This study was conducted to determine best evaluation method for hunted roe deer. For the research purposes, trophy papers of 192 roe deer hunted in hunting ground Srpska Crnja in 2009 and 2010 were used. A comparison of of trophy mass and CIC trophy value was carried out, as well as a comparison of mass and the trophies volume and a comparison of these two variables with an average length of the antlers and values of the aesthetic elements in order to determine whether the weight of antlers is good indicator of the value of the trophy. Where it was possible, a comparison of the commercial trophy value under the old and new system was carried out, in order to determine whether the same trophy costs the same in both systems, or which system is economically advantageous for the hunter. The results showed that the mass of trophies in most cases is a good indicator of the trophy value in CIC points. Thus, during hunting, focus should be on assessing the volume of antlers, since between volume and other indicators of the value of antlers there are stronger and more pronounced correlation than between the mass and these indicators.

Mercimek, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde kuru tarım yapılan alanlarda, buğday veya arpa ile münavebe yapılarak yetiştirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, mercimek üretim alanlarında bulunan yabancı ot türlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, Şanlıurfa ilinde yürütülmüştür. Yabancı ot türlerinin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla, 2014 yılında 70 mercimek tarlasında survey yapılmıştır. İncelenen tarlalardaki en yaygın türler %64,29, 55,71, 51,43, 50,00, 45,71 ve 44,29 oranlarıyla; Sinapis arvensis L. (yabani hardal), Avena sterilis L. (yabani yulaf), Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schrader (pelemir), Triticum aestivum L. (kendi gelen buğday), Galium aparine L. (dilkanatan) ve Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert (arap baklası) olarak sıralanmıştır. Çalışma yapılan tarlalarda yaygın ve yoğun olmamasına rağmen bazı geofit ve endemik türlere de rastlanılmıştır. Bölgede daha önce yapılan çalışmalarla kıyaslandığında, yabancı ot türleri ile bu türlerin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarında önemli düzeyde değişiklikler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değişikliklerin bölgede sulanan alanların artmasından sonra bitki deseninin ve üretim şeklinin değişmesiyle birlikte, herbisit kullanımı başta olmak üzere bazı tarımsal uygulamaların değişmesi gibi nedenlerle gelecekte daha da artacağı tahmin edilmektedir.

Certified potato seed tuber usage is one of the most important steps for production of high yield and quality potatoes. For this reason different seed tuber production methods have been developed. Among these methods, mini tuber production is the most popular one. In order to produce mini tubers, firstly potato plants are produced in vitro, and these plants are transferred to an environmentally-controlled greenhouse. Thus, disease- and virus-free mini tubers are produced as seed tubers. However, in vitro section of mini tuber production creates problems like storage and transfer of in vitro plants, and adaptation period of the plants to greenhouse conditions. In vitro micro tuber (MT) formation has been selected as a solution of these problems. The aim of the study was to produce micro tubers from 15 different genotypes and evaluate their micro tuberization performances to determine the genotype effect on MT formation. 3 varieties, 3 breeding lines and 9 different genotypes from International Potato Center (CIP) were selected for the study. For this purpose, micro tubers are produced in vitro by using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 8% sucrose and 0.1 mg/L thidiazuron (TDZ). All experiments were conducted under dark conditions and 22/16 °C (8/16 h) temperature cycle. The micro tuberization performances were evaluated according to MT number per plant, MT formation rate (%), MT weight per plant (g), mean MT weight (g), mean MT diameter (mm). Differences between micro tuber production performances of different genotypes were determined and CIP395017.229 was identified as the most promising genotype to produce micro tubers.

Sea daffodil (Pancratium maritimum L.) is the only known Pancratium species that is naturally grown in Turkey, belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family, a group of monocotyledons. P. maritimum L. is a perennial Mediterranean plant. It grows naturally in the sandy coasts of Tukey. P. maritimum, which finds a living area right next to the sea, is a drought-tolerant plant that is exposed to direct sea breezes and strong radiation with constantly high air humidity. The roots of modified stem bulbs sink down to 80 cm in the sand. The self-fertilized Sea daffodil is flowering in June-October. It was reported that P. maritimum is one of the rare and endangered plants of Turkey because of usage natural habitats of sand lilies as coasts, excessive collection flowers and bulbs. The landscape value of this geophyte is high with white and fragrant flowers. In addition to their potential usage as ornamental plants, their usage in pharmacology especially in the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer and AIDS due to the medical properties of the modified stems and in other related industries increases their importance. It is also important to protect this genetic resource for biodiversity. In this review, botanical, biological and medicinal properties of P. maritimum as well as potential usage as ornamental plant, threats and importance of this species for Turkey were given and discussed.

Field experiments were carried out during the dry seasons in (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) to study the impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on some soil properties and nutrients uptake by red onion (Allium cepa L.) in Moda, Michika, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Soil samples were randomly collected and analysed for pH, EC, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus before and at the completion of the experiment. Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the onion bulbs were determined. There was an improvement in the fertility status of the soil as a consequence of integrated nutrient management. Combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application influenced the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by red onion. The highest nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake by onions of 0.76, 43.82 and 2.42kgha-1 occurred when all treatments were combined. Uptake of N and K increased as treatment level increased. The P uptake was highest at lower treatment levels and could be linked to sufficiency of indigenous soil P for plant growth resulting in high P uptake with minimal addition of nutrient inputs. Integrated Nutrient Management could be adopted to improve soil fertility status and N, P and K uptake by red onions.

Bu çalışma, etlik piliç rasyonuna ilave edilen fukoksantinin serumda lipid profili ve bazı metabolik parametreler üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 180 adet günlük erkek civciv (Ross 308) kullanılmıştır. Deneme 42 gün sürdürülmüştür. Gruplandırma Kontrol (K), F1 ve F2 grupları şeklinde yapılmıştır ve gruplara bazal rasyona ilave olarak sırasıyla 0, 100 ve 200 mg/kg rasyon fukoksantin katılmıştır. Biyokimyasal analizler çalışmanın sonunda (43. gününde) her gruptan 10 adet hayvandan alınan serum numunelerinde yapılmıştır. Fukoksantin uygulamasının sadece F2 grubunda serum trigliserit (TG) seviyesini arttırdığı, total kolesterol (TK), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-K) ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (LDL-K) seviyelerini etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Serum glikoz, kalsiyum, fosfor ve magnezyum seviyelerinin tüm gruplarda benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir. F2 grubunun total protein ve albümin seviyeleri K grubuna benzer olurken F1 grubuna göre önemli düzeyde azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca F2 grubunun ürik asit seviyesinin K grubuna göre önemli düzeyde azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak fukoksantinin serum parametrelerini sınırlı düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür.

2012 yılında yürürlüğe giren 6360 sayılı büyükşehir yasası ile büyükşehirlerde kır kent ayrımı gözetilmeyerek büyükşehir belediyelerinin hizmet götürme alanı il mülki sınırını kapsayacak şekilde genişletilmiştir. Böylece büyükşehir konumunda yer alan illerde tüzel kişiliğe sahip olan köy ve belde yerleşim yerlerinin tüzel kişilikleri kaldırılarak mahalleye dönüştürülmüştür. Durum böyle olunca bugüne kadar kentsel alana yönelik hizmet anlayışına sahip belediyelerin daha önce köy olan mahallelere belediye hizmetlerini götürmek, tarımsal alt yapı hizmetleri, hayvancılık yatırımları ve faaliyetlerini desteklemesi gibi yeni görev alanları ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma ile 6360 sayılı büyükşehir yasasının kırsal yaşama olası etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Kocaeli ili Gölcük İlçesine bağlı Nüzhetiye köyü seçilmiştir. Yeni yasa ile artık Nüzhetiye mahallesi olan mahalle sakinlerine, yeni büyükşehir yasasından haberdar olup olmadıkları ve olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkilenip etkilenmedikleri sorulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

This study focuses on empowering women both in peri-urban and rural areas through mushroom production. It was conducted in Kampala Metropolitan area-Uganda, during October 2016. It focused on estimating profits, conducting benefit-cost analysis/ratio (BCR) and return on investment (ROI), finding reasons as to why women involved in the mushroom production and identifying the constraints of mushroom farming from the perspective of women as well as the possible solutions to the constraints. 29 women were interviewed face to face through the use of the questionnaires. The study revealed an average net profit of 3,464.28 US dollars, BCR of 3.84 and ROI of 2.84 per farm in a period of three months. Our study revealed that mushroom production is a profitable enterprise for women. The major reason for women to involve in mushroom was to earn income. However, a range of other reasons was given such as fast maturity of mushrooms, availability of market, healthy benefits of mushrooms, etc. were the most important reasons. The problems faced by women farmers were ranked from the most pressing problem to the least pressing problem in this order; Low market prices per kilogram of mushroom, scarcity of cotton during some seasons, poor quality mushroom spawn supplied to farmers by breeders, inadequate extension, and advisory services were the most observed problems among others. The suggested solutions were organizing farmers into groups or cooperatives in order to negotiate for better markets locally and abroad together with the help of government, researchers to carry out more research on the suitability of other substrates like bagasse other than relying on only cotton, ensuring that mushroom spawn breeders conform to the set standards of quality spawn production and re-equipping local extension workers with knowledge regarding mushroom production among others.

Land use management requires controlling natural resources for sustainability. Soil erosion related to improper land use is a major issue around the world. Land degradation may harm the health of ecosystems. Defining the soil loss in a basin is the starting point in the restoration of soil quality for crop production. Reducing soil losses to a tolerable rate is one of the primary objectives for sustainability and soil conservation. Central Anatolia is under considerable risk due to an increase in the cultivation of marginal lands for food production. Cultivated lands have already been reached the final limits throughout the last 50 years. Moreover, forests and considerable areas of pasture have recently been converted to ploughed fields due to agricultural expansion. This study was conducted in the Sarısu basin to evaluate soil losses and land use management for sustainability. The Universal Soil Loss Equation model and Geographic Information System techniques were used to estimate the soil losses. The mean potential soil loss of the basin was calculated to be 1.88 t ha-1 per year with the Universal Soil Loss Equation model. These results are comparatively small when compared to the average value for Turkey of 13 t ha-1 yearly. Our calculated results are closer to the value for the Sakarya river basin, which is approximately 2.77 t ha-1 y-1. In this study, land usages in the Sarısu basin were evaluated in terms of soil losses, tolerable soil loss rates and soil conservation precautions.

This paper focus on the seafood consumption attitudes and behaviours of the millennials (Generation Y) and non-millennials (Generation X, Baby Boomers and Silent Generation) comparatively. The data was collected from a face to face survey which was applied to randomly select 407 individuals in the city of Adana, Turkey in November 2016. As a result of factor analysis applied in the study, it was found that Millennials was significantly and inversely correlated with consumption of wild fish and freshwater fish. Non-millennial generation was inversely correlated with consumption of marine fish, freshwater fish and mussels and the correlation is insignificant. According to the results of the chi square test, it was determined that Millennials mostly preferred to consume fresh (unprocessed) fish. Mann-Whitney test results show that they value health and nutrition factors for consumption and there is a significant difference between these two factors. Besides, factors mainly effecting their purchase behaviour of seafood are directed to freshness, seasonality, place of purchase and wild-aquaculture product classification and there are significant differences between these factors. The fact that the Millennial’s average response to consumption and purchasing is higher indicates that they are more cautious.