Bu araştırmada, farklı düzeylerde propiyonik asit ilavesinin toplam karışım rasyonu yemin aerobik stabilite özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, propiyonik asit temeline dayalı katkı maddesinin dört farklı oranda ilavesinin (%0, 1,5, 3,0 ve 4,5), 26°C ve 30°C depolama koşullarında etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yem örnekleri her muamele grubunda 3’er tekerrür olmak üzere 7 gün süre ile depolanmıştır. Aerobik stabilite süresince yem örneklerinde kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik parametrelere ilişkin analizler yürütülmüştür. Her muamele grubunda sıcaklık değerleri ve ortam sıcaklığı 7 gün süreyle sıcaklık sensörleri ile ölçülüp kaydedilmiştir. Araştırmada katkı maddesi ilavesi toplam karışım rasyonu yemin pH, kuru madde, nötral çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif ve maya içeriklerini düşürmüş, ham protein, ham yağ, suda çözünebilir, laktik asit ve laktik asit bakteri içeriklerini yükseltmiş, küf gelişimini ise önlemiştir. Araştırma sonucunda %4,5 oranında propiyonik asit ilavesi toplam karışım rasyonunun 26°C 7 gün, 30°C ise 5 gün süre ile stabil kalmasını sağlamıştır.

Tarım sahalarının çevresinde, sulama amaçlı yapılan göllerin rezervuar alanlarında biriken ağır metallerin kökeninin belirlenmesi ve toksik etkisinin anlaşılmasında, veri analizinin yapılması önemlidir. Çalışmanın amacı, Akkaya Gölü rezervuar sahasındaki toprakların kimyasal içeriklerinde çok değişkenli istatistik analizler kullanılarak Akkaya Gölü rezervuar sahasında tespit edilen ağır metallerin kendi arasındaki davranışlarını bunlar arasındaki ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi ve bu metallerin olası kökeninin açıklanması şeklindedir. Kimyasal analiz içeriklerinin bollukları Mg > Al > Fe > S > Ti > Zn > V > As > Cu > Ni > Pb > Co > Mo > Sn > Cd > Hg olarak sıralanmıştır. Fe ile Mg, Si, K, Co, V, Cu, As, Ni, Zn ve Pb arasında yüksek pozitif korelasyon bulunur. Faktör analizine göre toplam varyans 72.080 (% kümülatif) olup, 3 (üç) faktöre ayrılmıştır. Hiyerarşik kümeleme analizine göre 3 grup ve elementlerin kümeleme analizine göre 4 grup oluşmuştur. Bu grupların kendi aralarında benzer özellik sundukları anlaşılmıştır. Çok değişkenli istatistik analizleri bu çalışma için başarılı olmuştur.

This study has been conducted to determine the fruit quality parameters such as sugar and carotenoid content as well as plant and fruit characteristics of 11 local watermelon genotypes from watermelon genetic resources collection of Cukurova University, Department of Horticulture. First and 50% male and female flowering period, main stem length, main stem diameter, number of nodes on main stem, total yield, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit rind thickness, total soluble solids (TSS), sugar and carotenoid contents were examined. Although there is no significant difference for main stem diameter and number of nodes on the main stem, significant differences were obtained for total yield, sugar and carotenoid composition of the genotypes. Carotenoid and sugar analysis were performed with a high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and HPLC coupled with refractive index detector (RID), respectively. In all studied genotypes, cis-13-lycopene and β-carotene were the most abundant compounds. As expected for watermelon genotypes, the main sugar found in all studied genotypes was fructose. According to PCA analyses, genotypes were characterized by physical and chemical composition. Overall evaluation of results revealed that Kar 147 had better potential with carotenoid, sugar contents and fruit characteristics.

Throughout the world, Pharmaceutical sector is an instant component in health-care systems. It involved in invention, improvement, propagation, and trading of medicines for human health and animal health. Scientific investigation is the base of pharmaceutical industries which helps to improve of new formulation of various drugs that used to treatment of different diseases and confusions. Proper personal hygiene is mandatory in pharmaceutical sector which will be helpful to control the quality of the products and minimize various types of filth that effects virtue of medicinal product. In pharmaceutical industry hygienic and safety measures are deliberated two utmost significant sights. To ensure the safety of workers, it is compulsory to fix practices of hygienic management and monitoring filth inside the biological and pharma laboratory as well as industry. This study will help to set an occupational health of the researchers, workers in laboratory by making intimation about the bad effects of personal hygiene and less protective management.

There are very few studies on cabbage at different fertigation levels in the Marmara Region, where this study was conducted. In this respect, our study has a unique quality. This study was carried out in Bursa Uludag University Yenisehir İbrahim Orhan College application greenhouses in 2014-2015 years. Five different irrigation treatments (T1: 100% (full irrigation), T2: 75%, T3: 50%, T4: 25%, T5: 0% (non-irrigated)) and two different fertigation treatments (F1.0: 100% (100:100:100 NPK fertigation and F0.5: 50% (50:50:50 NPK) fertigation) were combined together to determine the effects on yield and quality parameters of cabbages. The amount of irrigation water in 2014 and 2015 years varied between 0.0-620.0 mm and 0.0-660 mm, respectively, while evapotranspiration values varied between 150.0-700 mm and 180.0-710 mm, respectively. It was determined that irrigation water and fertigation levels, yield and quality parameters of cabbages were affected significantly. In both application years, the highest yield was obtained from T1F1.0 treatment as 73.2 and 68.4 tons ha-1 respectively, while the lowest yield was obtained from T5F1.0 treatment as 3.0 and 3.0 tons ha-1, respectively. In 2014 and 2015 years the crop response factor values of cabbage were calculated as 1.20-1.19 and 1.23-1.18, respectively. T2F1.0 and T2F0.5 treatments can be recommended as the most effective irrigation and fertilization levels of cabbage.

Bu çalışmada, tıbbi nitelik taşıdığı bilinen Achillea millefolium L. (Civanperçemi) bitkisinin besin elementi konsantrasyonlarının ve antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; Sivas ili Divriği ilçesinden toplandığı bilinen Civanperçemi bitkisinin makro ve mikro besin elementi konsantrasyonları ile su ekstresinin toplam antioksidan seviyesi (TAS), toplam oksidan seviyesi (TOS) ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Civanperçemi bitkisinin bazı makro ve mikro besin elementi konsantrasyonları bakımından yeter düzeyde olduğu, makro elementlerden azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca) ve magnezyum, mikro elementlerden demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), mangan (Mn) ve bakır (Cu) konsantrasyonlarının sırasıyla %1,01 N, %0,63 P, %2,43 K, %2,22 Ca, %0,70 Mg, 360,4 mg/kg Fe, 47,6 mg/kg Zn, 85,5 mg/kg Mn ve 28,3 mg/kg Cu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan potansiyelinin ise orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bitkinin oksidan kapasitesi ve oksidatif stres indeksi düşük olarak tespit edilmiştir.

In Ethiopia, maize is the second largest in production areas and first in its productivity but there are high yield gaps between the actual yield currently producing and the potential yield. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify factors that affecting maize production of smallholder farmers at the farm level in the Meta district in the east Hararge zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A two-stage random sampling technique was employed and a total of 200 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multiple linear regression models were used to analysis factors that affect maize production among smallholder farmers. The result showed that the production of maize was influenced by several factors. The coefficient provided that as the farmers obtained 1 dollar from non-farm activity, the maize production of farmers increased by 293.2 kg, keeping other factors constant. Thus, the farmers who had money from non-farm sources used as additional income to gain agricultural inputs for maize production and thus generate more maize quantity. The result was pointed out that the size of the cultivated areas of land had a positive influence on the quantity of maize production of farmers. The coefficient entailed that as the size of the cultivated areas of land increased by one hectare, the farmer’s quantity of maize production increased by 140.4 kg by keeping other factors constant. The result was also indicated that other factors being constant, the maize crop production of smallholder farmers of Meta district was decreased by 4 kg as Development Agent’s (DA’s) office distance increased by one minute. The possible explanation was that extension services were a critical source of information on agronomic practices. Therefore, policy makers should encourage the current maize production and supplying improved seed and chemical fertilizer which support to improve smallholder farm households’ welfare by increasing their sources of income.

‘Circular economy’ in agriculture centres on the production of agricultural commodities using a minimal amount of external inputs, closing nutrient loops and reducing negative discharges to the environment (in the form of wastes and emissions). This can be achieved through the (re)design of maintenance, repair, reuse, remanufacturing, refurbishing, and recycling. Under the principles of CE, products and materials approaching their end-of-life stage can be regenerated or restored or replaced. Circular agriculture is aimed at closing the loop of materials and substances, and reducing both resource use and discharges into the environment. New measures like environmental taxes, insurance for liability resulting from environmental damage, cap and trade system and environmental labelling can be explored to promote transition of a current linear model to a circular one. The circular economy in Nepal is in infant stage and there is plenty of works to be done in this sector. The results of the paper will be instrumental for the transition of Nepalese agricultural sector to a more circular one.

Bu çalışma ile Aydın ili Umurlu, Dalama ve Çakmar mahallelerinden seçilen üç zeytin bahçesinde Zeytin sineği (Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin)) (Diptera: Tephritidae)’ nin mevsim içinde ortaya çıkış zamanı, populasyon değişimi ve meyvelerdeki bulaşıklılık oranı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada her bir bahçeye birer adet %2 diamonyum fosfat içeren McPhail (McPhail) ve feromon kapsüllü görsel sarı yapışkan tuzak (feromon), ayrıca üçer adet içerisine amonyum asetat konulmuş epondorf tüplerin monte edildiği görsel sarı yapışkan tuzaklar (AA) asılmıştır. Çalışma 2009-2011 yılları arasında yürütülmüş ve tuzaklar haftalık olarak kontrol edilmiştir. Yapılan populasyon takibi çalışmaları sonucunda tuzaklarda ilk ergin sinekler genel olarak Ekim ayının ortalarında yakalanmış ve mevsim süresince devam etmiş ve Aralık ayının ortalarına doğru popülasyonun sıfır düzeyine indiği gözlemlenmiştir. Örnekleme alanlarında Zeytin sineği populasyonu çok düşük düzeylerde seyretmiştir. Ancak popülasyonun maksimuma ulaştığı 2009 yılında Umurlu’ daki bahçede daha yüksek bir popülasyon ortaya çıkmış ve 30 Ekim 2009 tarihinde feromon tuzakta 307,0 birey/tuzak birey saptanmıştır. Popülasyon düzeyleri aynı tarihte aynı bahçede McPhail tuzakta 70,0 birey/tuzak, AA tuzaklarda ise ortalama 51,3 birey/tuzak olarak belirlenmiştir. Meyvelerde en fazla bulaşıklılık oranı ise yine aynı yıl %17,2 olarak Umurlu’da bulunmuştur. Aynı tarihte Dalama ve Çakmar’daki bahçelerde de sırasıyla feromon tuzaklarda 45,0 birey/tuzak ve 3,0 birey/tuzak; McPhail tuzaklarda 8,0 birey/tuzak ve 1,0 birey/tuzak; AA tuzaklarda ise ortalama 4,7 birey/tuzak ve 0,3 birey/tuzak olarak belirlenmiştir. Dalama ve Çakmar’da en fazla vuruk oranları sırasıyla %8,9 ve %3,7 olmuştur. Çalışmadaki diğer yıllarda hem popülasyon hem de meyvelerdeki vuruk oranları çok düşük gerçekleşmiştir.

Nowadays, immediate environmental friendly solutions such as the use of biopesticides and other methods to control and manage pests are well needed. They are imperative due to the continuous accumulation of toxic residues from synthetic insecticides into the environment, the contamination of global agro-ecosystem and resistance of certain insects and pathogens. The global renewed interest of botanical pesticides does not leave aside Turkey. Thus, many environmental reports pointed out contaminations in different regions of Turkey by chemical pesticide residues, like lambda-cyhalothrin in some conventional grapes farming in the Aegean region. The use of botanical pesticides like Pyrethrin extracted from Pyrethrum’s flowers (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium) is part of sustainable agriculture goals to reduce the incidence of pests and diseases without any alteration to the natural balance. The purpose of this review is to analyse and identify the possibilities of Pyrethrum production in Turkey. Various research works around the world were compiled and some key informants were correlated to existing researches in Turkey. Subsequently, it was found that the Black-Sea region of Turkey has great potential in the growing and industrial production of Pyrethrum by its weather patterns (temperatures, pluviometry and humidity) and soil characteristics. The region has a similar climate with the East-African high-lands well-known for Pyrethrum production. Thus, the country has shown great technological advances and the capacity to produce vegetative and disease-free clones for other ornamental plants by using tissue culture techniques. Therefore, the multiplication of high-quality vegetative clones of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium and their maintenance can sustain commercial and long term production of Pyrethrum in Turkey.