This study was conducted on the Sinceri grape cultivar grown for both table and raisin (drying) purposes, in the 2021 growing season in Siirt/Türkiye. The primary objective was to create a microclimate within the vine canopy by installing net covers with different shading rates (35%, 55%, and 75%) during the veraison period, thereby delaying the harvest and obtaining high-quality, high-yield grapes. Regarding phenological development, the period between full bloom and harvest was the shortest under the 55% shading treatment, which also recorded the lowest mean temperature (28.54 °C) and the lowest Effective Heat Summation (EHS) value (1965.70 dd). The highest mean temperature (26.28 °C) was observed under the 75% shading treatment, while the highest EHS value (2401.05 dd) was recorded under the 35% shading treatment. In terms of yield compared to the control, the 35% shading treatment provided a 21.75% increase, the 55% treatment yielded a 57.44% increase, and the 75% treatment led to a 37.45% increase. Furthermore, it was determined that all shading treatments increased the macro- and micronutrient contents in grapevine leaves. Economic analyses for the Sinceri grape cultivar revealed that the shading treatments had a statistically significant effect on yield. In conclusion, the net cover with a 55% shading rate proved to be the most effective treatment.

Alpinia officinarum, which attracts attention with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is used in traditional medicine, especially to relieve stomach and digestive system disorders. Although many studies have revealed the various pharmacological effects of Alpinia officinarum, the effect of different ionic solvents on its biological activities has yet to be investigated. In this study, the effects of homogenization of Alpinia officinarum roots with potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), and phosphate (PBS) buffer solutions on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant were investigated. Alpinia officinarum plant was collected from the Adana region during the season, and fresh root parts were separated and analyzed. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of plant homogenates prepared with KCl, NaCl, and PBS were determined by spectrophotometric analysis. The highest MPO and CAT enzyme activities were observed in the KCl solution, while lower levels were observed in NaCl and PBS solutions, respectively. The highest MDA level was observed in the PBS solution. Moreover, SOD enzyme activity showed a decreasing trend in NaCl, KCl, and PBS solutions, respectively. These findings suggest that the biological activity of plant extracts may vary depending on the solvent used. Determination of the conditions under which the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Alpinia officinarum in different ionic solvents are the highest supports increasing the bioavailability of the plant.

The Seed Technology Division, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh carried out a lab experiment in 2020–2021 to find the best vermicompost treatment for enhancing seed germination and seedling emergence in an environment of drought stress. With 4 replications, the experiment used a 2-factorial completely randomized design. Five different amounts of priming were applied to onion seeds: hydropriming, 5% vermicompost priming (VCP), 10% VCP, 15% VCP, and untreated control. In addition, the onion seedlings were treated with 10% and 15% PEG, two different levels of drought stress. BARI Piaj-4 onion was the kind that was used. The findings demonstrated that, under drought-stressed situations, seed priming with vermicompost leach improved seed germination and seedling emergence percent. especially, the vermicompost leach at 10% under 10% PEG drought stress condition showed the best results in terms of promptness index (123), germination stress tolerance index (84.25%), seed germination (90%), seedling emergence percentage (81%), and seedling vigor index (614).

Plant phenolics and flavonoids function as antioxidants that act as scavengers of free radicals in the human body. This study aimed to determine the total phenolics and flavonoids contents, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), free radical scavenging ability, chlorophyll contents, and total amounts of carotenoids of six medicinal plants viz. Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze, Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug.DC., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob., Origanum vulgare L., and  Oxalis debilis Kunth. The results reveal that L. glutinosa has the maximum amount of total phenolic content (TPC) (1.906 mg GAE g-1 FW) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (13.933 mg QUE 100g-1 FW), while the lowest TPC (0.2803 mg GAE g-1  FW) was observed in O. vulgare and the least TFC (1.6 mg QUE 100g-1 FW), was observed in A. indica. The leaves of L. glutinosa showed excellent antioxidant properties (IC50 = 6.24 mg mL-1), and G. oppositifolius showed the least antioxidant potential (IC50 =18.423 mg mL-1). Pigment content such as chlorophyll-a was highest in E. prostrata (1.5963 mg g-1), while L. glutinosa has the highest chlorophyll-b (2.176 mg g-1 FW), chlorophyll-(a+b) (3.6157 mg g-1 FW), and carotenoids (1.61 µg 100g-1 FW) content. A strong linear correlation (DPPH, R2 = 0.8688, FRAP, R2 = 0.8595) was found between TPC and antioxidative capability. L. glutinosa contains significant amounts of phenols and flavonoids, which have antioxidant qualities, suggesting the possibility of using this species in phytotherapy and pharmacy.

Climate change has become one of the most important threats to worldwide agricultural production systems. This paper evaluates how Bangladesh, a prominent developing country in the low-lying Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, is susceptible to climate change and assesses present agricultural practices that target sustaining production under these threats. The study synthesizes the ongoing research findings of climatic change tendency, involving the rising of temperature, alteration of precipitation pattern, along with the onward frequency of extreme weather incidence and their complication to crop production. It discusses the key susceptibilities of Bangladesh’s crop sector, such as a shortage of irrigation water, the impact of rising temperatures, increasing sea levels and the loss of biodiversity. Moreover, the study explores the resilience strategies and measures adopted by farmers, policymakers and researchers to alleviate the hostile effect of climate change on crop production. With all these considerations, the paper aimed to analyse the current climate change trend, adverse effects to agricultural sectors and existing resilience practices in Bangladesh as well as future strategies against climate change.

Seed priming is a promising pre-sowing physiological treatment that utilizes a high osmotic potential solution and stores reserves in seed material to enhance germination. This study is aimed to investigate the influence of different seed priming methods in the germination and early seedling stages of cucumber. A completely random design (CRD) was used for the experiment, including six priming treatments, i.e., T1 (control), T2 (hydropriming), T3 (halopriming 0.5% NaCl), T4 (osmopriming 0.5% PEG), T5 (buffalo milk), and lastly T6 (cow urine). There was a significant effect of seed priming; the highest water imbibition was observed on halopriming (53.71%) and buffalo milk (53.53%); however, the highest germination percentage was observed in cow urine (93.75%), with the least mean germination time (3.65). The highest seedling length, root lengths, and shoot length were also observed on cow urine priming. The dry weight and moisture content were also observed to be highest in cow urine priming. Different priming techniques significantly impact cucumber seed germination and growth. Cow urine priming is the most effective, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly pre-sowing method for cucumber seedlings, benefiting farmers and promoting better germination without harming the environment.

Mevcut çalışma, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Onikişubat ilçesinde yetiştiricilik yapan 25 Kıl keçisi yetiştiricisinin gönüllü katılımıyla 2018 yılında 4867 baş teke altı keçi ve 230 baş damızlık teke ile başlatılmış ve çalışma beş yıl boyunca sürdürülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile halk elinde yetiştirilen Kıl keçilerinin döl verimi ve büyüme özellikleri bakımından ıslahı amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, keçilerde belirlenen döl verim kriterleri ile oğlakların doğum ağırlıkları, sütten kesim canlı ağırlıkları (90 gün), günlük canlı ağırlık kazançları ve yaşama gücü gibi büyüme özellikleri yıl bazında kaydedilmiştir. Her yıl sürüye eklenecek damızlık materyal seçimlerinde Kıl keçisi ırkına ait morfolojik özellikler ve oğlakların doğum ve sütten kesim ağırlıkları dikkate alınarak en iyi büyüme ve damızlık özelliği gösteren erkek oğlakların yaklaşık %10’u dişi oğlakların ise %50’si damızlık olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, yıllara göre doğum oranının %54,21 ile %76,93, ikizlik oranının %21,64 ile %27,19, oğlak veriminin %65,94 ile %94,66 ve doğum başına düşen oğlak sayısının 1,22 ile 1,27 arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kıl keçisi oğlaklarının yıllara göre doğum ağırlıkları 3,11 kg ile 3,19 kg, sütten kesim ağırlıkları 17,09 kg ile 18,63 kg, sütten kesime yaşına kadar günlük canlı ağırlık kazançları 154,63 ile 171,55 g ve yaşama gücünün %92,27 ile %95,34 arasında olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre oğlakların büyüme performansı (P<0,001) ve yaşama gücü değerlerinde çalışmanın başladığı yıla göre diğer yıllarda artışlar sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca, büyüme performansı ve yaşama gücü dikkate alındığında, cinsiyete ve doğum tipine bağlı olarak erkek ve tek doğan oğlakların sırasıyla dişi ve ikiz doğan oğlaklara kıyasla daha yüksek performans ve yaşama gücü değerleri sağladığı belirlenmiştir.

At the Jimma town’s Boye nursery site in southwest Ethiopia, three selected indigenous agroforestry tree species were the subject of a study to determine how their foliage litter materials broke down over time. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the study used a single exponential model to calculate the rate at which decomposing litter materials decayed and the litter chemical quality indices that were investigated. C. macrostachus had a rate constant of 0.0400 day-1, which was substantially faster than that of F. vata and E. abyssinica. It took 17.3 and 29.7 days, respectively, for F. vata and E. abyssinica to lose 50% of the initial dry matter. While nitrogen and phosphorus were found to be facilitators, the parameters of the chemical quality of the litter were found to be impeding biochemical parameters. The species with the fastest rate of nitrogen return in a short amount of time was found to be E. abyssinica, followed by C. macrostachus and F. vasta. C. macrostachus decomposes quickly, which may limit its ability to improve soil fertility over an extended period of time. It is important to take into account F. vasta and primarily E. abyssinica for the long-term accumulation of soil organic carbon.

Ruminant hayvanların beslenmesinde kullanılan rasyonlar belirli oranlarda kaba ve kesif yem içermelidir. Besin madde içeriği bakımından zengin olan kesif yemler genelde rasyon maliyetini artırmaktadır. Hayvancılık işletmelerinde bu yüksek maliyetten kurtulmak kaliteli kaba yem üretimine bağlıdır. Ülkemizde faaliyet gösteren hayvancılık işletmeleri yem (besleme) maliyetlerinin azaltılması ve ürün kalitesinin yükseltilmesi amacı ile farklı kaba yem arayışı içindedirler. Bu çalışmanın konusunu teşkil eden soya bitkisi, ruminant rasyonlarında hasıl veya silaj formunda kullanılma potansiyeli olan bir kaba yem türüdür. Bir baklagil yem bitkisi olan soya bitkisi protein içeriğinin yüksek olması (yaklaşık %20) ile kaba yem grubu yemler içinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Soya bitkisi bu özelliği ile ruminant rasyonlarında temel protein kaynağı olarak kullanılan bazı yem kaynaklarının bir kısmı yerine ikame edilebilmektedir. Nitekim bazı çalışmalarda soya silajının en kaliteli protein kaynağı olarak kabul edilen soya küspesinin yerine bile kısmen de olsa kullanılabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu derlemede soya bitkisinin ruminant rasyonlarında kaba yem kaynağı (hasıl ve silaj) olarak kullanılma potansiyeli hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the supplementation of defatted mealworm larvae meal fermented with probiotics to the diet of broilers reared under normal stocking density (NSD) and high stocking density (HSD) on the morphometric characteristics and mineral contents of tibia bone of broilers. A total of 450 one-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into six groups of similar mean weight, each containing five replicates. The experimental treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial design, incorporating two levels of stocking density (12 birds/m², designated as NSD, and 18 birds/m², designated as HSD) and three different diets in mash form: CONT- a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing no fermented defatted mealworm larvae meal (FDM) (0%); FDMLP- the diet obtained by supplementing defatted mealworm larvae meal (DM) fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum to the CONT diet (0.4%); FDMLB- the diet obtained by supplementing DM fermented with Lactobacillus brevis to the CONT diet (0.4%). HSD significantly aggravated the morphometric parameters (weight, length, weight/length index, diameter of diaphysis and medullary canal, tibiotarsal index and breaking strenght) and decreased mineralization (ash, Ca and P contents) of the tibia of broilers, whereas the FDMLP and FDMLB diets improved tibia mineralization and morphology except its medullary canal diameter and ribusticity index of broilers due to the results of enhanced mineral absorption. In conclusion, the use of FDMLP and FDMLB as new antibacterial feed additives in broiler diets regardless of stocking density was able to improve tibia mineralization and morphology except its medullary canal diameter and ribusticity index of broilers due to the results of enhanced mineral absorption.