Yerel geleneksel yemekler bölgelerin tarihsel, coğrafi ve kültürel özelliklerini yansıtırken, bireylerin yeme alışkanlıkları ise sosyal ve ekonomik yapıya dair ipuçları sunar. Günümüzde, küresel endüstriyel gıda üretimi ve dağıtımı karşısında geleneksel gıda üretimi ciddi bir rekabet gücü kaybı yaşamaktadır. Geleneksel tarımsal ürünlerin üreticisi olan çiftçiler, yok olma tehlikesiyle karşı karşıyadır. Bu durum hem geleneksel ürünlerin kaybı hem de yeme-içme kültürümüzün önemli bir kısmının yok olması anlamına gelmektedir. Avrupa Birliği (AB) bu kaybın önlenmesi ve sorunun tüm boyutları ile değerlendirilip çözümü için kısa adı TRUEFOOD olan büyük bir proje yürütmüştür. Bu proje kapsamında AB, geleneksel gıdaların küresel rekabet koşullarında korunmasını sağlarken, üretim süreçlerinin çağın gerektirdiği gıda güvenliği standartlarına uyumlu hâle getirilmesini hedeflemiştir. Türkiye’de ise bu sürece parelel olarak başlatılan ve yaklaşık 20 yıldır düzenlenen Geleneksel Gıdalar Sempozyumu (GGS) serisi ile geleneksel gıdalarımız kayıt altına alınmaya çalışılmaktadır. Ayrıca çeşitli kurumlar AB’de olduğu gibi Coğrafi İşaret (Cİ) tescilleri ile “geleneksel gıdaları” korumaya çalışmaktadır. GGS serisinde sunulan birçok makalede, geleneksel gıdaların sadece ham madde ve üretim teknolojilerinden ibaret olmadığı; bununla birlikte toplumsal kimlik ifadesi, dini ritüel, dayanışmayı teşvik eden bir olgu ve bireylerin hatıralarını yansıtan bir bütün olduğu görülmektedir. Serinin gelecek sempozyumlarında ise “geleneksel gıdalarımızın” kayıt altına alınmasında onların hikâyelerinin ve sosyolojik boyutlarının birlikte inceleneceği bir gelenek oluşturulmasının kültürümüzün devamlılığı açısından büyük yararlar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Plants need to accumalate heat to complete a particular or whole growth period. This accumalation depends on temperature thresholds above or below which plant growth ceases, and on air temperature. It can be speculated that more heat accumulation is available for plants due to rapid warming within three or four decades. This study presents more recent heat accumulation for plants, quantified using a useful index called growing degree day (GDD), for five locations (Söke, Kuşadası, Aydın, Sultanhisar and Nazilli) in Aydın, Türkiye, during the latest climatic normal period from 1991 to 2020. GDD values were calculated both in monthly basis from March through October, and in daily basis from March 1st to October 31st. Monthly GDD averages, as expected, showed a pattern that increased from March to July or August, then decreased thereafter till October. Range and standart deviation showed approximately an opposite pattern, suggesting higher uncertainity in relatively colder months. The results are expected to provide farmers or agricultural practitioners with the latest averages of GDD to predict plant growth and development.

Soil pH, governed by the relative concentrations of hydrogen () and hydroxyl () ions, is a key factor affecting the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soils. Most soils in Türkiye are alkaline due to calcareous parent material and climatic influences, which restricts the availability of essential nutrients to plants. Sulphur applications are widely employed to reduce soil pH and increase nutrient bioavailability. The use of Sulphur for the amelioration of alkaline soils will continue to be a crucial strategy for enhancing agricultural sustainability in the future. This study investigates the effects of different Sulphur sources on the pH of sandy and clay-loam texture soils. This study investigates the effects of different Sulphur sources on the pH of sandy and clay loam textured soils. The soil samples used in the research were taken from Pınarbaşı and Melikgazi districts of Kayseri province, and soil samples were taken from both regions from a depth of 30 cm and from 20 randomly determined different points. Sulphur applications were applied at rates of (0, 0.02, 0.04 g 100 g-1) (X: powdered Sulphur ) and (0, 0.044, 0.088 g 100 g-1) (Y: granular Sulphur ) based on weight for clay-loam and sandy textured soils, respectively. Samples taken on days 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 360 post-applications showed that the impact of Sulphur applications on soil pH change was significant across all treatments (p<0.01). The lowest pH measurement, 6.92, was observed in sandy textured soils with an application from granular Sulphur at 0.088 g 100 g-1. The pH change in clay-loam textured soils was found to range from 8.13 to 7.79, and in sandy textured soils from 7.69 to 6.92. These changes suggest that the acidifying effect of Sulphur oxidation on soil pH varies depending on the soil’s buffering capacity, particle size ratio, application rate, and incubation day. Consequently, the granular Sulphur was found to be more effective compared to the control and powdered Sulphur , and an application rate of 0.088 g 100 g-1 might be effective for both clay-loam and sandy soils. However, due to its lack of economic feasibility, 0.044 g dose or the doses from powdered Sulphur might be more appropriate.

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of Muscari armeniacum, a plant native to Türkiye, which is known for its bioactive compound content. Ethanol extracts of Muscari armeniacum were prepared and analyzed using a variety of bioanalytical methods to assess its potential health-promoting properties. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through Fe³⁺-Fe²⁺ reduction capacity, CUPRAC, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined, as these compounds are critical indicators of antioxidant potential. The antioxidant activity of Muscari armeniacum was compared with five standard antioxidants commonly used for benchmarking: BHA, α-tocopherol, BHT, trolox, and ascorbic acid. The extract demonstrated a high flavonoid content (23.24 µg QE/mg extract) and a significant amount of phenolics (14.38 µg GAE/mg extract), with the flavonoid content being particularly noteworthy. In addition to its antioxidant properties, the enzymatic activity assays revealed that the extract significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes, which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. The IC₅₀ values were determined to be 54.14 mg/mL (R² = 0.9695) for AChE and 58.73 mg/mL (R² = 0.9609) for BChE, indicating moderate enzyme inhibition. These results suggest that Muscari armeniacum could serve as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. Its potential applications in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases and neurodegenerative disorders make it a promising candidate for further pharmacological studies. This research underscores the importance of exploring native plants for their medicinal and therapeutic potential, contributing to the development of alternative treatments for challenging health conditions.

Population growth has increased demand and diversified use of Irish potato which have increased its demand. The crop has become a major source of food and income for many households across the world. However, despite the high potential of about 30 tonnes per hectare (ha), smallholder farmers in Kenya realize low Irish potato yields ranging from 4-8 tonnes per ha due to limited uptake of agricultural technologies. The low yields calls for a profound understanding of the factors influencing the uptake agricultural technologies. The study analyzed the effects of the adoption of agricultural technologies on Irish potato yield in Ol Kalou Sub County. The study considered chemical fertilizer, certified seeds, fungicides, and farm machinery as the four main agricultural technologies that that affect yield. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to obtain data from a study population of 21,942 smallholder Irish potato farmers in Ol Kalou Sub County. A multiple-stage sampling technique was employed to generate a sample size of 385 respondents who provided primary data. Data collected was analyzed using endogenous switching regression model using STATA version 17. The study found that the average treatment effect on treated (ATT) was 10.21 bags per acre. In addition, the Endogenous switching regression model showed that the expected yield for the adopter increased by 51.83%. Out of the four technologies, the use of chemical fertilizers had the highest effect of 37% on yield. The study concluded that the adoption of agricultural technologies increases the yield of Irish potatoes. The study recommends that national and county governments should develop policy regulations such as training and extension services, market access, price support and public-private partnerships encouraging farmers to uptake agricultural technologies. The study also recommends that both levels of government should subsidize agricultural technologies, hence reducing the cost of adoption.

This study was conducted in Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal in 2023 to investigate the effects of different pinching types and okra varieties on various growth and yield parameters. Treatments were arranged under a two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments includes two okra varieties (Arka Anamika and Parbati) and 4 pinching types (apical bud pinching (P1), ABP along with 1 leaf pinching (P2), and ABP along with 2 leaf pinching (P3) and control (P4)). Parbati has exhibited a higher plant height (80.78 cm) than Arka Anamika (72.35 cm). Similarly, the P4 pinching type resulted in the tallest plant (85.91 cm). The P1 pinching type demonstrated the highest number of primary branches (4.87), while the control plots had the lowest (3.00). Arka Anamika showed a higher leaf count (40.77) than Parbati (37.19). Notably, the P1 recorded the highest leaf count (43.41), followed by P2 (37.19), with the control plots showing the lowest leaf count (32.76). The findings reveal the significant impact of pinching treatments on yield. Pinching type P1 produced the highest yield of 15.45 mt/ha, whereas the control group yielded the lowest at 9.31 mt/ha, which was comparable to the yield observed for pinching type P3 at 10.83 mt ha-1. P1 also exhibited the highest number of pods per plant (15.90). Varieties and pinching methods exhibited notable interactions in average pod weight, diameter, and length. P1 displayed the widest pods (5.97 cm), whereas P2 had the longest (13.18 cm). Additionally, it can be noted that P3 yielded the heaviest pods at 16.16g when compared to P2, which yielded 14.09 g. Pinching treatments significantly influenced number of days to flowering, with P3 demonstrating the longest duration. Economic analysis was performed for evaluating technical efficiency, facilitating informed and sustainable decisions. Economically, P1 demonstrated superior performance, yielding a higher gross return of NPR 540,808.3, a net return of NPR 418,708.3, and a benefit-cost ratio of 4.43.

In this study, the fruits of Pyracantha coccinea, known for their ornamental and medicinal properties, were analysed to evaluate their antioxidant capacity, mineral content, and heavy metal concentrations. The antioxidant potential of Pyracantha coccinea was determined using DPPH, CUPRAC, and ABTS tests. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), and Gerthard Dumatherm techniques were used to determine the mineral and nutrient composition of the plant. As a result of the evaluation, calcium (0.25±0.02%), protein (4.29±0.47%), potassium (0.39±0.01%), magnesium (0.197±0.01%), sodium (0.08±0.01%), iron (0.012µg/g DW), aluminium (138±9.6 µg/g DW), cobalt (0.541±0.11 µg/g DW), chromium (0.422±0.05 µg/g DW), manganese (20±1.7 µg/g DW), zinc (43.9±4.6 µg/g DW), % DPPH (76.92±0.48) % ABTS value (77.52±0.39) and CUPRAC values (0.771±0.045 for 100ppm) were determined. In particular, the high levels of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) in the fruits exceed the thresholds considered safe for medicinal applications and suggest that the heavy metal content in plants for medicinal use should be critically evaluated within acceptable limits. This study aims to explore the nutritional value and safety of Pyracantha coccinea by examining its antioxidant properties, mineral content, and potential heavy metal contamination. The findings will help shed light on its potential benefits and risks, offering valuable insight for its use in health, nutrition, and environmental applications.

Bu çalışmanın amacı sulamalı buğday üretiminde, üretim girdilerinden kaynaklanan toplam sera gazı (GHG) emisyonlarının azaltılması da dahil olmak üzere, sulama yönetimi yoluyla buğday üretiminde enerji verimliliğini artırma ve çevresel etkiyi azaltma potansiyelini değerlendirmektir. Bu kapsamda gerekli olan üretim girdileri ve ürün verimine ilişkin veriler, 2018-2020 döneminde, Konya’da buğdayda tamamlayıcı sulama üzerine yürütülen tarla denemesinden elde edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda beş farklı sulama rejimi dikkate alınmış olup, bunlar: TTS, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde, 0-90 cm toprak katmanında eksilen nem miktarı kadar sulama; KTS-1, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde 90’ar mm su ile sulama; KTS-2, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde 70’er mm su ile sulama; KTS-3, buğdayın üç kritik gelişme döneminde 50’şer mm su ile sulama ve Y, yağışa dayalı konudur. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, en yüksek dane verimi (7918 kg ha- 1) ve enerji çıktısı (285857 MJ ha-1) TTS uygulamasında elde edilirken, en iyi enerji üretkenliği (0,935 kg MJ-1) ile enerji verimliliği oranı (12,46) ve en düşük çevre kirliliği (2272 kgCO2 eşd ha-1) KTS-3 rejimi altında gerçekleşmiştir. Çalışma kapsamındaki enerji verimliliği ve çevresel kirlilik analizi önemli bulgulara yol açmıştır. Konya gibi tarım arazisi çok, su kaynakları kısıtlı olan bölgelerde, birim alandan (1 ha) yüksek verimin elde edildiği tam sulama (TTS) yerine, aynı ürün miktarının KTS-2 altında 1,04 ha ve KTS-3 rejimi altında ise 1,09 ha’dan üretilebileceği görülmüştür. Bu yolla, ürün miktarında bir azalış olmadan, sulama suyunda %32,4 ile %49 arasında bir tasarruf sağlanırken, sera gazı emisyonu ise %10,3 ile %15,6 arasında azaltılabilecektir.

Çalışmada, Japon bıldırcınlarının (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) yemlerine farklı oranlarda kekik yağı ilavesinin yumurta kalite parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma, 6 haftalık yaşta 72 dişi Japon bıldırcını üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir ve bıldırcınlar kontrol, düşük kekik yağı (150 mg/kg) ve yüksek kekik yağı (300 mg/kg) gruplarına ayrılmıştır. Rasyona farklı oranlarda kekik yağı eklenmesinin bazı yumurta dış ve iç kalite parametreleri üzerine etkileri istatiksel olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) sonucundayumurta kabuk oranı, şekil indeksi ve sarı rengi gibi parametrelerin gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (P<0,05). Çalışmada elde edilen veriler, ANOVA sonrasında, Diskriminant analizi ile de incelenmiş ve grupların yumurta kalite parametreleri bakımından gruplanmaları belirlenmiştir. Diskriminant analizi sonucunda iki fonksiyon tanımlanmıştır. İlk fonksiyonda, düşük kekik grubunun diğer gruplardan belirgin bir şekilde ayrıldığı; özellikle kabuk ağırlığı ve pH bakımından farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. İkinci fonksiyonda ise kontrol ve yüksek kekik grupları arasında önemli ayrım tespit edilmiştir. Her iki fonksiyonda da ANOVA sonuçlarına benzer şekilde yumurta sarı rengi bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, kekik yağının 150 mg/kg dozunda yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmasının yumurta kalitesini olumlu yönde etkileyebileceğini, ancak bıldırcın rasyonuna 300 mg/kg kekik yağı ilavesinin olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabileceğini göstermektedir.

A hybrid camel Tülü (Bactrian male x Dromedary female F1) males are preferred in camel wrestling, which is a culture unique to Anatolia. In this study, changes of live weight (LW), daily weight gain (DWG), and body measurements (BMs) of Tülü calves in the first 6 months of age in a farm in Aydın province, Türkiye, were determined as well as developing equations to estimate LW from body measurements. Tülü calves average birth weight (BW) was 34.7±1.80 kg and reached 175.3±3.38 kg at the age of 6 months with a 0.768±0.03 kg DWG during this time. Although the monthly total weight gains and monthly DWG averages of the calves in the first 6 months were similar, the changes in monthly LW and BMs were statistically significant (P<0.01). Abdominal girth (AG) alone can be used to predict LW in the analysis performed to estimate LW from body measurements by stepwise regression (R²=95.62%). In conclusion, Tülü calves had relatively high growth rate in their first six months of age, and unlike other livestock species, instead of hearth girth (HG), AG that includes the hump can be used to estimate LW of Tülü calves.