Yumurta her toplumda ve yaş grubunda severek tüketilen besin değeri yüksek bir gıda maddesidir. Yumurta ve yumurta ürünlerinin gıda endüstrisinde yaygın kullanımı insan sağlığı açısından tüketim süresi yanında hijyenik kaliteyi de ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Gıda kaynaklı zehirlenmelere, hastalıklara ve hatta ölümlere kadar giden vakalarda özellikle salmonelloz salgınlarının yarıya yakını yumurta ve yumurta ürünleri tüketimi ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Diğer taraftan kabuklu yumurtanın tüketim süresini belirleyen iç ve dış kalitesinin korunması gıda kaybı ve atık miktarlarının azaltılması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sofralık yumurtalarda depolama süresini/raf ömrünü uzatmak amacıyla yumurtaların yağ veya mum içeren çözeltilerle kaplanması çok eski zamanlardan beri uygulanan bir yöntemdir. Günümüzde yenilebilir film veya kaplamalar olarak adlandırılan bu yöntemde amaç yumurtanın iç ve dış kalitesi ile mikrobiyolojik kalitesini koruyarak raf ömrünü uzatmak, ayrıca yumurta kabuğunun mukavemetine de katkı sağlamaktır. Bu derlemede, sofralık yumurtaların kaplanmasında kullanılan protein, lipit ve polisakkarit bazlı biyomoleküller özetlenerek olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerine vurgu yapılmıştır.

Polyphenols are plant-sourced compounds that exhibit important dietary features on human health. They have been defined and used either as a food source or as a raw material in the food industry to enhance functional properties and nutritional quality. They have significant positive bioactivities as; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, cardiovascular health protection, immune supporter, and also benefits on digestion and brain functioning. The effects and bioactivity ranges were studied in the literature which has been discussed in the review to emphasize the importance of these natural compounds to provide insight into health and well-being.

Growth regulators such as Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) are generally used to promote root formation of rose cuttings. However, today, within the scope of sustainable agricultural practices, research studies of new materials and methods alternative to synthetic chemicals in the plant production process are gaining momentum. At the beginning of such alternative applications are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and mycorrhizal fungi, which are increasingly used today, promoting plant growth. In this study, Bacillus cereus (ZE-7), Pseudomonas putida (ZE-12) rhizobacteria and mycorrhiza (6000 ppm) were applied to 12-15 cm long softwood rose cuttings. The softwood cuttings were kept in the mycorrhiza suspension for 10 seconds and in the rhizobacteria suspension for 30 minutes and then planted in the rooting medium. In the study, in order to determine the effects of applications on steel root development; rooting rate (%), callus rate (%), decay rate (%), root number (number) and root length (cm) parameters were examined. In the results of working; the highest rooting rate (19.44%), the highest callus rate (38.89%) and the highest number of roots (8.64 units) were obtained in ZE-12 treated cuttings. In particular, rhizobacteria application showed a high effect on reducing the rate of decay in steels. The lowest decay rate in the steels was obtained from the ZE-7 bacterial strain application (8.33%) compared to the control (38.89%). As a result, it was concluded that mycorrhiza and rhizobacteria applications can be applied to rose cuttings and these applications as an alternative to IBA in rooting.

Son yıllarda sürdürülebilirliğin bir bileşeni olan sorumlu tüketim kapsamında sade yaşam tarzı ve kuşaklar arasındaki farklılıklar ilgi konusu olmuştur. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçlarına hizmet eden sorumlu tüketim bağlamında gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı bir toplumun yapısı hakkında bilgi verme adına önemlidir. Her ne kadar gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı toplumsal yapı hakkında bilgi vermekle birlikte kuşaklardaki farklılaşmalar gönüllü sade yaşam tarzlarını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, X, Y ve Z kuşaklarına göre gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı arasındaki farklılıkları analiz etmektir. Çalışmada 21 maddeden oluşan Gönüllü Sade Yaşam Ölçeği ve 6 adet sosyo-demografik sorular kullanılarak yüz yüze ve sosyal medya aracılığı ile Türkiye-Sivas ilindeki 414 kişiden anket yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Kuşaklar ile gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı arasındaki farklılığın anlamlılığını test etmek için Kruskal Wallis Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, X kuşağı gönüllü sade yaşam tarzını Y ve Z kuşaklarına göre daha çok benimsediği anlaşılmıştır. Buna benzer olarak Y ve Z kuşağı karşılaştırıldığında ise Y kuşağının Z kuşağına göre gönüllü sade yaşam tarzını benimsediği ortaya konuldu. Sonuç olarak X ve Y kuşağının gönüllü sade yaşama daha duyarlı olmasının nedeni tarihsel arka planındaki toplumsal sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmış olması, zor zamanlarda yetişmiş olmaları ve hayat tecrübelerinin Z kuşağına göre fazla olması ile ilgili olarak açıklanabilir.

Changes in the landscape become extremely destructive and many heritage values and resources are irreversibly lost. The speed, frequency and magnitude of these changes in the landscape increased in the second half of the 20th century, especially with the impact of human activities. Remote sensing is the most widely used method for determining the change in the landscape. In the research, MNDWI, NDVI and NDMI techniques, which are frequently applied in remote sensing, were used in order to determine the landscape change in Salt Lake. Thus, the changes in the built area, water surface and land cover between the years 2000-2020 in Salt Lake were determined. According to the MNDWI and NDMI Analysis results, a decrease was observed in the water surface width and moisture content in Salt Lake between 2000 and 2020. In the steppe areas south of Salt Lake, the increase in tree cover due to the change in land use type was determined by NDVI analysis. Therefore, it is possible to say that there is an increase in the amount of moisture in these areas. In addition, it was determined that the increase in agricultural activities in the region caused a change in land use types and the amount of green space in the region changed at this rate. With the mentioned methods, negative changes in the landscape as a result of human activities on the landscape can be determined practically. Thus, it will be possible to predict the negative consequences of climate change and take precautions.

Healthy life in a sustainable environment is possible with accessible food production. The Covid-19 epidemic is a serious threat worldwide. This epidemic has revealed the importance of agricultural products. One of the most important areas of the epidemic affecting the whole world is exports; however, increased demand for agricultural products and exports in the epidemic process in Turkey. Turkey has a say in the trade of seedless dried grapes in the world. Seedless dried grape is on the healthy products list of the WHO. In 2019/2020, it had a share of 36% of world exports (with 246 thousand tons of export). This study was performed to evaluate their thoughts and farmers’ problems with the adoption of organic farming in Besni district of Adıyaman. The research conducted in-depth interviews with the farmers producing organic grapes. Also, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 50 farmers. According to the findings, the land width of the farmers is not much. It has an average growing area of 37.52 decares. An average yield of 1.808 kg da-1 is obtained from this area. Serious differences have been found between conventional and organic farming. Moreover, government supports, high product prices, income, health, sustainability, and environmental protection are reasons farmers switch to organic farming.  However, farmers argue that organic farming is less costly than conventional farming. Access to chemicals and marketing are major problems. As a result, farmers should be informed about organic farming. Additionally, it is thought that these studies will increase the productivity and product quality of the farmers. It is predicted that it will prevent rural to urban migration in the region.

The aim of this study was to determine the fertility, herd life and milk yield characteristics of Simmental (SIM) cows of Austrian origin, which have increased the interest of cattle breeders in Türkiye in recent years. From the records of the farm between 2011 and 2021, the first calving age (FCA), calving interval (CI), herd life (HL), productive life (PL), lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY) and 305 days milk yield (305-dMY) were calculated. A total of 307 FCA, 619 CI, 212 HL and PL, 447 LL, 271 LMY and 497 305-dMY data were used. The means of FCA, CI, HL, PL, LL, LMY and 305-dMY for SIM cows were 842.35±5.30 days (28.1 months), 422.98±3.18 days, 75.48±1.72 months, 47.15±1.73 months, 363.52±3.52 days, 10,596±152 kg and 8647.0±58.0 kg, respectively. Based on the long FCA and CI averages of Austrian-origin SIM cattle, although it can be interpreted that there are some problems in terms of reproductive efficiency in the farm, finding long HL and PL and high milk yield, it can be said that the farm contributes to the increase of milk yield per cow by turning the negativity caused by the reproductive efficiency into an advantage.

In recent years, intensive legal regulations aimed at the production of urban areas in Türkiye, the phenomenon of migration, the spread of higher education, abnormal cost increases in agricultural activities have accelerated urbanization. Parallel to the increase in the urban population, the food supply remains insufficient. The inability to increase the production of food products brings with it problems such as malnutrition, inflation, foreign trade deficit, food security. The natural areas harbored by rural and urban areas are shrinking and being destroyed by the pressure of rapid urbanization. In addition to the abandonment of rural areas, the food crisis that has arisen as a result of the intervention of the urbanization process in agricultural areas has increased the responsibility of the central government and municipalities. In order to meet the food needs of the population and implement sustainable agricultural policies, municipalities are taking different and innovative approaches. Municipalities are making direct and indirect attempts to provide people with cheap and reliable food. In this study, the activities carried out by the municipalities in Türkiye to support sustainable agriculture and their economic and social effects were examined.

Bu çalışmada yetiştirici sürülerinde verim kayıtlarının tutulması, bu kayıtların değerlendirilmesi ile canlı ağırlık ve döl veriminin iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yıllara göre (2017-2021) değişmekle birlikte toplam 6300 baş sayısını geçmeyecek hayvan materyali ile çalışılmıştır. Sürülerde doğum ağırlıkları ve sütten kesim (90.gün) ağırlıkları kayıt altına alınmıştır. Doğum ağırlığı 5 yıllık süreçte ortalama 2.69 kg olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Yıllar itibari ile doğum ağırlığı sırasıyla 2,99, 2,71, 2,61, 2,76 ve 2,69 kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Doğum ağırlığı ortalamaları, yıl, ana yaşı, doğum şekli ve cinsiyete göre değişkenlik göstermektedir (P<0,01). Sütten kesim ağırlığı ortalaması ise 20.91 kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sütten kesim ağırlığı ortalamaları da yıl, ana yaşı, doğum şekli ve cinsiyete göre değişkenlik göstermektedir (P<0,01). Kuzulama oranı ortalama %86 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Teke altı keçi başına doğan oğlak sayısı 0,83'dur. Doğuran keçi başına düşen oğlak sayısı yıllar itibari ile artış göstermiş ve ortalama 1,05 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Kısırlık oranı ise %20 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yaşama gücü ortalaması %93 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak yıllar itibariyle sürülerde sütten kesim ağırlığı ve döl verimi bakımından iyileşmeler olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.

In this study, 34 molds showing pectin degradation activity were isolated from the soil of orchards, by several tests.  By using these isolates, pectinase group enzymes; studies on pectin lyase and polygalacturonase production were performed in the batch system and under non-sterile culture conditions. 5 isolates denoting polygalacturonase activity were coded as: T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and the best polygalacturonase activity among these isolates was determined as 354.4 U/L in T4 isolate. Thus, optimization analyses continued by the use of this isolate. Initial apricot pulp concentration, temperature, pH and incubation period were tested as optimization parameters. The effects on enzyme activities were investigated by changing the initial apricot pulp concentration in the range of 5-100 (g/L), and in this regard, polygalacturonase activity was determined as 397.4 U/L at 50 g/L. In addition, the pH parameter was analyzed in each unit between pH = 3 – 8, and the temperature was tested by increasing 5 units in the range of 5-25°C. Consequently, the maximum polygalacturonase activity was determined as 405.7 U/L at pH 5 and 406.3 U/L at 15°C. Besides, the effect of the incubation period was studied within 1-5 days and the maximum polygalacturonase activity was determined as 429.0 U/L on the 4th day (after 96 hours). As a result, the above-mentioned T4 isolate, with which the optimization studies were conducted, was identified as Sarocladium strictum (Top ekinküfü) T4 by molecular methods.