Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient analysis, path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence between yield and its contributing traits were estimated using fifteen (15) different chilli genotypes in northern region of Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to screen out suitable parents for next hybridization program. The phenotypic coefficient of variations was found slightly higher than the genotypic coefficient of variations for all characters studied, indicating that the apparent variation is not only genetic but also influenced by the growing environment in the expression of the traits. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed in length of fruit (27.27% and 27.81%). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean in fruit yield per plant (71.23 and 39.38), number of fruits per plant (71.26 and 31.18), weight of individual fruit (88.52 and 43.80), length of fruit (96.13 and 70.59) and diameter of fruit (79.58 and 35.79) suggested that these characters would be considered for varietal selection. The correlation studies revealed that fruit yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with plant height (0.369), number of fruits per plant (0.587), weight of individual fruit (0.634) and length of fruit (0.450) which can be considered for selection of a good variety. Path analysis revealed weight of individual fruit (0.293), plant height (0.205), number of branches per plant (0.186), length of fruit (0.164), number of fruits per plant (0.132) and diameter of fruit (0.078) had direct positive effect on yield per plant, indicating these traits are the main contributors to fruit yield per plant. The divergence value for cluster analysis showed the highest inter-cluster distance between clusters II and IV which indicates that these genotypes may provide high heterosis in hybridization and expected to show wide variability in genetic architecture.

In this study, the seasonal changes on lipid content and fatty acid levels of Nemipterus randalli from the Mersin Bay have been determined. Total lipid levels were found as 3.17%, 2.12%, 0.63%, and 0.72% in spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons, respectively. The fatty acid composition of this species is composed of 30 fatty acids. Major fatty acids are palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) from saturated fatty acids (SFAs) oleic acid (C18:1n9c) and 11-docosenoic acid (ceteloic; C22:1n11) from monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20: 5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22: 6n3) from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The highest level of palmitic acid was detected in the winter season, and the palmitic acid level varied between 15.41% and 20.72% (77.79-433.30 mg/100g). The highest level of stearic acid was determined in the spring season, and its levels varied between 14.75% and 19.14%, and its levels were also determined as 77.95-483.91 mg/100g. Oleic acid from the monounsaturated fatty acids varied between 5.46% and 7.98%, and its levels were found to be 31.98-224.38 mg/100g. Ceteloic acid varied between 5.73% and 7.80%, and its levels were determined to be 33.01-161.11 mg/100g. The EPA levels from the polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 4.34 to 5.34%, and its levels were found to be 19.30-137.50 mg/100g. The highest levels of DHA were detected in autumn, its levels varied between 21.09% and 23.00%, and its levels have also been detected as 102.30-604.25 mg/100g. The highest levels of Σn3, Σn6 and Σn9 were found in the spring season. The levels of Σn3, Σn6 and Σn9 varied between 26.73-27.19% (122.89-751.59 mg/100g), 4.19-4.79% (18.63-134.68 mg/100g) and 5.95-9.79% (35.22-247.15 mg/100g), respectively. AI and TI values in N. randalli were found at 0.28-0.36% and 0.33-0.36%, respectively.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the quality characteristics of different dry beans (Önceler 98, Göynük 98, Yunus 90, Topçu, Aras 98, Alberto, Bermaz, Noyanbey 98, Akman 98, Göksün, Karacaşehir 98) cultivars. The research, which was planned to be 20 plants per square meter and 4 repetitions, was conducted in Eastern Anatolia (Elazig) between May and September in 2017. The grain number per plant, grain weight per the plant, 100 grain weight, protein, starch and oil ratios of bean varieties were examined. At the end of the study, the number of grains per plant, grain weight of plant, 100 grain weight, protein, starch and fat ratio of beans varieties was between 25.45-159.85 piece, 19.00-51.15 g, 21.18-49.62 g, 24.65-28.24%, 40.80-46.31% 1.02-1.77% respectively. The highest values were determined for protein ratio (%) on Noyan Bey 98 cultivar and for grain weight of plant, starch ratio, fat ratio (%) on Göynük 98 cultivar among bean varieties.

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are among the important pests of forest in the world and in Turkey. Pine-feeding bark beetles interact chemically with their host tree via the behavioral, physiological, and biochemical effects of one class of monoterpenes. The half of oleoresin producing by trees such as pines, spruces, firs in the forests is the monoterpene. The monoterpenes occur in the oleoresin and function as behaviorally active kairomones for pine bark beetles and their predators, presenting a classic example of tritrophic chemical communication. The monoterpenes are aggregation pheromones for pine bark beetle. In the control of bark beetles, monoterpenes are used in traps. For example, the monoterpenes are an attractant for bark beetles. Also, Myrcene is used for a synergistic effect in the trap. Monoterpenes can toxic to insects. Limonene is among the most toxic monoterpenes to bark beetles. Also, the interaction is found between monoterpenes and prey of bark beetle. Monoterpenes are enhanced to respond of predatory to the pheromone of bark beetle.

Tobaccos produced in Turkey are grouped under different names according to the different environmental properties and various characteristics of the regions where they were grown. Lice tobacco is an important local tobacco variety cultivated under Lice-Hazro and Kulp districts conditions. In recent years, a large number of tobacco origin and village populations disappeared from production and faced the danger of extinction. Especially the Lice local tobacco variety has gained a very good adaptation ability against the stress factors of the region. Different environmental factors such as high altitude, stony areas and high temperature, low rainfall and low nitrogen soils have determined the important quality characteristics that distinguish Lice tobacco from other tobacco types. The short plant height and reverse conical plant shape in Lice Tobacco produced in Lice District and around of Diyarbakır draws attention firstly. In Lice tobacco, the number of leaves per plant is 15-17 pieces / plant, the ratio of the length of the leaves to the width (38 cm / 23 cm), the elliptical leaf blade, dark green leaves and plant color, early flowering, the petal color is pinkish red. It is a local variety with high cigarette yield, low nicotine ratio (1-2%), protein nitrogen ratio 1%, total reducing substance ratio 15%, and the highest alkaloid ratio. In this study, the plant and quality characteristics of the local Lice tobacco variety, which has a high degree of genetic diversity, were investigated in farmer conditions and the differences with other Eastern and Southeastern Anatolian tobacco varieties were tried to be revealed.

In the province of Tokat Turkey has an important place in terms of agricultural fertilizers and manure in order to demonstrate the environmentally conscious manufacturer 88 were interviewed. It was observed that the producers interviewed within the scope of the research are in the age range of active working age and have a socio-economic structure that makes a living from agricultural income. Factors such as age / education have a great impact on the economic structure as well as on production. Since income will be the biggest indicator of the economic structure, the income status of the producers has been investigated. Annual average agricultural income of producers is 22,311.36 TL, while non-agricultural income is calculated as 24,886.32 TL. Thus, it can be said that the average annual income of the producers is 47,197.68 TL. Here is what producers think about the residue after using the fertilizer; 48.86% of them thought that there would be manure residues and that it would have a negative impact on the environment, 43.18% of the manure would accumulate in the soil and underground water sources, 15.91% of the manure would be washed away in various ways, 11.36% had no idea about the manure residue and 6.82% that some fertilizers will leave residue in the soil. When the econometric relationship between the type of producer (the producer who only farms and works in non-agricultural insured work) and the idea that the fertilizer will accumulate in the soil and groundwater resources, it was determined that there is a significant and positive relationship. In other words, it can be said that producers have knowledge about the factors that cause environmental pollution. However, it continues to fertilize unconsciously without thinking that environmental pollution will harm them over time. This result once again highlights the importance of the training need.

Biocomfort conditions, which are related to climate parameters, are a factor that affect almost every aspect of people’s lives. Compatibility in terms of biocomfort also brings many advantages and disadvantages in areas where tourism activities are carried out. For this reason, it is of great importance to identify areas that are suitable and not suitable for biocomfort during the tourism season, especially in areas where tourism activities are carried out. In this study, with the help of GIS, it was aimed to determine the areas that are suitable and not suitable for biocomfort in the city of Samsun in June, July, August and September by using the summer temperature index (Summer Simmer Index = SSI). As a result of the study, it was determined that 1.41% of the province in June and 16.65% in September remained in the cold zone. Apart from this, it was determined that 11.58% of the province in June, 33.27% in July, 21.77% in August and 14.3% in September remained in the second generation, which is considered the most comfortable belt.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous Melatonin (100, 300 and 500 µM) and L-tryptophan (125, 250, 375 ppm) applications on some growth parameters of lettuce plants grown under salt stress. The study was carried out under semi-controlled greenhouse conditions in spring (March/April) season. The exogenous applications to lettuce plants were carried out two times as foliar spraying. Salt stress was generated by adding NaCl (0 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM) to irrigation water. The complete randomized design was used with three replications in this experiment. At the end of the study, it was found that the highest doses of exogenous applications had the highest effect on the parameters of the number of leaves, salinity necrosis, fresh leaf weight, fresh root weight, and total surface area of lettuce plants under 200 mM salinity condition. When the effects of the subtract on these values were compared, the effect of melatonin was found to be more pronounced. Leaf width, leaf length, and leaf surface temperature values were not affected by the external application. These values only changed depending on salt concentration. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the application of 500 µM melatonin significantly increased salt tolerance in lettuce plants. However, in order to reach a more general conclusion, the dose ranges and genotype/variety numbers should be increased.

This study was conducted at Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute in Eskisehir, in 2017-2019 growing seasons. In the study, responses of four winter wheat cultivars (Atay85, Hat 31, Yunus and Nacibey) to nitrogen fertilization under irrigation conditions were compared with vegetation indices based on spectral reflection and In- Season Estimates of Yield calculated from these indices. GreenSeekerTM (NTech Industries, Inc., Ukiah,CA) hand-held sensor was used for this purpose. The experimental layout were used 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 kg N/da nitrogen rates 2 factor factorial in randomized complete block design in the experiment. Vegetation indices (NDVI) were obtained at growth stages Zadoks2,4, Zadoks3,0, Zadoks3,1 and Zadoks3,2. Zadoks3,0 (stem elongation) was found to be the most realistic reading time. A comparison of the system with traditional farmer applications, based on the average of 3 experiment fields, the new system was shown to give similar yields with 2,8 kg/da less N in the spring (ZD3,0), showing its economically promising value. The sensor application is determined to be 2% more economically effective than farmer application. Economic nitrogen dose respectively Atay85, Hat 31, Yunus and Nacibey was determined as the nitrogen dose 12,6 kgN/da, 14,1 kgN/ da, 14,4 kg N/da and 17,9 kgN/da.

Dams are important sources particularly for energy production as well as drinking and irrigation water. In this study, dissolved metal concentrations in Değirmendere Dam water in Amasya province were determined by ICP-MS and the data were evaluated in terms of drinking/irrigation water. Mean value of each metal in samples collected from 5 different points of the reservoir is presented in µg L as follows; Ca (50943)> Mg (42212)> Na (31637)> K (3725)> Al (63.68)> Fe (43.30)> Zn (30.78)> Cu (5.79)> Mn (4.59)> Ni (2.97)> Cr (1.18)> Pb (1.14)> As (1.04)> Cd (0.69). These results did not exceed the drinking water limit values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Turkish Standards (TS 266). Water quality index (WQI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) values were calculated as 16.63-17.54-1.00, respectively. In terms of hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and cancer risk (CR), the water quality of the reservoir is not potentially dangerous for adults/children. Dam water is convenient for irrigation based on sodium absorption rate (SAR = 0.78) and sodium percentage (Na = 19.56%). However, magnesium hazard (MH = 57.70) value is above the limit value of 50 with reference to irrigation water.