In this study, commercial parents and synthetic parents which were developed from commercial maternal and paternal lines are compared. During the study, a total of 19654 animals, as being 8520 female, 1275 male chicks from commercial line (TK) and 8584 female, 1275 male chicks from synthetic line (SH), were used. Broiler experiment was conducted with a total of mixed-sex 2073 chicks, as being 1044 (3x348) chicks from TK group and 1029 (3x343) chicks from SH group. In 23 weeks growing period, female parents from TK and SH groups consumed 9.91 and 9.87 kg feed per animal, completed the process with 6.5% and 7.3% mortality and separation rate, 87% and 85% uniformity and lastly, 2846 and 2753g live weights at the end of 23 weeks, respectively. In the meantime, male parents with 9.5% and 10.8% mortality and separation rate consumed 11.1 and 11.3 kg feed per animal, respectively. Female parents from TK and SH groups reached 5% egg production efficiency at the ages of 26 and 25 weeks, and peak production at the ages of 35 and 32 weeks, respectively. At the age of 50 weeks, 5.7% and 6.0% mortality and separation rate, 84.5% and 83.8% peak egg production efficiency, 129.0 and 128.0 pcs of egg production, 116.8 and 118.5 pcs of incubating egg production, 62.5 and 60.0g of average incubating egg weight, 82.1% and 80.6% incubation yield were observed in the parents from TK and SH groups, respectively. Broiler chicks, with the weight of 39.7 and 37.7 g, obtained from TK and SH parents respectively reached the live weight of 2481 and 2375 g at the 42nd day consuming 4429 and 4372 g feed, respectively. In this broiler experiment, the feed conversion ratio was determined as 1.79 and 1.80 respectively. In the study, it was concluded, that new synthetic line obtained from commercial maternal and paternal lines can be used for broiler production.

With the effects of various human activities and global warming, pressures on plant species are increasing day by day, living species and living environments are adversely affected. In order to reduce and control these negative effects, a variety of regulatory ecological services are needed to provide both a nutrient environment for animals and to save and maintain their habitat. For this purpose, creating buffer zones at the borders of fence plants and farm areas can be used as a regional supporting mechanism. One of the most important criteria is to use plant species (from Legüminaceae families) which have high nutritional value for animals in farm buffer areas. The selected plants have many functions such as erosion prevention on sloping areas, nutrient retention, aesthetic area creation, flood prevention, odor control. They are the ones that constantly occupy the city's agenda with various environmental problems such as ensuring control of unwanted odors in farm areas and improving visual quality. In this study, it is aimed to determine the plant species that can be suggested to be used in a buffer zone which can be created in order to create aesthetic value in farm areas, to control odor problem and to contribute to studies to create nutrients and to protect ecology.

Husbandry has a special importance for people who live in rural areas in terms of agricultural income and profitability due to some contributions such as; providing cash flow throughout the year, product processing, balanced usage of labour force, and risk diversification. According to FAO data of 2017, Turkey’s ratio in the world’s total cattle existence was 0.99%, and it had a 2.78% ratio in total milk production. According to TSI data between 2004 and 2018; the number of total cattle reached 17.042.506 with a ratio increase of 4.62%, and the annual milk production amount reached 20.036.877 tons with a ratio increase of 7.23%. Within the period of time that is mentioned above, the contribution ratio of culture breed cattle in milk production reached 61.39% from 33.63%. However, in terms of milk cow productivity, Turkey is the 57th in the world. The cities of Konya, İzmir, Erzurum, Balıkesir, and Diyarbakır provide 21.74% of Turkey’s total milk cow existence, and 22.77% of the milk production total. In terms of agricultural subsidies which are provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, husbandry took a share of 25.79% from the 14.5 billion TL total agricultural subsidies in 2018. According to the research results, directly or indirectly, husbandry contributes to decreasing development level differences between regions, and it helps to improve enterprises’ income levels in rural areas.

Environmental pollution is defined as the disruption of normal ecological balance with emmision of various substances and energy residues as a result of human activities. Animal production is one of the major human activity that enables this emission to increase significantly. Although ruminants play an important role in the effects of animal production on environmental pollutant emissions, the effects of poultry production and broiler production are also worth considering. As in all livestock types, the main factor that has a direct impact on environmental pollutant emissions is feeding for this animal types too. High nutrient needs of broilers and production processes of feed containing these nutrients; greenhouse gas causes increased nitrogen and phosphorus emissions; consequently, they cause air, soil and water pollution to multiply. Changes in protein and amino acid levels or the use of certain feed additives in feeds affect the emission value of broiler production. In addition, the feeding methods also has an effect on these emission values. When these effects are taken into consideration, it is possible to reduce the emission values in broiler production. In this review, environmental effects of broiler nutrition examined in terms of feed production, nutrient emission by manure, presentation of feed and feed form.

Turkey has a great ornithological importance, due to its geographical location, topography, wide territory and different climatic types. From a biodiversity perspective, wetlands are one of the most important areas. Lake Seyfe is one of the important wetlands with economic and ecological value. After being declared a Natural Protected Area in 1989, Lake Seyfe, which gained the status of Natural Protection Area in 1990 and finally declared Ramsar Site in 1994, is extremely important for birds. The lake meets 3 out of 9 Criteria for Identifying Wetlands of International Importance. The research aims to determine bird species of Lake Seyfe by gathering the information contained in the literature covering all observations made in the following years, in addition to the regular field studies conducted weekly between 1996 and 1998. Therefore, a list of birds obtained from all observations made between 1996-2019 has been created. As a result, 26 orders, 57 families, 242 species and 4 subspecies were identified in the site. 20 of the recorded species are globally endangered according to the IUCN red list criteria. Lake Seyfe, an internationally important wetland, is also an important feeding and visiting place for birds during migration.

This research was conducted between 2011 and 2015 at research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Eskişehir Osmangazi University for evaluating two tillage methods (conventional and reduced), three crop rotations (wheat-wheat; wheat-fallow; wheat-chickpea) and four N levels (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1). The experimental design was split-split plot with three replicates. Tillage methods were in main plots, crop rotations in subplots and N levels in sub-sub plots. The N concentration of grain and straw harvested from aboveground plant organs was separately determined using by the Kjeldahl digestion method after the plant samples were ground. Then, grain protein content, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUPE), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUTE) were calculated. According to results, effects of tillage methods on NUE were unclear. Conventional tillage methods resulted in higher NUPE than reduced tillage in the last three years of the experiment. The NUTE was higher in reduced tillage than conventional in 2011-2012 and 2014-2015. The effects of tillage methods on grain yield were different due to the climatic conditions. Wheat-chickpea rotation had the better results for examined traits in this research. Increasing nitrogen doses increased grain and plant protein rate, however it decreased NUE and NUPE. The effects of nitrogen doses on NUTE were ambiguous. Nitrogen use efficiency and NUPE is traits that can be differed according to changeable grain yield depend on environmental conditions. Therefore, the experiments should be conducted for more than four years for revealed absolute effects both soil tillage method and nitrogen fertilization.

This research was conducted for 42 days, in order to determine the effects of fluctuate lighting program on production and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. 300 day old Ross 308 chicks were used. Chicks were randomly distributed to 2 lighting groups which were normal lighting (control) and fluctuate lighting, and each group was divided in to 3 replicates containing 50 chicks. For both groups lighting was arranged as 23 hours of lighting versus 1 hour of dimming. Control group was subjected to constant lighting of 20 lux/m2 for the days 0-21, and 5 lux/m2 for the days 22-42; while in the fluctuate lighting group was subjected to lighting of 5 lux/m2 for 45 minutes and additional 20 lux/m2 for 15 minutes every hour. There were no differences of final body weight, weekly body weight gain, cumulative feed intake, cumulative feed conversion ratio, viability, foot and leg problems, hot and cool carcass weight, thigh weight, breast weight, wing weight, back weight, liver or heart weights. However, there were statistically significant differences of gizzard weight and abdominal fat weight between two groups. In conclusion, gizzard and abdominal fat weights of broilers subjected to fluctuate lighting are less than control. This suggests that fluctuate lighting can be used to lower abdominal fat which is an important problem in broilers.

The chemical composition of essential oil, which is isolated by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Thymus zygioides growing wild in Turkey, have been determined by GC and GC/MS. Essential oil yield on a dry weight basis of aerial parts from T. zygioides was 0.45%. A total of twenty two constituents were identified by GC-MS analyses, the main components representing 92.3% the oil was identified as limonene (24.11%), cis-linalool oxide (22.91%), eucalyptol (8.65%). 3-octonol (7.04%), nerol (4.47%) geranyl acetate (3.19%), carvacrol (2.74%), linalyl propanoate (2.95%) and sabinene (2.23%). The essential oil of T. zygioides was characterized by its high content of limonene (24.11%).

Honey is the most known and consumed bee product by consumers. Therefore, from the past to the present, the investigation of the factors affecting the supply and consumption of honey has been on the agenda of the researchers. For this purpose, in our survey study, the effects of honey sales carried out via television channels (commercials) on consumers were investigated. According to the survey results, it was determined that 87.91% of consumers had a negative view about honey sales performed via television, 3.54% had a positive opinion, and 8.55% had no opinion on the issue. It was found that 5.83% of consumers bought honey through television commercials, and the education, income, gender and number of individuals in their households have an effect on the tendency to buy honey. Regarding the exposing of companies selling fake or adulterated honey by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, results showed that this situation positively affected 54.53 of consumers in terms of trust in honey positively, affected 13.30% of consumers negatively, and did not affect 13.30% of consumers in any way. As a result, deceptive honey commercials lead to consumer abuse and create an environment of distrust of honey. In order to minimize speculation on honey, it is seen necessary to increase deterrent penalties for businesses that lead to unfair competition.

In this study, the effects of light stimulation at normal (NLS: 154 days) and early (ELS: 140 days) age on some physiological and reproductive traits in dam and sire broiler pure-lines were carried out during the laying period. The study was conducted with A1, A2, A3, A4 dam lines and B1, B2 sire lines up to 43 weeks of age, whose breeding studies were carried out in Eskişehir Geçit Kuşağı Agricultural Research Institute. Live weight and feed consumption were determined during the growing period. In the laying period, in addition to these, the first laying age, 50% yield age, egg yield, hatching egg yield and egg weight were determined. The data obtained were evaluated according to light stimulation age and pure-lines by two factor analysis of variance. NLS and ELS treatments did not significantly affect the body weights of the pure-lines at 20, 24 and 43 weeks of age. However, differences were found significant in terms of body weight at 20, 24 and 43 weeks of age in pure-lines. Lines reached the first laying age at 172 days in NLS, and at 165 days of age in ELS. The 50% yield age was realized at 184 d and 176 d of age in parallel with the first laying age. The effects of light stimulation age on egg yield and hatching egg yield were found significant. In NLS treatment all pure-lines, 5 more eggs were produced in egg yield and hatching egg yield. However, differences in egg yield and weight in pure-lines were found significant. The study results showed that the egg production can be increased by first light stimulation at the 20 weeks of age, provided that at least 2 kg live weight is achieved in broiler pure-lines.