Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), is a plant which has an important place in the economic sense in medicinal and aromatic plants. Such as health, food, cosmetics are among the leading materials in the use of many sectors. The production of plant materials obtained from seeds obtained from enduring and strong lines is facilitated with the increasing number of studies. Therefore, the characteristics of the lines from which the seeds come must be demonstrated. In this study, four different anise line (Spain, Egypt, Syria, Turkey) some characteristics of by seed (figure-size, surface area, projection area, average geometric and arithmetic diameter, sphericity, thousand grain weight, average germination percentage and time) It was investigated. At the same time, the film coating was applied to the seeds and the changes in these properties of the seeds were determined. The data obtained were also examined statistically.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the arterial vascularization of the kidneys in the South Karaman sheep breed. Twelve South Karaman sheep kidneys were used in the study. The course of the renal arteries in the kidney was examined by means of dissection and corrosion cast techniques. The kidneys were vascularized with right renal artery and left renal artery to the arteries originating from the abdominal aorta. Right renal artery was seen to be slightly more prominent than the left renal artery. Left renal artery was measured longer and thicker than the right renal artery. The renal artery entering the renal hilus, dorsal and ventral part of the renal artery were detected. However, in several materials, the left renal artery was shown to have a third branch. The dorsal and ventral branches gave interlobar artery with numbers ranging from 2-5. Each interlobar artery had multiple arcuate artery. These arteries ended by giving the interlobular artery. Anastomosis was not observed between the renal arteries. Although there were some important variations in the distribution of renal arteries of South Karaman sheep, similar findings were reported in the literature.

Genetic improvement in components of economic importance along with maintaining a sufficient amount of variability is always the desired objective in the any maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program which will be handled under the conditions of Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, an experiment was conducted using (27) and (3) check/control varieties to determine the genetic variability of maize genotypes at Haramaya, eastern Ethiopia. The study results revealed that significantly the tallest plant heights for (PH) were recorded from (3) (170 cm) and (18) (167.5 cm) genotypes whereas the shortest PH were recorded from (13) (117.5 cm) and (23) genotypes (120 cm). Good plant aspects (PA) were obtained from genotype 12, 22 and 26 (PA-1.5) and poor PA were attained from genotype 1 (PA-2.5). Besides, genetic and phenotypic variances were estimated for seven components. The highest genotypic coefficients variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were calculated from grain yield (GY – 23.39%). Comparatively the higher GY were attained from the genotypes of 3, 9 and 12. It can be concluded that almost all components of the PCV are greater than the GCV. Superior selected genotypes are recommended to the researchers /breeders to develop disease resistant and high yielder varieties to increase maize production by farmers under Haramaya and other similar agroecologies.

In sub-Saharan Africa, multiple plant nutrients deficiency besides nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is a major growth-limiting factor for crop production. As a result, some soils become non-responsive for Rhizobium inoculation besides P application. Based on the soil test result, the soil of Experimental sites had low organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S) and zinc (Zn)[xy1]. Hence, an experiment was carried out on-farm at Gondar Zuria woreda in Tsion and Denzaz Kebeles to evaluate the effect of Rhizobium inoculation, S and Zn application on yield, nodulation, N and P uptake of chickpea. The experiment included twelve treatments developed via factorial combination of two level of inoculation (Rhizobium inoculated, un-inoculated), three level of S (0, 15, 30 kg Sulphur ha-1) and two levels of Zn (0, 1.5 kg Zinc ha-1). The treatment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the highest mean nodule number (15.3) and nodule volume (1.3 ml plant-1) over locations were obtained with Rhizobium inoculation integrated with 15 kg S and 1.5 kg Zn ha-1 which resulted in 37.8% and 116.7% increment over the control check, respectively. It was also observed that combined application of Rhizobium and 30 kg S ha-1 caused the highest (6.7) mean nodulation rating and seed yield (1775.5 kg ha-1) over locations which resulted in 86.1% and 28 % increase over the control check, respectively. Moreover, this treatment improved P use efficiency of chickpea. On the bases of observed result, it can be concluded that the response of chickpea to Rhizobium and P application can be improved by S application and Rhizobium inoculation with application of 30 kg S ha-1 with recommended rate of P and starter N is recommended for chickpea production at the experimental locations in Gonder Zuria Woreda.

The world’s population is increasing day by day, and the need of the energy and food is increasing at the same rate. As it is known, facilities which engaged in agricultural activities take a large share of the world’s industrial pie, so the pollution sparked by the activities of these industries is also uncondescending. Energy production from organic wastes exposed as a result of agricultural activities is an important working area; damage to the environment will also be reduced by the recovery of the wastes. In this study, hydrogen gas production from organic wastes released by agricultural activities will be demonstrated. In addition, literature review on the state of hydrogen energy from organic wastes in the world and in Turkey will be carried out.

Honey is the most known and consumed bee product by consumers. Therefore, from the past to the present, the investigation of the factors affecting the supply and consumption of honey has been on the agenda of the researchers. For this purpose, in our survey study, the effects of honey sales carried out via television channels (commercials) on consumers were investigated. According to the survey results, it was determined that 87.91% of consumers had a negative view about honey sales performed via television, 3.54% had a positive opinion, and 8.55% had no opinion on the issue. It was found that 5.83% of consumers bought honey through television commercials, and the education, income, gender and number of individuals in their households have an effect on the tendency to buy honey. Regarding the exposing of companies selling fake or adulterated honey by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, results showed that this situation positively affected 54.53 of consumers in terms of trust in honey positively, affected 13.30% of consumers negatively, and did not affect 13.30% of consumers in any way. As a result, deceptive honey commercials lead to consumer abuse and create an environment of distrust of honey. In order to minimize speculation on honey, it is seen necessary to increase deterrent penalties for businesses that lead to unfair competition.

The effects of temperature and pressure processing on myrosinase extracted from fresh broccoli and brown mustard seed was studied. Brown mustard seeds had higher myrosinase activity (2.75 un/mL) than fresh broccoli (0.58 un/mL). The extent of enzyme inactivation increased with pressure (200-800 MPa) and temperature (30-80°C) for both brown mustard seeds and fresh broccoli myrosinase. However, at combinations of lower pressures (200-400 MPa) and temperatures (30-80°C), there was less myrosinase inactivation. When processing at a pressure of 300 MPa with a temperature of 70°C for 10 minutes, there was 65% myrosinase activity for brown mustard while at 300 MPa and 60°C, activity retention in fresh broccoli was 30%. Whereas, the corresponding activity retentions when applying only heat (70°C for 10 minutes) was 35% for brown mustard myrosinase, while there was no measurable myrosinase activity for fresh broccoli (60°C, 10 minutes). Thus, application of moderate pressures (200-400 MPa) on brown mustard and fresh broccoli can potentially be used to retain myrosinase activity needed for subsequent glucosinolate hydrolysis.

Drying method is preferred in agricultural products since it provides advantages in many processes such as increasing the strength of products, transporting and storing. It is necessary to estimate the drying behavior of the products in order to achieve the best drying without reducing the product quality. For this reason, many numerical drying models have been developed to estimate the drying kinetics of the products. Recently, artificial neural networks have been widely used for the development of these models. Artificial neural networks are mathematical models that work in a similar way to natural neuron cells. Radial based artificial neural networks are radial based activation functions in the transition to the hidden layer unlike other networks. In this study, modeling of drying kinetics with radial based networks was investigated. For the experiment, red hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was dipped in boiled water and microwave pretreatments and, then dried in the oven at 65°C. The absorbable moisture values were calculated during the drying period. The radial based artificial neural network models were trained with the drying time values as input and the absorbable moisture values as output. The study was carried out with two data sets including all data and only the average. In trainings with all data, R value of the best model was calculated as 0.9566. R was calculated as 0.9998 with average data.

This study aims to compare UV-C irradiation and conventional heat treatment to produce pasteurized onion juice used as a meat marinating agent. The process conditions maximizing the inactivation of target microorganism Escherichia coli K-12 were; 0.5 mm sample depth, 30 min irradiation, 7.5 mW/cm2 UV incident intensity for UV-C and, 74.5°C and 12 min for heat treatment. Except pH and non-enzymatic browning index, differences between physicochemical properties of raw, UV-C and heat-treated onion juices were significant. Springiness and chewiness of unmarinated beefsteaks were higher compared to the ones marinated with the fresh and pasteurized onion juice (UV-C and heat). Pasteurization of onion juice (UV-C and heat) did not significantly affect general liking scores compared to beefsteaks marinated in untreated onion juice.

While the use of pesticides in plant production has positive effects on yield and quality, it has negative effects on human and environmental health. The environment is polluted by the intense and unconscious use of chemicals in agriculture, and the absence of environmentally friendly agricultural methods. This causes problems in the long term, such as reduced biodiversity and disruption of natural balance. This study is important because there are many problems such as the producers' failure to effectively apply methods of combating diseases, pests, and weeds in agricultural production, the use of unnecessary and wrong doses of pesticides, and the methods other than chemical control are not preferred. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes and behaviors of farmers towards use of pesticides in Çarşamba District of Samsun Province. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 112 farmers determined by stratified sampling method. According to the findings, most of the farmers in the region do not prefer other methods different form chemical control methods. While farmers found the effectiveness of pesticides at a medium level, they found the price levels of pesticides high. While there is a perception that over-using pesticides adversely affects the environment, biological control methods are not known enough. Various research, education, and extension studies should be carried out for farmers to use pesticides more consciously, and to apply methods other than chemical control.