might be a good alternative to antibiotics. They are not only effective against bacteria, but are also known to be effective against fungi and viruses. In studies on pigs and broiler chickens, they have been shown to be beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, the immune system, intestinal morphology and gut microbiota. Antimicrobial peptides are small biological molecules formed from 12-60 amino acids. AMPs have been reported to kill bacteria, in particular those showing resistance to multiple antibiotics. AMPs block the development of harmful bacteria while encouraging the growth of beneficial bacteria. For instance, it has been reported that sublancin reduces the Clostridium perfringens count while increasing the numbers of Lactobacilli. Furthermore, they have been proved to have a strong effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some of the AMPs used in broiler chicken feeding are sublancin, secropin, magainin, nisin and defensin. These peptides can be used by adding them to feed or to drinking water. This review has attempted to find an answer to the question of whether AMPs added to the feed of broiler chickens can be an alternative to antibiotics by examining previous studies.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Some Special Properties of Fermented Products with Cabbage Origin: Pickled Cabbage, Sauerkraut and Kimchi Texto completo
2019
Ceren Özer | Hatice Kalkan Yıldırım
Some Special Properties of Fermented Products with Cabbage Origin: Pickled Cabbage, Sauerkraut and Kimchi Texto completo
2019
Ceren Özer | Hatice Kalkan Yıldırım
Consumption of fermented products rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity and anti-carcinogenic compounds is growing into a key strategy to fortify antioxidant defense system. Cabbage products produced by lactic-acid fermentation are chosen via their special microbiota. Considering these special medical properties of fermented-cabbage products as pickled cabbage, sauerkraut and kimchi were produced and evaluated. The data demonstrated that pickled cabbage (109.89±4.74 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) and its brine (208.14±17.29 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) exhibited the highest vitamin C content, followed by kimchi (77.42±2.87 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.). The highest total phenolic content was detected in kimchi and sauerkraut with 869.64±70.16 and 438.257±25.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight (f.w.), respectively. 50% of the scavenging effect (EC50) values of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) in kimchi 14.6 mg/ml, followed by sauerkraut (15.52 mg/ml) and pickled cabbage (18.88 mg/ml). Results demonstrated that fermented cabbage products have a great potential with content of bioactive compounds, high antioxidant features promising high beneficial impacts.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Caracterización de los ácidos húmicos extraídos de cuatro lombricompuestos y su efecto sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz Zea mays L., algodón Gossypium hirsutum y tomate Lycopersicon esculentum L. Texto completo
1996
Carrillo, Milena Carmen | Gómez Zambrano, Jairo | Miranda V., José Carlos
The work perfomed to characterize the elemental composition and functional groups of humic acids extracted from four lombricompost cow dung, filter press cake of sugar cane, coffee pulp and grass residue the total content of essential elements and its distribution in the humic and no humic fractions were determined. It was evalued the effect of two concentrations of humic acids (150 and 300 ppm) upon seed germination of maize, cotton and tomat. There were found differences in the elemental composition (CHON) and functional groups (COOH, OH phedic and carbony) of the humic acids atributed to variations in composition of the original substrates. The lombricompost of cow dung showed higher oxidation values (O/H = 0.49) than the lombricompost of filter press cake of sugar cane (0.40) sugering a higher grade of humification of the first. The grass residue showed higher contribution to the CIC (COOH + OH = 9. O me/g) than the coffe pulp (7. 1 me/g) the total essential elements were concentrated in the remanent residue, with lower content in the water and 0.1M HCL solutions; the fulvic and humic fractions had very low content of these elements. The humic acid at the concentrations tested did not have any effect on the germination of maize and cotton, and depressed the germination of tomato seeds. | El trabajo se realizó con el fin de caracterizar por su composición elemental y contenido de grupos funcionales, los acidos húmicos extraídos de cuatro lombricompuestos (bovinaza, cachaza, pulpa de café y residuo de prado). Se determinó el contenido y distribución de los elementos esenciales totales en las fracciones húmicas y no de acidos húmicas. Se evaluó el efecto de dos concentraciones de acidos húmicos (150 y 300 ppm) sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz, algodón y tomate. Se encontraron diferencias en el contenido elemental (CHON) y grupos funcionales (COOH, OH fenólico y carbonilo) atribuido a variaciones en la composición de los materiales de origen. La bovinaza (O/H = 0.49) mostró mayor oxidación que la cachaza (0.40) sugiriendo mayor grado de humificación de la primera. El residuo de prado mostró la mayor contribución a la CIC (COOH + OH = 9. O m.e/g) y la pulpa de café la menor (7.1 m.e/g). Los elementos esenciales totales se distribuyeron con preferencia en el residuo remanente y en las fracciones solubles en agua y HCL 0.1M, con muy bajos contenidos en los fulvatos yacidos húmicos. No se encontró respuesta a la acción de los acidos húmicos sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz y algodón y se produjo efectos depresivos en los de tomate.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]An Investigation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.), Mint (Mentha piperita), Thyme (Thyme serpyllum) and Chenopodium album L. Plants from Yaylacık Plateau, Giresun, Turkey Texto completo
2019
Duygu Balpetek Külcü | Cavidan Demir Gökışık | Sinem Aydın
An Investigation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.), Mint (Mentha piperita), Thyme (Thyme serpyllum) and Chenopodium album L. Plants from Yaylacık Plateau, Giresun, Turkey Texto completo
2019
Duygu Balpetek Külcü | Cavidan Demir Gökışık | Sinem Aydın
Ethanol, chloroform and hexane extracts from plants namely Urtica dioica L., Mentha piperita, Thyme serpyllum and Chenopodium album L. were evaluated for their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial efficiencies. The antioxidant activities were screened utilizing DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity, CUPRAC activity and total antioxidant capacity. Antibacterial activity of the tested extracts was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. U. dioica and C. album extracts showed varying activities against the test bacteria. The hexane extracts of T. serpyllum and C. album showed the weakest copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) activity. 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity of the solvents are increased in the following order: Ethanol>Chloroform>Hexane. Our results revealed that all of the tested plants might be an alternative to synthetic antioxidant and antibacterial agents.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Identification of new sources of resistance to RHBV- rice hoja blanca virus | Identificación de nuevas fuentes de resistencia al virus hoja blanca en arroz-VHBA Texto completo
2018
Cruz-Gallego, Maribel | Rebolledo, Maria Camila | Cuasquer, Juan B. | Cruz-Galvis, Daniel Felipe | Peña-Fernández, Alexandra Lorena | Quintero, Constanza | Silva-Córdoba, Elkin Alexander | Álvarez-V, María Fernanda | Jojoa-Cruz, Sebastián | Lorieux, Mathias | Stuart, Jeffrey J | Correa-Victoria, Fernando José
With the aim to find new sources of resistance to rice hoja blanca (white leaf) disease, transmitted by the insect Tagosodes orizicolus, 660 genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Seven resistant genotypes were identified, and genomic studies were performed to demonstrate that the resistance in these sources is genetically different from that of Fedearroz 2000, which is currently the variety with the most resistance to hoja blanca. These new resistance sources constitute a resource that can be used to sustainably extend hoja blanca disease management throughout all of the rice-growing regions of tropical America. This is the first report of hoja blanca resistance in indica rice and different from that of Fedearroz 2000. | Con el objetivo de encontrar nuevas fuentes de resistencia a la enfermedad de la hoja blanca del arroz, transmitida por el insecto Tagosodes orizicolus, se evaluaron 660 genotipos en condiciones de invernadero y campo. Se identificaron siete genotipos con resistencia a la enfermedad y se realizaron estudios del genoma para evidenciar que eran genéticamente diferentes a Fedearroz 2000, la variedad de mejor comportamiento ante el virus, en el momento. Estas nuevas fuentes de resistencia constituyen un recurso que puede utilizarse para extender un manejo sostenible de la enfermedad, en todas las regiones productoras de arroz en América tropical. Este es el primer reporte de fuentes de resistencia, tipo indica, diferentes a Fedearroz 2000.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The Role of Novel Pasteurization Approaches on Altering Functional Properties of Egg Proteins Texto completo
2019
Hülya Serpil Kavuşan | Meltem Serdaroğlu
Eggs are important components of the human diet due to their low cost, high protein content and protein related technological features. High digestibility of egg proteins makes it possible to consume alone in the assay of nutritive values. Binding, emulsifying, foaming, gelling, and thickening properties of egg proteins provide an opportunity to use egg in various food products as an ingredient. Therefore, the consumption of egg is increasing with each passing day, however, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimirum infections have been reported to be egg-born. These serious infections are originated from direct consumption of eggs or unpasteurized food products in which the egg yolk/albumen is added to the formulations such as mayonnaise, salad dressings or merengues. In order to prevent these infections, aforementioned microorganisms must be eliminated from the environment by pasteurization. Commercial pasteurization process is applied with hot water or vapor. Commercial processes include high temperature/short time or low temperature/long-time pasteurization. Although heat treatment is considered the most reliable method in terms of microbiological safety, high temperature and/or long time applications may have adverse effects on functional and nutritional properties of egg proteins. To ensure the microbiological safety of products without sacrificing technological or nutritional properties, researches have been centered upon innovative techniques such as irradiation, pulsed electric field, high hydrostatic pressure, and radiofrequency applications. This review is aimed to bring out the amendments occurred in the egg protein structures in consequence of aforementioned pasteurization methods.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Variation in Chemical Constituents of Siyez Wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) in Response to Some Abiotic Stress Factors Texto completo
2019
Nezahat Turfan | Temel Sarıyıldız | Ekrem Mutlu
Variation in Chemical Constituents of Siyez Wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) in Response to Some Abiotic Stress Factors Texto completo
2019
Nezahat Turfan | Temel Sarıyıldız | Ekrem Mutlu
Main aim of this study was to determine the effects of different salt contents (75 mM, 150 mM and 225 mM NaCl), heavy metal (0.2 mg/L FeCl3, NiCl2, ZnCl2), lime (2 mg/L CaCO3), drought (50%) and pollution (0.2 mg/L dust of factories) on photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, the ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Siyez wheat (Triticum monococcum L.). All experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions with 16 hour-day and 8 hour-night photoperiod in an incubator at 23 ± 1°C. Results showed that mean chlorophyll-a concentration was highest in the siyez seedlings treated with the pollution, while both mean chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll concentrations were highest with 75 mM salt application. Mean total carotenoid was, however, highest with the drought treatment and mean relative water content was highest with NiCl2 application. Mean MDA and H2O2 contents were found to be highest in the siyez seedlings treated with 225 mM salt, whereas they were lowest with NiCl2 treatment. Mean proline content was highest with the NiCl2 treatment compared to the lowest concentration in the control siyez seedlings (82 µmol/g). Mean APX, CAT and GPOX activities were noted to be highest in the siyez seedlings treated with NiCl2. In general, the siyez seedlings showed high tolerance to the pollution, NiCl2 and drought with having highest photosynthetic pigments, proline, protein content and enzymes activities. Among all treatments, 225 mM NaCl and CaCO3 negatively influenced chemical compounds of the siyez seedling. When all data are taken into consideration, it can be said that higher photosynthetic pigments, proline contents, antioxidant enzymes activities and lower MDA and H2O2 levels play an important role in the resistance of siyez seedlings against abiotic stress conditions.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Issues of Country of Origin, Market Incentives, and Recycling in Opinions of Passive Solar Collector Owners Texto completo
Klepacka, Anna M. | Florkowski, Wojciech J. | Wójcik, Katarzyna
Thermal solar panel installation has been growing in Poland in response to the EU policies and available subsidies. This paper investigates the attitudes of residents of four counties in Mazowieckie Voividship in Poland about the origin of solar panels. Results show that rural residents did not attach importance to awarding preferences to domestic solar panel producers or to foreign producers in exchange of trade benefits. The recycling of used solar panels concerned a relatively small portion of respondents and seems to justify the passage of regulations obligating the solar panel industry to recycle the used panels.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Isparta Ekolojik Koşullarında Farklı Silajlık Mısır Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Bazı Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi Texto completo
2019
Mehmet Alagöz | Mevlüt Türk
Bu araştırma, farklı silajlık mısır çeşitlerinin verim ve bazı özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla 2018 yılında Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Eğitim, Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği’nde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada materyal olarak 6 silajlık mısır çeşidi (DKC721, Hido, Kilowat, Kolosseus, LG30709 ve PNR31143) kullanılmıştır. Denemeler, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada yeşil ot verimi, bitki boyu, sap, yaprak ve koçan oranları, yaprak sayısı, koçan uzunluğu ve koçan çapı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre çeşitler arasında yeşil ot verimi, bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, koçan boyu ve koçan çapı değerleri bakımından %1 düzeyinde, koçan oranı bakımından ise %5 düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar bulunurken, sap ve yaprak oranları açısından çeşitler arasında gözlemlenen farklılıkların istatistiksel olarak önemsiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. İncelenen özellikler bakımından, yeşil ot verimi 8624,9-10681,0 kg/da, bitki boyu 234,3-294,3 cm, yaprak sayısı 13,0-15,2 adet/bitki, koçan uzunluğu 20,7-26,0 cm ve koçan çapı 46,5-55,6 mm arasında değişmiştir. Özellikle verim ve sap, yaprak ve koçan oranları açısından Hido çeşidi öne çıkarken bunu Kolosseus ve LG30709 çeşitlerinin takip ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. DKC721 çeşidinin ise incelenen özellikler bakımından geride kaldığı söylenebilir.
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