The study aims to report the ethnobotanical significance of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases, phytochemical constituents of those plants, their allelopathic effect, and impact of those plants on the socioeconomic aspect in Gulmi and Okhaldhunga district of Nepal. Altogether 41 species of medicinal plants from two areas were documented, using a semi-structured questionnaire. They have been using those species for the treatment of different ailment ranging from gastrointestinal problems, respiratory tract related problems, cuts and wounds, and dermatological problems. 18 of the potentially valuable medicinal plants were brought for performing secondary metabolites tests in methanol extract. The extracts have shown the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, oil and protein, out of which alkaloid was found to be present in every sample. In contrast, only 5 possessed protein. Out of 18 plant extracts, 11 most valued ones were isolated to carry out allelopathy tests on mungbean seed. Only the control treatment bored germination of the mungbean with full radicle and plumule development. This study also reports the impact of the use of medicinal plants in people’s daily life.

Bu çalışmada, Niğde İli Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliğine üye büyükbaş hayvancılık işletmelerinden sabah ve akşam toplayarak işleme tesislerine sattığı sütün kalite değerlerinin korunmasını esas alan bir toplama ve taşıma modelini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma kapsamında birliğe üye 19 hayvancılık işletmesinden 12 ay boyunca ayda 2 kez çiğ süt numuneleri alınmış ve birliğin laboratuvarında teknik personellerce analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizlerde yağ, protein, yağsız kuruma madde, toplam kuru madde ve laktoz değerlerinin yanı sıra somatik hücre ve toplam bakteri sayısı ölçüm değerleri toplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda sütler toplam bakteri yüküne göre dört farklı tipe ayrılmıştır. Hayvancılık işletmelerinin coğrafi konumları ve belirlenen süt tipine göre toplama rotaları oluşturulmuştur. Bu kapsamda önerilen model “Tank Bazında Bölünebilir Talepli Matematiksel Model” olup GAMS 23.4.3 versiyonunda CPLEX 12.1.0 Solver’ı kullanılarak çalıştırılmış ve optimum süt toplama rotaları oluşturulmuştur. Planlama 19 süt üreten büyükbaş hayvancılık işletmesinden Toplam Bakteri Sayısı esasına göre belirlenen 4 farklı tipteki sütün Toplama Merkezine belirli kısıtlar altında taşınmasını mümkün kılmaktadır. Son yıllarda yaşanan süt arzındaki artış işleme tesislerinin daha seçici davranmalarına imkân vermiştir. Bunun sonucu olarak daha temiz ve kaliteli sütü alma konusundaki kriterleri artırmıştır. Ayrıca bu işletmeler kalite değerleri yüksek süte daha fazla ücret ödemeyi de kabul etmektedirler. Niğde Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliği’nin işleme tesisleri ile yaptığı kalite bazlı sözleşmeler sonucu yeni toplama modellerini uygulanması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bundan sora yapılacak çalışmalarda hayvancılık işletmesinden alınan sütün nihai ürün olarak tüketiciye gidinceye kadarki süreçte izlenebilirliği oldukça önemli bir çalışma konusu olacaktır.

In this study carried out in 2015 under conditions of Kahramanmaraş province of Turkey, it was aimed at determining the effects of sawgin and rollergin methods on fiber quality in some cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. In the study varieties of Lydia, Carisma, PG 2018, Flash, BA 440, BA 119 Maraş-92 and Erşan-92 were used as experimental materials. The trial was established according to factorial randomized block design with four replications. Seed cottons obtained from the trial were ginned in the rollergin and sawgin machines. In the obtained lint cotton samples, a number of fiber characteristics were determined by using HVI and AFIS fiber analysis devices. Ginnig outturn (38.6%), fiber length (30.21 mm), uniformity index (86.02%), fiber strength (31.76 g tex-1), spinning consistency index (SCI) (104.68) determined by using rollergin system were found higher than ones determined by using sawgin system (respectivelly 37.2%, 29.78 mm, 84.61%, 30.97 g tex-1, 94.50). Short fiber index (3.47%) and nep count (59.40 number g-1) obtained from rollergin system were found lower than ones obtained from sawgin system (respectivelly 4.38% and 119.34 number g-1). As a result it can be said that the rollergin method has positive effect on ginnig outturn, fiber length, uniformity index, fiber strength, spinning consistency index, short fiber index and nep count. When fiber length, fiber strength, spinning consistency index, nep size are considered together the best variety was Lydia cv. (respectivelly 30.87 mm, 32.56 g tex-1, 104.25, 675.63 μm). Ginning outturn, uniformity index, short fiber index, total particule number, dust particule number and trash count are considered together the best variety was Erşan-92 cv. (respectivelly 39.4%, 86.02%, 3.48%, 231.4 number g-1, 206.3 number g-1, 25.13 number g-1). For fiber fineness the best varieties were BA 119 and Maraş-92 cv. (respectivelly 4.78 mic. and 4.80 mic.).

Turkey is known as a top producer and exporter of apricots, both fresh and dried. More than half of Turkey's apricot production is provided by Malatya province. There are many pests and diseases affecting apricots in addition to climatic factors such as frost and hail. Partial shoot drying and sudden drying in apricot orchards have increased in recent years. In this study, it was aimed to determine the chemical control possibilities of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous &Slippers, which is one of the fungal agents that cause partial branch drying and sudden drying in apricot orchards in Malatya province by in vitro studies. For this purpose, Kale 4-C isolate of N. dimidiatum collected from Malatya in a previous study was used. Mycelial growth of N. dimidiatum Kale 4-C isolate in PDA were observed in 0 (control), 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 30 ve 100 μg/mL concentrations of Azoxystrobin 250g/L, Trifloxystrobin %50, Tebuconazole %25, Floupyram 200 g/L+Tebuconazole 200 g/L, Cyprodinil+Fludioxonil %37.5+25, %70 Thiophanate-Methyl and 400 g/L Phosphorous acide fungicides applications. As a result of the study, Floupyram 200g/L+Tebuconazole 200g/L ve Cyprodinil+Fludioxonil %37.5+25 fungicides effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus.

Su kahve hazırlamada kahve çeşidinden sonra ikinci önemli bileşen olup kahve kalitesini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada filtre kahve hazırlamada kullanılan dört farklı sertliğe sahip suyun (şişelenmiş, arıtma, orta sert ve sert su) filtre kahvenin uçucu bileşenlerine ve lezzetine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. En fazla sayıda uçucu bileşen orta sertlikteki su kullanılarak hazırlanan filtre kahvede (12 furan, 7 pirazin, 3 pirol, 2 aldehit, 1 furanon,1 keton, 1 piridin ve 1 tiyofen grubundan olmak üzere toplam 28 uçucu bileşen) belirlenmiştir. Filtre kahve hazırlamada kullanılan suyun sertliğinin 2-metilfuran, 2-metilbutanal, 5-metil-3-hegzanon, 1-metil-1H-pirol, 2-vinil-5-metilfuran, 2-(metoksimetil) furan, dihidro-2-metil- 3(2H)-furanon, 2-etil-3-metil-pirazin, 3-etil-2,5-dimetil-pirazin, 2-furankarboksaldehit, benzaldehit, 2,2'-bifuran ve 2,2'-metilenbisfuran uçucu bileşenlerinin alan yüzdesini etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Koku karakterleri (kavrulmuş kahve (2,27), kavrulmuş fındık (2,35), badem (0,96), çiğ sebze (2,69), toprak (0,96)) sert suyla hazırlanan filtre kahvelerde düşük yoğunlukta algılanmıştır. Sert suyla hazırlanan filtre kahvede tat karakterlerinden acı (3,63) en fazla algılanırken, en az algılanan karakterler fındık (0,40), baharat (0,63), limon kabuğu (0,58), tatlı (1,04), ekşi (1,52) tat olmuştur. Orta sert suyla hazırlanan filtre kahvede ise fındık (1.63), baharat (1.96), limon kabuğu (3.21), tatlı (2.23) tat karakterleri yoğun algılanmıştır. Ekşilik yumuşak suyla hazırlanan örneklerde en yoğun algılanırken (3,55), orta sert suyla hazırlanan kahvelerde ekşiliğin yoğunluğu azalmış (2,55), en düşük ise sert suyla hazırlanan örneklerde (1,52) algılanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda su sertliğinin filtre kahvenin lezzetini etkilediği belirlenmiş olup, daha fazla uçucu bileşen içeren filtre kahve elde edilmesi için filtre kahve hazırlanmada orta sertlikte suyun kullanılması önerilmektedir.

This study focuses on the investigation of enhancing convective heat transfer between the absorber and the air inside a channel. The investigation approaches modeling different absorber through CFD simulation and validating the result with experimental data. Supplying air to both sides of the top and the bottom surfaces of the absorber increase the air mass flow rate and therefore increases the thermal efficiency of the dryer. The studies in a V-grooved absorber attain high hot air velocity; high thermal efficiency resulted from high turbulence created in the duct. For the sample taken with a flow range, 0.01kg/s to 0.06 kg/s, the high output temperature was observed in a lower temperature range and increases as the flow rate increases. At a flow rate 0.01 kg/s, the velocity of hot air passing over the V-grooved absorber attain 0.28 m/s and increased to 1.4 m/s as the mass flow rate increased to 0.06 kg/s. For the rectangular absorber, the velocity of hot air attains 0.15 m/s at a flow rate of 0.01 kg/s and increased to 1.46 m/s as the mass flow rate increases to 0.06 kg/s. The double-sided V-grooved absorber contributes 8 – 12.40% value more efficiency compared to the rectangular plate with the same flow orientation. Further investigation is recommended taking the quantitative analysis obtained in this study and generating qualitative data.

In this study, the effect of different phosphorus doses application on the yield and nutrient uptake of sugar beet plant was investigated under field condition. The study was carried out in Sivas province in 3 replications according to the randomized plot design and Valentina was used as the sugar beet variety. Phosphorus doses were; 0 kg P da-1, 15 kg P da-1, 30 kg P da-1 and applied as triple super phosphate (TSP). Leaf samples were taken approximately 80 days after the planting of sugar beet plant, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) concentrations and yield were determined at harvest. Research results indicated that the yield increased depending on the increasing phosphorus doses and the highest yield was obtained at 30 kg P da-1 dose with 8151.0 kg da-1. In addition, the highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations were found at 30 kg P da-1 dose (4.77% N, 0.74% P and 2.39% K, respectively). However, the research found that calcium and magnesium concentrations decreased with increasing phosphorus doses. While only iron concentration among microelements increased with phosphorus applications, zinc, manganese and copper concentrations decreased due to increasing phosphorus doses.

Antep fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) son yıllarda Akdeniz ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde giderek artan oranda bitki deseni içerisinde yer almaya başlayan bir bitki türüdür. Toprak ve çevre faktörleri bakımından bor (B) noksanlığının yaygın olabileceği bu bölgelerde bitkilerin özellikle B noksanlığına duyarlı Antep fıstığının B ile beslenme düzeyinin belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu araştırma kapsamında büyüme dönemi olarak karagöz patlamasının %20 ve meyvenin mercimek büyüklüğü döneminde olduğu iki farklı dönemde yapraktan artan dozlarda B (%0; %0,2; %0,4; %0,6 ve %0,8) uygulamasının Antep fıstığı bitkisinin yeşil aksam B konsantrasyonu ve besin elementleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, bahçe koşullarında iki Antep fıstığı çeşidinin (Uzun ve Kırmızı) yetiştirildiği üretim alanlarındaki deneme tesadüf blokları deneme planına göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda bitki çeşitlerinin ve uygulanan gübre dozlarının, B konsantrasyonuna önemli düzeyde etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bitki çeşitlerine göre tüm B uygulamaları altında B konsantrasyonunun Uzun çeşidine (%8,3) göre Kırmızı (%21) çeşidinde daha yüksek olduğu, ortalama B konsantrasyonunun Kırmızı çeşidinde 200,3 mg kg-1 iken, Uzun çeşidinde ise 176,3 mg kg-1 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Artan dozlarda B uygulaması ile bitkinin yeşil aksamındaki B konsantrasyonunun arttığı, bu artışların (%36,8) kontrole göre sadece %0,6 B doz uygulamasında istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bor uygulamasının analizi yapılan makro (N, K) ve mikro (Zn, Fe, Mn) element konsantrasyonları üzerinde ise istatistiksel olarak önemli sayılabilecek bir etkisi saptanmamıştır.

Potential outputs of irrigation should be put forth to improve the yields in agricultural practices. Available water resources should efficiently be used to improve yields and inputs should be minimized. Performance assessment of irrigation schemes is an importance issue for improved yields and to take relevant measured. Statistical methods are used for performance assessment of irrigation schemes with the use of various indicators. Forecasts for future performance of irrigation shames will facilitate the steps to be taken by decision-makers to improve performance. In this study, time series – ARIMA method was used to forecast future performance of Bergama irrigation scheme for 2017-2021 period. The indicator values of annual irrigation water supply per unit command area, output per unit command area and total expenditure per unit command area for 2006-2017 period were used to estimate performance indicators for 2017-2021 period. In 2021, at 95% probability, the lowest annual irrigation water supply per unit-command area was calculated as 4365.10 m3 ha-1 and the highest as 16835.69 m3 ha-1; the lowest output per unit command area was calculated as -5076.10 € ha-1 and the highest as 10401.2 € ha-1; the lowest total expenditure per unit command area was calculated as -2200.41 € ha-1 and the highest as 1866.31 € ha-1. Present forecasts of time series -ARIMA method with the use of data of 2006-2016 period revealed that annual irrigation water supply per unit-command area and output per unit command area will increase and total expenditure per unit command area will decrease in years.

In this study, Hubbard Red JA57 genotype, which growing slowly in mixed sex, were examined in indoor (KYS) and free-range raising systems (SYS). The study was carried out at the Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University (KSU), Animal Production Application and Research Center for 12 weeks. Each treatment was represented by 3 groups containing 28 male chick (total 168 chick). During the indoor treatment, the chicks were raised in floor pens in a conventional house (3.7 birds/m2). In the free-range treatment, the chickens were housed in a similar indoor house (3.7 birds/m2); in addition, they also had a free-range clover paddock (0.9 bird/m2). All birds were provided with the same diets as ad-libitum. In two different raising systems; live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, carcass and parts rates, edible giblets weight and rates, testicular weights and rates, rectal temperature and tonic immobility were examined. Results showed that the weekly feed conversion ratio was found to be significant at the 11th week and the additive feed conversion ratio at the 12th week. The difference between the groups in terms of rectal temperature and tonic immobility values, testicular weights and rates were found to be significant. In terms of average interaction; While the average rates of hot carcass, cold carcass, back, breast meat and neck were the same, the averages of thigh, bony breast and wing ratios were different. The highest mean abdominal fat rate was found in KYS females, the highest average gizzard rate in SYS females, the highest mean liver in KYS females, and the highest heart weight in SYS males.