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Göçmen Peyniri Üretiminde Reçete Standardizasyonu, Mikrobiyolojik Kalite ve Duyusal Özelliklerin Değerlendirilmesi Texto completo
2024
Derya Saygılı | Onur Özden
Bu çalışmanın amacı, İzmir ili merkez ilçelerinde üretilen Göçmen peyniri üretiminde standart reçetelerin tanımlanmasıdır. Bu amaçla ürünlerin mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal özellikleri değerlendirilerek tüketici profiline hitap eden ve endüstriyel üretime adapte edilecek en uygun standart reçetenin tanımlanması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmada Balkan göçmeni bireylerden toplanan tarifler değerlendirilerek üretilen 4 farklı ürün için standart reçete çalışması yanı sıra duyusal analiz ve mikrobiyolojik analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Lor, Yoğurt, Lor-yoğurt ve Lor-süt şeklinde üretilen ürünlerde tat, koku, kıvam ve genel beğeni özellikleri hedonik skala (1-9) ile değerlendirilmiş ve genel beğeni puanı ortalaması sırası ile 7,63; 4,32; 6,63 ve 7,84 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Benzer şekilde Lor, Yoğurt, Lor-yoğurt ve Lor-süt ile üretilen geleneksel ürünlerde Lactobacillus spp.sayısı sırası ile 8,18; 6,11; 6,41 ve 7,34 kob/g; Laktokok sayısı sırası ile 7,44; 7,51; 7,35 ve 7,36 kob/g ve maya-küf sayısı sırası ile 4,41; 5,61; 4,71 ve 2,85 kob/g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Lor, Yoğurt, Lor-yoğurt ve Lor-süt ile üretilen geleneksel ürünlerde Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) sayısı sırası ile 2,06; ˂10; 3,78 ve 2,58 kob/g olarak tespit edilmiştir. Escherichia coli (E.coli) aranan tüm örneklerde ˂10 kob/g olarak bildirilmiştir. Geleneksel ürünler içerisinde fermente süt ürünü olarak önemli olan göçmen peyniri Balkan topraklarından Anadolu’ya taşınan bir kültürel mirastır. Toplumları yansıtan yemek kültürüne sahip çıkmak, gelecek nesillere aktarılmasını sağlamak, gastronomi turizmini canlandırmak amacı ile standart reçete çalışmalarının yerel lezzetler üzerine yoğunlaşması önem arz etmektedir.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The Effects of Acorn Flour on Some Quality Characteristics of Chicken Patties Texto completo
2024
Eylem Ezgi Fadıloğlu | Haluk Ergezer
The Effects of Acorn Flour on Some Quality Characteristics of Chicken Patties Texto completo
2024
Eylem Ezgi Fadıloğlu | Haluk Ergezer
The study was carried out to develop chicken patties by incorporating acorn flour as a meat replacer at 3%, 6%, and 9% levels in the formulation. For this purpose, the chemical (moisture, protein, fat, ash), pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and color analyses in the raw and cooked chicken patties were analyzed. In addition, the cooking properties (cooking yield, diameter reduction, thickness reduction), functional properties (moisture and fat retention) and sensory properties were examined on cooked chicken patties. There were significant changes in the chemical, cooking, functional, and color properties of chicken patties with acorn flour. The moisture and protein values decreased, in both raw and cooked samples incorporated with acorn flour but fat level increased only in raw acorn flour added samples. Lightness (L*) and redness (a*) values decreased significantly. The addition of acorn flour caused an increase in b* values of raw samples and a decrease in cooked samples. Acorn flour was not effective in preventing lipid oxidation. The addition of acorn flour contents in chicken patties improved functional and cooking properties, decreased cooking loss, and increased moisture and fat retention. The use of acorn flour improved the quality parameters of patties, but the addition of acorn flour resulted in a darker color in patties. The use of acorn flour in chicken meatballs did not negatively affect sensory properties except color. In conclusion, acorn flour can be used as a filler and binder in chicken patties.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Formas de carbono orgánico en suelos con diferentes usos en el departamento del Magdalena (Colombia) Texto completo
2011
Menjivar Flores Juan Carlos | Macías Vázquez Felipe | Vásquez Polo José Rafael
Las fracciones de materia orgánica del suelo (MOS) lábiles y humificadas pueden ser afectadas por las prácticas de uso y manejo; sin embargo el impacto de estos cambios no se ha evaluado en suelos y ambientes tropicales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los contenidos y algunas formas de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) en cinco zonas de clima cálido tropical (0 - 1110 m.s.n.m.) del departamento del Magdalena (Colombia) y el efecto que sobre ellas han tenido las prácticas asociadas a suelos cultivados con café (<em>Coffea arabica</em>), banano (<em>Musa</em> sp.), palma africana (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) y sábila (<em>Aloe vera</em>), comparados con suelos de bosques naturales. No se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05) tanto entre zonas como entre usos del suelo, se presentaron valores medios a bajos de MOS en las zonas de estudio y contenidos de carbono total (Ct) mayores en suelos de bosques que en suelos cultivados, así los suelos de bosques presentan una acumulación media de Ct de 42.4 mg/ha a 20 cm, frente a 33.8 mg/ha en los suelos cultivados, esto equivale a una pérdida media de Ct del 23% por efecto del manejo de los cultivos. En relación con el carbono extraíble con pirofosfato sódico altamente relacionado con las fracciones humificadas de la MOS (Cp) se observaron valores muy bajos en los suelos cultivados y casi nulos en suelos de bosques; sin embargo estos últimos presentan mayor contenido de formas de carbono no-oxidables o estables (Cnox) determinado por diferencia entre Ct - carbono oxidable (Cox). En el suelo cultivado con banano, el Ct corresponde en su totalidad a formas de Cox; mientras que en el suelo cultivado con palma africana las formas estables Cnox representaron 83% del carbono total.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Formas de carbono orgánico en suelos con diferentes usos en el departamento del Magdalena (Colombia) Texto completo
2011
Vásquez-Polo, José Rafael(Universidad del Magdalena) | Macías-Vázquez, Felipe(Universidad Santiago de Compostela) | Menjivar-Flores, Juan Carlos(Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias)
Las fracciones de materia orgánica del suelo (MOS) lábiles y humificadas pueden ser afectadas por las prácticas de uso y manejo; sin embargo el impacto de estos cambios no se ha evaluado en suelos y ambientes tropicales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los contenidos y algunas formas de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) en cinco zonas de clima cálido tropical (0 - 1110 m.s.n.m.) del departamento del Magdalena (Colombia) y el efecto que sobre ellas han tenido las prácticas asociadas a suelos cultivados con café (Coffea arabica), banano (Musa sp.), palma africana (Elaeis guineensis) y sábila (Aloe vera), comparados con suelos de bosques naturales. No se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05) tanto entre zonas como entre usos del suelo, se presentaron valores medios a bajos de MOS en las zonas de estudio y contenidos de carbono total (Ct) mayores en suelos de bosques que en suelos cultivados, así los suelos de bosques presentan una acumulación media de Ct de 42.4 mg/ha a 20 cm, frente a 33.8 mg/ha en los suelos cultivados, esto equivale a una pérdida media de Ct del 23% por efecto del manejo de los cultivos. En relación con el carbono extraíble con pirofosfato sódico altamente relacionado con las fracciones humificadas de la MOS (Cp) se observaron valores muy bajos en los suelos cultivados y casi nulos en suelos de bosques; sin embargo estos últimos presentan mayor contenido de formas de carbono no-oxidables o estables (Cnox) determinado por diferencia entre Ct - carbono oxidable (Cox). En el suelo cultivado con banano, el Ct corresponde en su totalidad a formas de Cox; mientras que en el suelo cultivado con palma africana las formas estables Cnox representaron 83% del carbono total. | Fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) labile and humified, can be affected by use and management practices, but the impact of these changes has not been evaluated in soils of tropical environments. The present study investigated the contents and some forms of soil organic carbon (SOC) in five warm tropical climate zones of the Department of Magdalena (Colombia), and the effect of the cropping practices on these forms of organic carbon in cultivated soils, associated with Coffee (Coffea arabica), Banana (Musa sp.), African palm (Elaeis guineensis), Aloe (Aloe vera) compared to natural forest soils. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were not found between zones as much use soil as. Low average values of SOM in the study areas and higher contents of total carbon in forest soils than in cultivated soils were reported. Forest soils had an average carbon accumulation total of 42.4 mg/ha at 20 cm, compared to 33.8 mg/ha in the cultivated soils, this equates to an average loss of 23% total C by the effect of crop management in these soils, compared to C humified (C extracted with sodium pyrophosphate), values are observed very low in cultivated soils and almost zero in forest soils, but forest soils had a higher number of stable forms of C (Cnox). In the soil cultivated with bananas, Total Carbon corresponds to fully oxidized forms of C, however in the soil cultivated with African palm, C stable forms represented 83% of total carbon.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Türkiye Oryantal Tütün Germplazmının UPOV Test Kılavuzu Kullanılarak Karakterizasyonu Texto completo
2024
Ahmet Kınay | Dursun Kurt | İbrahim Saygılı | Turgay Kurt
Türkiye’de tütün üretiminde oldukça yüksek genetik çeşitlilik içeren popülasyonlar, yerel çeşitler ve ekotipler kullanılmaktadır. Araştırma, Türkiye’de oryantal tütün üretilen alanlarda kullanılan tütün genotipleri içerisindeki genetik çeşitliliğin tespit edilmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Tütün üretim alanlarında morfolojik farklılıkları nedeniyle seçilen 340 tütün genotipi yabancı tozlanmasını engellemek amacıyla izole edilmiş ve böylece kendilenmiştir. Genetik olarak farklı olan 259 genotip tarla denemelerine alınmıştır. İzmir tipi, Basma tipi ve Samsun tipi olmak üzere üç grupta ele alınan bölge tütünlerinin morfolojik ve fenolojik özellikleri UPOV rehberine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Yaygın özellikler bakımından ana sap uzunluğu ortaca-uzun, yaprak sayısı orta-fazla, bitki şekli eliptik, ana gövde rengi açık yeşil, sürgün oluşturma kabiliyeti yok veya çok zayıf, yaprak tipi yapışıktır. Aya uzunluğu ve genişliği orta, yaşmak eni dar-orta, aya şekli geniş eliptik ve yaprak ucu şekli çok az-orta sivriliktedir. Aya kabarcıklığı ve ondülelik zayıfça-zayıftır. Çiçeklenme geç-çok, geçci, taç yaprak rengi açık pembe, orta sıklıkta küresel çiçek kümesi şekli yaygındır. İncelenen tütün genotiplerinde karakterler bakımından varyasyonların yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. İzmir tipi tütünlerin bitki boyu ile yaprak büyüklüğünün diğer tiplere göre daha küçük olduğu belirlenmiştir. İzmir tipi tütünler aynı zamanda yaprak sayısı çok, olgunlaşma süresi geççi, yapraklarının düz ve yaprak uç açılarının ise yuvarlak olduğu belirlenmiştir. Farklı özellikleri ile öne çıkan hatlarla, gelecekte planlanan ıslah çalışmaları için önemli bir veri tabanı oluşturulmuştur.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles Produced by Hydrothermal Method Against Some Foodborne Pathogens Texto completo
2024
Pınar Karatepe | Müzeyyen Akgöl | Sinem Bayrak | Gökhan Kürşad İncili
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are synthesized via a multitude of techniques, resulting in nanoparticles of varying sizes and morphologies that directly influence their antimicrobial efficacy. The objective of this study is to ascertain the particle size and morphology of ZnO-NPs synthesised via the hydrothermal method and to evaluate their in vitro antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes, which are important foodborne pathogens. The ZnO-NPs were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and the diameter of inhibition zones were measured against these pathogenic bacteria. The SEM images revealed that the ZnO-NPs exhibited a uniform distribution, with particle sizes ranging between 23 and 25 nm. The MIC and MBC values against the tested strains were found to range from 20.83 to 41.67 µg/mL and between 66.67- 83.33 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the diameter of inhibition zones were ranged from 15.16 to 16.96 mm. The findings of the study demonstrated that ZnO-NPs s synthesized via the hydrothermal method exhibited antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, the use of ZnO-NPs can facilitate the improvement of the microbiological quality of foods by the inhibition of foodborne patogens.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Zinc and Phosphate Solubilizing by Rhizobacteria Promotes Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Growth in Salty Conditions Texto completo
2024
Yusuf Çelik | Adem Özarslandan | Necibe Kayak
Due to climate change, the world is negatively affected by drought, temperature, salinity, and flood stress, leading to a significant decline in crop production. Lettuce is particularly significant when considering salt stress. To increase plant tolerance to salinity, various strategies are employed to support the development of agriculture. Rhizobacteria play a key role in regulating phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) homeostasis in plants. According to the study results, Rhizobium bacteria supported plant growth by improving the solubility of zinc and phosphate. These findings highlight the beneficial effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the antioxidant system, which helps detoxify reactive oxygen species. The relationship between proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activities showed that PGPR inoculation enhanced the plant's defense mechanism against salt stress. In establishing this tolerance, increases in chlorophyll content, repair of membrane repair, and higher leaf relative humidity under salt stress were observed. PGPR also improved seedling height, diameter, and fresh and dry weight under stress by 70%, 51.4%, 55%, and 109%, respectively, due to the stress-mitigating effects of P and Zn. In conclusion, it is predicted that there will be a need to develop fertilization programs containing different rhizobacteria and Zn+P combinations. These programs would activate the antioxidant mechanism in saline soils, stabilize physiological processes, and positively impact plant growth.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Estimation of Growth and Mortality Parameters for the Annular Seabream Diplodus annularis (Linnaeus, 1978) in the Southern Aegean Sea Texto completo
2024
Ali Uyan
The growth and mortality parameters were examined for the annular seabream Diplodus annularis collected from the Didim coast, Southern Aegean Sea. A total of 654 annular seabream individuals, 263 female (40.21%) and 391 male (59.79%), were sampled by commercial trawlers and gillnets from September 2022 to January 2024. The total length varied between 9.0 and 24.3 cm for females, 8.6 and 24.0 cm for males, and the weight varied between 8.60 and 146.57 g for females, 7.00 and 128.96 g for males. The length-weight relationships were calculated for females, males, and all individuals as W = 0.0115 x L2.9641, W = 0.0131 x L2.8995, and W = 0.0118 x L2.9440, respectively. The growth pattern was determined as negative allometric. The maximum age class was V for both females and males. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 25.27 cm, k = 0.424 year-1, t0 = -0.308 years for females; L∞ = 25.63 cm, k = 0.338 year-1, t0 = -0.935 years for males; L∞ = 27.43 cm, k = 0.283 year-1, t0 = -1.121 years for all individuals. The growth performance index (Φ´) for females, males, and all individuals were 2.432, 2.347, and 2.329, respectively. This study provides the first information on the growth and mortality parameters of D. annularis along the Didim coast, southern Aegean Sea.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Park Equipment Information System the Case of Tayfun Gürsoy Park in Altınordu District, Ordu Province in Türkiye Texto completo
2024
Pınar Civelek | Murat Yeşil
This study deals with an information system developed to effectively manage and optimize the maintenance processes of the urban furniture used in Tayfun Gürsoy Park located in Altınordu district of Ordu province. Within the framework of the study, Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to make an inventory of the equipments in the coastal parks, to determine their location and to monitor their condition. GIS was used to collect and analyze the location data of the equipments, allowing for more efficient planning of maintenance and management processes. The results of the study show that it will increase the efficiency of the maintenance and management processes of the equipments in the coastal parks and will provide savings in the use of resources.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Comparison of Extraction Techniques for Determining Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Spirulina platensis Texto completo
2024
Türkan Uzlaşır | Hatice Kübra Şaşmaz | Haşim Kelebek
Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) is a high-nutrient blue-green algae that has been used as a food supplement for a long time. It contains carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds essential for basic human nutrition. It is known to have anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and hypocholesterolemic properties due to the bioactive compounds it contains. In this study, the effects of freeze-thawing, a rapid freezing (-20°C) and thawing (4°C) process, and ultrasonically assisted extraction techniques on the color, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and phenolic composition of Spirulina platensis extracts were investigated. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts obtained was determined by two different methods, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazollin-6-sulfonic acid)). The sugar profile was determined by HPLC-RID and phenolic composition was determined by HPLC-ESI-DAD-MS/MS. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of samples prepared by the freeze-thawing were higher than those prepared by ultrasonic-assisted conventional extraction technique. In addition to ferulic acid 4-O-glucuronide and brevifolin carboxylate, an isocoumarin derivative, as the dominant phenolic compound in S. platensis extracts, a total of 10 phenolic compounds including catechin isomer, resveratrol C-hexoside, myricetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, phloroglucinol, and lutein were detected. Glucose was the predominant sugar in both samples. The total sugar content was higher in the freeze-thawed samples (217.92 mg/100 g DW) than in the ultrasonic-assisted conventional extraction technique (182.91 mg/100 g DW). S. platensis has a significant amount of antioxidants, valuable secondary metabolites, and potential commercial applications and medicinal properties, but releasing these compounds is difficult due to the cell wall. This study was carried out to determine how different extraction techniques alter the release of bioactive compounds.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of Farmyard Manure and Biochar Treatments on the Development and Water Use of Lettuce Under the Deficit Irrigation Regime Texto completo
2024
Dilruba Erguler | Fatma Okyay | Omer Senol | Caner Yerli
In this study, the effects of different organic matter additives [soil (control), 20 ton ha-1 farmyard manure, 20 ton ha-1 biochar, and 10 ton ha-1 farmyard manure+10 ton ha-1 biochar] to the soil of lettuce grown with different irrigation water levels [100% (full irrigation), 75% (25% deficit irrigation), 50% (50% deficit irrigation), and 25% (75% deficit irrigation)] on water and irrigation water productivity efficiencies and plant characteristics were investigated. Among the organic matter additives, the biochar reduced the amount of irrigation water and actual evapotranspiration of lettuce and increased its marketable yield, thus the highest water and irrigation water productivity efficiencies were obtained from biochar treatment. Despite the decreasing marketable yield in the 50% irrigation treatment, the proportionally decreasing amount of irrigation water and actual evapotranspiration caused the highest water and irrigation water productivity efficiencies to occur in the 50% irrigation treatment. While the root diameter, root fresh and dry weights, stem diameter and length, head fresh and dry weights, marketable leaf number and yield, chlorophyll, and leaf relative water content of lettuce decreased with decreasing irrigation water levels, root length and membrane damage increased. The effects of organic matter additives on all of these physical-physiological properties, except root diameter and membrane damage, were found to be significant, and the biochar provided the most effective development of these parameters under the deficit irrigation regime. Considering that the yield and yield characteristics in 75% irrigation treatment do not decrease at a very significant level compared to full irrigation (100%) and that these decreases can be compensated by biochar and that the farmyard manure+biochar as alternative treatment is also effective in improving the decrease in yield parameters, treatment of 10 ton ha-1 farmyard manure+10 ton ha-1 to the soil at 75% irrigation water level was found to be recommended in lettuce cultivation.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Kıl, Honamlı ve Kabakulak Keçilerinde CMTM2 ve CSN1S1 Genlerinde Çoklu Doğumla İlişkili InDel Varyantların Belirlenmesi Texto completo
2024
Bahar Argun Karslı | Ebru Demir
Alfa S1 kazein (CSN1S1) ve CKLF benzeri MARVEL transmembran alanı içeren protein 2 (CMTM2) gen bölgelerinde meydana gelen insersiyon ve delesyon (InDel) gibi varyasyonlar keçilerde bir batında doğan yavru sayısını etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk defa Kıl (KIL, 66 örnek), Honamlı (HNM, 74 örnek) ve Kabakulak (KBK, 70 örnek) keçilerinde CSN1S1 ve CMTM2 genlerindeki InDel varyasyonların belirlenmesi için toplam 210 hayvan Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PZR) yöntemiyle genotiplendirilmiştir. Her iki gen bakımından tüm keçi populasyonlarının polimorfik bulunduğu çalışmada CSN1S1 geninde bir batında doğan yavru sayısı için avantaj sağlayan genotip (II) frekansı 0,10 (KBK) ile 0,12 (HNM ve KIL) aralığında değişmiştir. CSN1S1 geni için en düşük ve en yüksek gözlenen heterozigotluk (H0) değeri sırasıyla KBK (0,53) ve KIL (0,65) keçilerinde tespit edilmiştir. CMTM2 geni için II genotip frekansı 0,09 (KIL) ile 0,29 (KBK) aralığında değişirken, HO değerinin 0,415 (KIL) ile 0,585 (KBK) aralığında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan her iki gen bölgesi içinde tüm populasyonların Hardy-Weinberg dengesinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar HNM, KIL ve KBK keçilerinde CSN1S1 ve CMTM2 genleri için istenilen genotip olan II’nın değişen frekanslarda olduğunu ve yeterli genetik varyasyonun bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu nedenleCSN1S1 ve CMTM2 gen bölgelerindeki varyasyonların çalışılan yerli keçi ırklarında bir batında doğan yavru sayısının artırılması için yapılacak Marker Destekli Seleksiyon (MDS) çalışmalarında kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir
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