In this study, which was performed on an over-grazing pasture in Şanlıurfa under the influence of a dry climate, the effects of different breeding methods such as natural(control), fertilization, insemination, fertilization+insemination+insemination+insemination + release on natural pastures were investigated. In order to increase the yield potential of Natural Pastures in the research area, manure, seedling, fertilization+seedling, fertilization+seedling+version methods were applied on both protected and grazing fields. Using the transect method, key plant species in the region were determined. As a result of the research, according to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in grazing area was 47.98 kg/da fertilized seedlings and the lowest yield was 21.40 kg/da natural (control) seedlings. According to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in the protected area was obtained from 171.29 kg/da manure, and the lowest value was obtained from 82.77 kg/da natural (control) pasture. According to the results of breeding methods applied in the field of research; in addition to protecting pasture areas, a suitable fertilization is required. In addition, it was concluded that the desired result could be achieved by making a regular grazing according to the rules of grazing amanjman.

Recently nanotechnology has become an integral part of modern biomedical applications. Accordingly, nanoparticles are considered as promising components for the development of innovative tags, probes, biosensors and carrier molecules for drug delivery. Spherical colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are prime candidates to be utilized for these purposes due to their useful physical properties. However, in order for the gold nanoparticles to be used in nanomedicine, their biological properties should be extensively studied as well. Therefore, in this paper we chemically synthesized gold nanoparticles and studied their physical and biological characteristics to determine their potential use in medicine. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) solution with sodium citrate. The physical properties of the AuNPs were determined by UV–vis spectrophotometer and Zetasizer readings. The antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized gold nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans were investigated via disk diffusion method. We found that the AuNPs were monodisperse, stable and not prone to aggregation with an average size of 22.12 nm and an emission band at 522 nm. The disk diffusion tests revealed that the gold nanoparticles did not have a significant growth inhibitory effect on the pathogens tested. In conclusion, here we showed the successful synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a safe and non-toxic method. Furthermore, our evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles suggests that these molecules could be considered as biologically safe molecules for future medical applications.

Vermicompost production and applications are increasing in our country recently. There are also many commercial products on the market. Vermicompost may act both as soil conditions and organic fertilizer. In addition to the effect of this product on improving the physical properties of the soil; the effect of plant growth on different plants should be studied. In this study conducted for this purpose; commercially produced radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. “Cherry Belle” was planted in growing medium mixed with different doses of vermicompost (0 - 2.5 – 5 – 10 %). In order to determine NPK and NPK + Fe. Zn fertilizer needs of the plants, these elements contained fertilizers were applied. According to the pot experiment results, important increases in some element contents and fresh root weights of radish plant were determined with increasing vermicompost applications. The average fresh root weight changed between 47.89-77.70 g pot-1. The average N concentration of in leaves and in roots changed between 3.09-4.69 % and 1.19-2.67 %, respectively. The K of in leaves and in roots changed between 1.27-1.46 % and 1.39-2.13 %, respectively, and the P concentration of in leaves and in roots changed between 0.46-0.50 % and 0.36-0.45 %, respectively. Application of vermicompost had statistically significant effect on growth of radish.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of biometric properties of Bafra sheep and lambs such as chest depth, chest width, chest circumference, rump height, height at withers, body length and body weight. Relationships were determined by Pearson correlation coefficient and Path analysis. As a result, it has been shown that biometric properties of Bafra sheep and lambs provide different results on live weight estimation. In addition, the relationships between biometric properties were not similar (r = -0.16).

Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde balık refahı ve çalışma kolaylığı açısından sentetik veya bitkisel kökenli anestezikler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, sentetik kökenli anesteziklerin balık vücudunda birikim yapması nedeni ile hem balık hem de tüketici sağlığını tehdit edebilmektedir. Dolayısıyla son yıllarda bitkisel kökenli anesteziklere olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Karanfil yağı su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde yapılan çalışmalarda sıklıkla kullanılan bitkisel bir anestezik maddedir. Literatürde karanfil haricinde farklı bitkisel kökenli esansiyel yağların balıklar üzerindeki anestezik etkilerinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu yağlardan birisi de kişniş otu (Coriandrum sativum) yağıdır. Kişniş otu ana bileşen olarak %50-70 oranlarında anestezi özelliği gösteren linalol etken maddesini içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, bitkisel anestezik olarak kişniş otu yağının su ürünlerinde kullanılabilirliği değerlendirilmiştir.

The objective of this study was to develop and characterize a pH indicator based on chitosan (C) and starch (S) including anthocyanins from eggplant to indicate food quality changes through the detection of changes in the pH of packaged food products. Anthocyanins were extracted with solvents including ethanol and water (7:3, V:V) (EgP-E) and water (EgP-W) in acidic pH. The pH indicator films were obtained incorporating anthocyanin as 1.5 g extract/100 g film solution. The optical, mechanical and water vapor permeability properties were used to characterize the pH indicator films. The total monomeric anthocyanin content and phenolic content of extract solutions were also determined. Color variations of pH indicator films were measured by a colorimeter after immersion in different pH buffers (pH 2.0–10.0). Initially, dried C films and S based films were observed in a violet color and a magenta color, respectively. C and S films with anthocyanins showed color variations from pink (in acidic pH) to bluish-green (in neutral pH) and to violet (in basic pH) in different pH values. The water vapor permeability of films with anthocyanins was higher than films without anthocyanins. Additionally, C and S based films including anthocyanins extracted with water showed better permeability values. C:EgP-W and S:EgP-W films presented higher elasticity values when compared with films including ethanolic extracts (p

Bu çalışma, Sinop ili Erfelek ilçesinde bulunan Gümüşsuyu Göleti’nin su kalitesi ve kirliliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, su kalitesini belirlemede kullanılan fiziksel ve kimyasal su parametreleri, Nisan 2018 – Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında aylık olarak alınan su örneklerinden ölçülmüştür. Bu ölçümler, Gümüşsuyu Göleti’nin bütününü temsil eden dört istasyon için yapılmıştır. İstasyonlar, Gümüşsuyu Göleti’nin doğusu, kuzeybatısı (en derin yeri), güneyi ve batısı olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışma süresince, belirlenen bu dört istasyondan ayda bir su numuneleri alınmış ve elde edilen on iki aylık ortalama değerler (genel ortalama, standart sapma, mevsimsel ortalama) incelenmiştir. Bu dört istasyondan alınan su örneklerinde su kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla çözünmüş oksijen (mg/L), pH, sıcaklık (oC), tuzluluk (ppt), demir (µg/L), kurşun (µg/L), bakır (µg/L), kadmiyum (µg/L), civa (µg/L), nikel (µg/L), ve çinko (µg/L) parametrelerinin analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, ölçülen su kalitesi parametrelerinin yıllık ortalama değerlerinin istatistiksel verileri mevsimsel olarak da karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Gümüşsuyu Göleti’nin, Yüzey Suları Su Kalitesi Yönetim Yönetmeliği’ne göre II. sınıf su kalitesine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, gölette herhangi bir kirlilik problemi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ancak, gölet suyu çok sert sular sınıfına girmekle birlikte, yetiştiricilik açısından bu durumun bir sakıncası bulunmamaktadır. Tüm sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde göletin, alabalık gibi soğuk su türlerinin yetiştiriciliği için uygun olabileceği önerilmektedir.

Fish is an important food source for human health. Despite being surrounded on three sides by seas, fish demand is not enough demand in Turkey. The demand for a good is determined by many factors, especially the income of consumer and price of an item. In Kastamonu city centre with a population of 128.537, a questionnaire is applied to determine the consumption and frequency of fish consumption. According to the survey results, the consumption of fish in Kastamonu city centre is not at a desirable level. Although the price of fish is lower than that of red meat, it is not preferred by the low-income group. Most fish consumption is carried out by those with high-income levels.

In this study, it was aimed to determine there and fecundity by adapting crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) obtained from Bafra Fish Lakes (Ulugöl-Samsun) in culture conditions. Crayfish obtained in November 2016 were stocked in tanks and egg and morphometric characteristics of female crayfish with carrying eggs were determined. Correlation analysis were used for the relationship between the determined parameters. The mean total weight and total length of crayfish were 41.79±3.00g, 10.72±0.22cm, respectively whereas the mean number and diameter of eggs were 156.40±33.24 and 2.50±0.12mm. There were positive strong relationship between total length and total weight of crayfish negative relationship was found between egg diameter and total number of eggs, egg diameter and total weight of eggs and egg diameter and number of eggs for per unit of live weight.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a vegetable that is known to be medically beneficial and has been around since the past in the world cuisine. The unique taste and smell of garlic affects its raw consumption negatively. One of the functional uses of garlic, ‘black garlic’ is produced by fermenting white garlic under certain temperature and humidity conditions. Thus, the bitter taste and smell of garlic disappears and also changes occur in its nutritional value. Studies show that black garlic has anticancer, antitumor, antiallergic and antimicrobial effects. It also plays protective and therapeutic role against diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases. This product, which is new for many countries, is not well known and consumed in our country too. In this study, the bioavailability of black garlic was highlighted and information was given about its production and antioxidant activity.