In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effect of temperature and humidity values provided by the semi-open and closed barns in the winter season on milk yield and components and the somatic cell count (SCC) level in milk in Anatolian buffaloes, and for this purpose, to compare both barn types and to reveal their suitability for buffalo breeding. In the study, temperature and humidity values were determined between December 2020 and March 2021 in two types of barns with similar feeding conditions in Bafra district, Samsun, and milk samples taken from buffaloes raised in these barns were analyzed. Temperature Humidity Index (THI) values were determined as 61,09±0,211 and 51.08±0.173 for the closed and semi-open barn type, respectively. In the study, in which the type of barn and therefore the temperature and humidity values provided in the barn environment did not affect the amount of milk yield, the milk fat ratio was determined as 8.89±0.227% and 8.16±0.176% for closed and semi-open barns, respectively. While other milk components were not affected by the barn conditions, the logSCC of milk was lower (4.54±0.071) in the closed barns when compared to the semi-open barns (4.73±0.044). Although no statistical difference was determined in the other milk parameters discussed, it was noted that there is an increasing tendency in the closed barns. It was observed that the changes in temperature and humidity values in both barn environments during the period caused nonlinear changes in milk composition. While indoor conditions were more effective on solids-non-fat (SNF), protein and lactose in the closed barn, the highest effect was on the fat ratio and logSCC in the semi-open barns. As a result, it can be said that both types of barns can be used in buffalo breeding since there is no significant difference in milk yield and other components, although there is a slight difference in milk fat ratio and logSCC level in closed and semi-open barns of Anatolian buffaloes in the climatic conditions of the region where the study was conducted.

Molecular hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, flammable, and diatomic gas. Molecular hydrogen is dissolved directly in water to be used in the form of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) to keep the freshness of fruits and vegetables. The shelf-life of the product was increased and the quality attributes were maintained when hydrogen was applied to some food products such as milk, tea, and fruit juices. Some grain products and greens grew rapidly and their antioxidant substance levels increased when they were supplied with hydrogen-rich water. Molecular hydrogen has shown an important application in food drying in recent years, was used especially in reducing atmosphere drying (RAD) technology. Few studies have been conducted on the use of molecular hydrogen in food products. Due to its various positive effects, the use of molecular hydrogen in the food industries using different techniques and processes could be encouraged by the presence review

There is an expanding interest in medicinal and aromatic plants as a natural alternative to synthetic drugs, especially to antimicrobial agents due to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. In recent years, a lot of reports have been published on the antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts. This study was used Lavandula angustifolia L., Mentha piperita L., and Ribes nigrum L. as plant materials. This study aims to test the plant extracts against oral bacteria. Its purpose is to produce directly comparable, quantitative, antimicrobial data, and in addition to containing very little information of the different extracts against oral pathogens. Disc diffusion method was studied for antimicrobial activity tests. Also, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined in this study. Additionally, the extracts were tested against stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate• (DPPH•) free radicals for non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. This study was used Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetra-methyl chroman-2-carboxylic acid) as standard. The extracts showed different inhibition zones against bacteria. The methanol extract of Lavandula showed the highest inhibition zone against the oral pathogen MBKK5. The positive control was penicillin (10 μg). The lowest MIC value was taken at 6500 μg /ml concentration of the plant extracts. The highest DPPH• radical scavenging activity was found in Ribes nigrum extract as 36%. As a result, plant extracts have antibacterial and antioxidant potential.

A total of 432, ISA Brown growing pullets were used to evaluate the effects of feeding diets containing Turmeric, Clove and Turmeric + Clove on growth performance and intestinal morphology. The birds were divided into 36 groups of 12 each weighed and allotted into experimental units. A total of nine experimental diets were formulated such that they contained 0, 1 and 2% turmeric, 0, 1 and 2% clove, and 0, 1 and 2% turmeric + clove combination on a 1:1 basis, respectively, in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (turmeric × clove × turmeric + clove: 0 × 1 × 2), replicated four times. The birds were weighed weekly to determine their body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. At the end of the experiment, 27 birds were sacrificed, and the duodenum, jejunum and ileum segments of the gastro intestinal tract were removed for gut histo-morphometry. Results showed that level of inclusion of feed additives significantly influenced feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed 1 and 2% inclusion of feed additive had reduced feed intake and lower FCR value when compared to higher FI and FCR values recorded in birds fed 0% inclusion of additives. Duodenal, jejunal and ilea morphology were significantly influenced by turmeric, clove, turmeric + clove, inclusion levels and treatment interaction. Birds fed diet containing turmeric + clove have significantly longer duodenal and jejunal villi as well as best duodenal and jejunal villus height: crypt depth ratio. It was concluded that up to 2% turmeric and turmeric + clove can be included in growing pullet’s diet for improved performance. Inclusion of turmeric, clove and turmeric + clove improved morphological changes in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of birds which might influence nutrient absorption and thus, improved FCR.

A myriad of health claims are being made in favor of the consumption of green tea due to its easy availability and greater popularity. On the contrary, certain health risks of excessive green tea consumption have begun to emerge. The aim of the present research was to observe the baleful effects of excessive green tea intake on hematological parameter and histoarchitecture of liver. A total of thirty (n=30) Swiss albino mice were taken and randomly divided into Control C, Treated T1, and Treated T2 groups. Each group consisted of ten (5 male+5 female) mice. The Control C group was fed with normal mice pellet and water (3ml/mice) orally but the treated T1 group was supplied mice pellet with 2ml/mice of green tea+1ml/mice of water orally as well as treated T2 group was given mice pellet and 3ml/mice of green tea orally two times in a day for 60 days. After the experimental tenure, mice of each group were sacrificed ethically and samples (Blood, liver and lungs) were collected for further hematological and histomorphological studies. Treated T2 group of mice were motionless (inactive and stagnant). Anatomopathologically, the liver surface became dark red in color with considerable hepatomegaly and mild hemorrhage also found on lung surface. Histologically, mild central vein congestion and severe venous congestion with dilation were found in the portal vein of the liver of the treated T2 group of mice. Hematologically, hemoglobin level significantly reduced in the treated T2 group of mice than the others. Within this experimental period, female mice of each group gave birth (15-18 pups) that were devoid of any abnormality. Therefore, it can be concluded that excessive green tea intake in a day might have baleful effects on hematological parameter (Hb concentration) and histoarchitechture of liver in Swiss albino mice.

The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of pre-starter feed prepared using different sugar sources on the performance, carcass parameters, internal organs and intestinal development, microbial load in broilers. In total, 360 newly hatched chicks divided into 4 treatment groups with 5 replicates. 18 chicks with similar live weights (9 male, 9 female) were used for each replicate. Control or pre-starter feeds (containing %14 saccharose, %14 dextrose, or %7 saccharose+ %7 dextrose) were used for the feeding of the groups. For the feeding of the control group, standard chick starter feed was used for the first 5 days; for the treatment groups, the pre-starter feeds prepared were used. For the rest of the trial period, all groups were subjected to standard feeding. A significant difference was observed among groups with regards to live weight gain and feed conversion rate during the first four weeks of the study; however, this effect disappeared over the last week. In addition, it was determined that any differences observed with regards to carcass parameters other than hot and cold carcass weights, internal organ development aside from proventriculus, intestinal development and microbial load were not significant. It was concluded that the pre-starter feed prepared with saccharose and/or dextrose did not show the expected effect

Bu araştırma; arıtılmış atık su ve stabilize kent çamurunun jipsle birlikte uygulandığı tuzlu sodyumlu bir toprağın farklı ıslanma - kuruma döngüleri altında hidrolik iletkenliğindeki değişimin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırma; tam şansa bağlı faktöriyel deneme deseninde, 3 arıtma çamurun dozu (50, 100 ve 150 t/ha), 3 ıslanma kuruma döngüsü (0, 7 ve 14 gün) ve 2 su tipi (temiz su ve arıtılmış atık su) ile 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik değerleri sabit seviyeli ICW laboratuvar permeametresi kullanılarak 2, 12 ve 24 saat aralıklarla ölçülmüştür. Toprağın suya doygun olduğu koşullarda, toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik değerleri sabit seviyeli ICW laboratuvar permeametresi kullanılarak, doygun koşullarda farklı sürelerle (2, 12 ve 24 saat) ölçülmüştür. Kullanılan su özelliklerine bağlı olarak hidrolik iletkenlikteki (2 ve 24 saat) değişim önemli bulunmuştur. Uygulanan arıtma çamuru dozu artışı, toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik değerini önemli ölçüde, ölçüm aralığına bağlı olarak ise çok önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Kullanılan su tiplerine göre hidrolik iletkenlikteki değişim (2 ve 24 saat) önemli olurken, arıtma çamuru dozu artışıyla toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik içinde ölçüm süresine bağlı olarak önemli ve çok önemli değişimler tespit edilmiştir. Yani stabilize atık çamurunun karıştırılmasıyla normal sulama suyu ve arıtılmış atık su uygulamalarının toprakların hidrolik iletkenlik değerlerinde artışa neden olacağı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar; arıtma tesislerin katı ve sıvı atıkların tuzlu sodyumlu topraklara uygulanarak bertarafının atık yönetimi ve çevre koruma açısından katkıları önemli olacaktır.

Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. Italica) belongs to the family cruciferae which is mainly used as vegetable at its tender stage. The study was conducted to evaluate the morphological, phenological, head and yield traits of broccoli genotypes at Karma Innovative Research and Development Stations of Kathmandu, Kavre and Kaski district of Nepal from September 2019 to March 2020. The experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications at each location. Genotypes, location and interaction between them showed significant variation on almost all parameters. BL-17001, BL-18012 and Centauro genotypes were observed with no lateral heads, which means low yield than other varieties. BL-16003 was observed with maximum yield (1.0 kg/plant at Kathmandu and kavre and 0.9 kg/plant at Kaski) at all locations comparing to other genotypes. Among high-yielding genotypes (BL-16003 and BL-18009) BL-16003 found as early maturing and also had lateral heads so, it can also be used for multi-harvesting. In addition, the height of this genotype was in the lower range with highest number of leaves. Thus, BL-16003 is found as the promising genotype at all localities.

This study investigated the reproductive performance, lamb survivability, and growing performance of Morkaraman ewes, the estrus of which was induced by natural and synthetic progesterone and which were inseminated by laparoscopic technique at the end of the mating season (December). In the study, 5 different estrus synchronization methods (CIDR, Crestar, Natural progesterone, Cronolone and MAP), 100 Morkaraman ewes, and lambs born to them were used. After the completion of the estrus synchronization methods, the first sign of estrus was detected earliest in the natural progesterone group (39.53±1.87 hours), and there was a significant difference between the natural progesterone and vaginal sponges containing MAP and Cronolone concerning the time to the first hour of estrus. Estrus rates were found significantly different across the study groups, with the shortest time to estrus having been achieved by MAP. The lambing rates for CIDR, Cronolone, Natural progesterone, MAP, and Crestar groups were 74%, 61%, 56%, 33%, and 10%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups concerning birth weight, weight at various periods, and survivability of lambs although a significant difference was found in their weaning weight.

In this study conducted to investigate the effect of breeding flock age on the fattening performance and carcass characteristics of broilers, Ross-308 chicks obtained from the eggs of breeding in three different age groups; young (30 weeks old), middle (47 weeks old), and old (59 weeks old) were used. For this purpose, three different treatment groups and three replications in each treatment group were formed depending on the breeder age in the experiment. In the study, 30 chicks in each replication, 90 chicks in each treatment group and 270 chicks in total were used. At the initial and the end of the experiment, the differences observed between the treatment groups in terms of live weight were found to be significant. It was determined that chick live weights per trial increased with increasing flock age (P0.05). As a result, although chicks obtained from old flocks had higher live weight at the beginning of the experiment, the effect of flock age on fattening performance and carcass parameters was eliminated at the end of the experiment and showed similar values with the chicks obtained from medium and young flocks.