The role of university partners in the innovation adoption process in the implementation of agricultural extension is very necessary to get attention to realize the success of empowering rice seed farmers. The purpose of this research is (1) to know the role of universities in the process of adopting innovation in IPB 3S seedling in Aceh Province, (2) to know the perception of farmers toward the characteristics of the innovation of IPB 3S varieties, and (3) to know the role of universities in the implementation process of extension agriculture to rice seed farmers. This research uses qualitative descriptive approach with data measurement using Likert scale. The results showed that in general the universities play significant role in innovation adoption process to rice seed farmers. The role is arranged by sequence; (1) implementing cultivation skill (2) strengthening farmer institution, (3) liaison with the government (4) guidance of transfer of technology, and (5) liaison with production market. Farmers perception on the characteristics of innovation optimum production technology package (IPB-Prima) IPB 3S (1) has a relative profitability, (2) easy to try, (3) conformity, (4) observable, and (5) innovation subtly level. The role of partners in the implementation of agricultural extension in sequence (1) conformity of extension materials, (2) intensity of extension, (3) appropriateness of extension method and (4) accuracy of media usage. The university should pay attention on the mechanism of facilitating technology transfer with the use of media and appropriate extension methods to rice seed farmers. The university also should build good communication with private organizations to help farmers in terms of seed price certainty produced by rice seed farmers in Aceh Province, Indonesia.

Recently, food safety which has become one of the decisive factor in demand for all food products, is becoming a major concern due to increasing sensitivity of consumers to food production and consumption. As honey is produced and marketed on more uncontrolled conditions, which is relatively different from other agricultural products, the food safety issue is becoming more intense. In this study, it is examined what kind of applications are applied in food safety in bee products in Turkey. In the second part of the study, it is aimed to determine the importance of food safety in honey consumption of urban consumers in Niğde province based on the primary data and to put consumer's consciousness in this subject. For this purpose, it was conducted a survey by interviewing face to face with 286 consumers. In the study, besides basic statistical methods, univariate analysis of variance and factor analysis method were also used to determine the effective factors in purchasing according to income groups. As a result of the research, it was determined that there is a great lack of confidence in the quality of honey in purchasing from the market due to both the concern of sugar added fraudulent honey and residual problem by consumers. For this reason, consumers prefer to buy honey from directly producers rather than market. In addition, consumers are more likely to believe that honey is less safety than in previous years. Health consciousness is an important factor in consumers purchasing honey and health and quality consciousness develops positively especially as the income level of consumers’ increases.

Değer zinciri, bir malın üretimiyle başlar, nihai ürünün tüketimiyle sona erer. Çalışmanın amacı, tarımsal değer zincirini açıklayarak, tarımsal değer zincirinde değer yaratan faaliyetleri ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada literatür taraması yaklaşımından yararlanılmıştır. Tarımsal değer zincirinin yedi aşaması söz konusu olup, bunlar sırasıyla girdi tedariki, üretim, üretici örgütleri, tüccarlar, işleyiciler, toptancılar ve perakendeciler şeklindedir. Değer zincirinde ürün kalitesinin yükseltilmesi, üründe farklılaşma sağlanması ya da sistemin etkinliğinin artırılması yoluyla rakiplere karşı avantaj sağlanması hedeflenmektedir. Tarımsal ürünlerin üretim maliyetlerine, kullanılan girdi miktarından teknoloji transferine kadar birçok unsur etki etmekte iken, organik tarım ve iyi tarım uygulamaları gibi yaklaşımlarla üründe farklılaşma sağlanarak değer yaratılabilmektedir. Tarım sektöründe büyük işletmeler değer zincirini bir bütün olarak ele alabilmelerine rağmen, süreçten erken çıkmak zorunda kalan küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerin süreçte kalabildikleri sürece değer yaratan faaliyetlere odaklanmaları gerekmektedir. Değer zinciri analizi yaklaşımıyla tarım sektöründeki bazı temel sorunların çözümüne katkı sağlanması mümkün olabilecektir.

Bu çalışma Tunceli (Pülümür ve Munzur) İl’inde yapılan amatör balıkçılığın güncel durumunu belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sahasında Ocak 2018 – Mart 2018 periyodunda amatör balıkçılık yapan 95 birey tesadüfi olarak seçilmiş ve gönüllülük esasıyla 38 soru içeren ankete katılımları sağlanarak orijinal veriler elde edilmiştir. Örneklem büyüklüğünün belirlenmesinde Avrupa için belirlenen %4,8 değeri kullanılmıştır. Amatör olta balıkçıları ile yapılan anket çalışması sonucunda balık avlanma boy ve adetleri hakkında bilgisi olup olmadığı değişkenlerin dağılımı ki-kare testi ile belirlenmiş ve yanılma olasılığı α = 0,05 seçilmiştir. Sonuç olarak balık avlanma boy ve adetleri hakkında bilgisi olan ve olmayanlar karşılaştırıldığında eğitim durumu değişkeninde (χ2:9,434; p:0,009), aylık gelire göre (χ2:12,525; p: 0,006), avlanmada harcadıkları zamana göre (χ2:11,935; p:0,03), balıkçıların tercih ettikleri hedef türlere göre (χ2:14,903; p:0,001) ve balık miktarında yıllara bağlı olarak artış veya azalışa göre (χ2:11,248; p:0,04) istatistiksel olarak farklılık gözlenirken diğer değişkenlerde herhangi bir farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Tunceli İl’indeki amatör olta balıkçılığının genel durumunun belirlendiği bu çalışma bölgede ilk defa yapılmıştır ve daha sonra yapılacak olan çalışmalara bir öncü niteliği taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle amatör balıkçılık yapan kişilerin konu hakkında bilgilendirilmeleri ve sürdürülebilir balıkçılığın sağlanması açısından doğaya zarar verilmeden yapılması sağlanmalıdır.

In this study, biogas, compost and vermicompost plant location selection problem, and the optimal order of the facilities planned to be established are considered as a multi-criteria decision making problem. This study was carried out in order to determine the optimal suitability of biogas, compost and vermicompost (worm manure) production facilities obtained from pre-feasibility study in order to determine and evaluate the animal and slaughterhouse wastes that were exposed in Yozgat region. The facilities included in the ranking were determined within the scope of the in Pre-Feasibility and Investment Conformity Study Project for Recycling of Animal Wastes in the TR72 Region Sır. The total investment amount to be established in Yozgat province is $249.9 million and 15 biogas which can generate 69 MW / hour of electricity with an income of 149 million dollars / year. 11 compost production centres with a total investment value of $7 million and revenue of $4.4 million / year; Optimum ordering of 3 production centre facilities with a total investment value of 1.7 million dollars and a revenue of 1.9 million dollars / year and a total of 2.746 tons / year vermicompost was made. Ordering was performed using ARAS and COPRAS methods. The first three sequences proposed in the ranking of clusters of facilities that can be established are as follows; biogas clusters 8, 11 and 15; compost clusters 5, 9, 3; vermicompost sets 2, 1 and 3.

Jelatin, hayvansal dokuların temel ve yapısal bir proteini olan kolajenin hidrolizi sonucu elde edilen protein yapısındaki bir gıda katkı maddesidir. Kolajenin üçüncül, ikincil ve kısmen birincil protein yapılarının bozulmasını içeren birtakım işlemler sonucu elde edilen jelatin, suda çözünür bir maddedir. Jelatin, hayvanların deri, beyaz bağ doku ve kemiklerinden elde edilen, yüksek molekül ağırlığına sahip önemli bir hidrokolloiddir. Gıda endüstrisinde jelleşme ve kıvam artırıcı olması sebebiyle geniş bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Jelatini diğer hidrokolloidlerden ayıran en önemli farklılıkları insan vücut sıcaklığının altındaki sıcaklıklarda geri dönüşlü olarak eriyebilmesi, hayvansal kaynaklı doğal protein yapısında olması ve GRAS statüde bir katkı maddesi olmasıdır. Bu derlemede jelatin üretimi amacıyla kullanılan mevcut ve alternatif kaynaklar, jelatinin kendine özgü fonksiyonel özellikleri, erime ve jelleşme özellikleri, yüzey davranış özellikleri ve bunların bir sonucu olarak ise gıda sanayindeki geniş kullanım alanları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

The experiment was conducted to assess the integrated effects of pre-emergence herbicides and hand-weeding on weed control, yield components, yield, and their economic feasibility for cost effective weed control in faba bean. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments viz. pre-emergence s-metolachlor (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg ha-1) and pendimethalin (1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 kg ha-1), each at three rates metolachlor, s-metolachlor + one-hand-weeding, pendimethalin + one-hand-weeding, two-hand-weeding, complete weed free and weedy checks arranged. The weed flora consisted of broadleaved and sedge with the relative densities of 81.02 and 18.98 % at Haramaya district, and 80.83% and 19.17%, at Gurawa district, respectively. Application of s-metolachlor and pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha-1 each supplemented with hand weeding 5 WAE significantly (p ≤0.01) affected the broadleaved weeds, sedges and weed dry weight at both sites. S-metolachlor 1.0 kg ha-1 supplemented with hand weeding 5 WAE gave the lowest total number of weeds (8.29 m-2) following the weed free check. Higher grain yield (3555.8 kg ha-1) was produced with s-metolachlor 1.0 kg ha-1 supplemented with one-hand-weeding 5 WAE following complete weed-free at Gurawa. The benefit gained from s-metolachlor and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1 each supplemented with one hand weeding 5 WAE were greater than the value recorded from the weedy check by 216% and 198 %, respectively. S-metolachlor 1.0 kg ha-1 supplemented with hand weeding 5 WAE treatment resulted in the highest grain yield and economic benefit. However, in case labour is constraint and s-metolachlor herbicide is timely available, pre emergence application of s-metolachlor at 2.0 kg ha-1 should be the alternative to preclude the yield loss and to ensure maximum benefit.

Multistoried agroforestry systems as a form of jackfruit-eggplant based is increasingly recognized as a promising option to counteract the catastrophic effects of climate change through providing multifaceted benefits. Unfortunately, farmers of Bangladesh did not manage their jackfruit orchard in a scientific manner. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the productivity and profitability of jackfruit-eggplant based agroforestry system after modification from a traditional jackfruit orchard during the period of July 2012 to December 2013. Five treatments covering four orientations of jackfruit tree and an open field was used as a control treatment. To observe the growth and economic performance of the system; soil moisture and temperature, DBH, number of fruits per tree, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, total yield, BCR, and LER were calculated following different established methods. The yield of jackfruit dramatically increased by 81% in the agroforestry system in compared to sole cropping, while eggplant shows inverse trend. Soil moisture was high in agroforestry system than that of control plot while soil temperature shows reverse pattern. Indeed, agroforestry system had some negative effects on growth performance of understorey crops. Despite, net return and BCR from jackfruit based agroforestry system were 5.58 lakh and 4.56, which was 66 and 45%, respectively higher than sole cropping systems. The LER of jackfruit-eggplant based agroforestry system was 2.17. Considering the main findings, we can elucidate that jackfruit orchards can be transformed to agroforestry system for maximizing production, generating income and conserving environment.

Tomato comes as the most commonly produced, consumed and subject for trading in the world. Alongside fresh consumption, on the other hand it forms the most significant raw material source of food industry, especially for tomato paste, frozen and dried vegetable-fruit and canned food industry. Turkey's greenhouse vegetable production field for 2016 year is 675173 decars and Antalya forms 51% of this field. Tomato forms 61.72% of Antalya's greenhouse production. The main material of the research consists of interviews made with producers resided in 5 villages/towns, where greenhouse tomato production is carried out densely in Antalya city, Alanya district. In 48 villages and towns, greenhouse tomato production is carried out, according to the official records. In the chosen areas, 365 producers exist. 20% of these producers (73) form the sample size. In the research, it was determined that the producers' average agricultural land possession is 9.13 decars and in 40.53% of these areas they grew tomatoes. None of these producers are engaged in contractual growing. All of the yield is produced for the edible (as table-top item). After the harvest, all of the products are sold in the wholesales market in county and city. 7.89% of the producers have no information on soilless agriculture, as 10.52% of them think that it has no advantages and 73.36% of them recommend traditional agriculture.

Renewable energy interest is increasing day by day due to the progressive decline of fossil fuels and negative effects on the environment. As is known, generating energy using solar energy is the most popular of renewable energy source applications. One of the reasons for this is that the sun, which is the source of all the energy in the world, will give energy for a very long time. Another important reason is the rapid developments in semiconductor electronics technology. Direct solar water heating with solar collector, power generation without photovoltaic panels, and even power generation with concentrated parabolic systems. In this research, electricity is generated by solar panels used in a traditional plateau house, photovoltaic solar batteries from solar energy and electricity stored in battery benches and electricity stored in the battery is converted to mains electricity through an inverter if necessary. Saving electric elements at home are selected, and the minimum power required for basic needs is provided. In addition, the economics of the designed system was investigated and efficiency analysis was carried out considering the energy efficiency at the optimum level.