The aim of this study is to determine the effect of zinc (Zn), which is a common nutritional problem for both plant and human health, on corn and wheat plants. In the research carried out in greenhouse conditions, Zn (Zn0: 0 mg Zn kg-1, Zn5: 5 mg Zn kg-1) was applied to Çukurova and Niğde soils having a natural Zn deficiency and yield and mineral nutrient concentrations of wheat and corn plants were determined. Shoot dry matter yields of wheat and corn plants in both soils significant increased by Zn application. Zinc application caused to 20 and 76% shoot dry matter yield increase for wheat in Çukurova and Niğde soils. The increase in corn pants were greater which was 174% in Çukurova soil and 127% in Niğde soil. The Zn concentration was significantly increased with the increased shoot dry matter yield, while shoot Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations were decreased with Zn applications.

Fusarium graminearum species complex is the major Fusarium head blight disease pathogen in worldwide. Fusarium head blight disease lead to damages on small grain cereals. The identification of the F. graminearum species complex is important for improving disease control and management. Traditional identification methods such as macroscopy and microscopy analysis need to be supported by biochemical and genetics assays. Thus, DNA sequencing-based methods is one of the most preferred, reliable, low priced in the identification methods. In the study, 54 F. graminearum isolates obtained from diseased wheat, barley and corn fields in Turkey and Iran were identified by morphological characteristics and then characterized by species-specific SCAR marker. β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3 genes amplified, purified and then sequenced. The merged multiloci length was obtained as last of all 2215 bp. These sequencing results was used to multiloci genotyping assays. Last of all, 20 isolates were determined as F. graminearum sensu stricto by multiloci genotyping analysis. Remaining isolates were identified as F. asiaticum or Fusarium sp. . The findings are important in terms of revealing the first-time identification in Turkish and Iranian isolates as F. graminearum species complex members by amplification four (β-tubulin, Tef1-α, 28s rDNA and Histone H3) highly conserved DNA regions.

This study was conducted in Kumkale Plain of Çanakkale Province. In this research, it is aimed to determine which factors the regional farmers take into consideration in their production and the costs of the products they obtain. The data of the study consisted of primary and original questionnaires provided through face-to-face interviews. The sample volume was determined by stratified sampling method and 99 questionnaires were conducted. The enterprises are ranked according to land size and divided into three layers as 1-50, 51-100, 101 decare and above. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHS) method was used to determine producer preferences as well as simple cost calculations. The criteria of the study were determined as mechanization, irrigation facilities, supply of inputs, marketing opportunities, aquaculture information, product prices, input prices and labor force. According to the results of AHS obtained from the study, wheat ranked first with 0.213 points and sunflower ranked second with 0.196 points. The remaining alternatives are paddy, tomato, corn (seed) and silage maize respectively. According to AHS results, wheat, sunflower, paddy, tomato, corn and silage maize are preferred. Product costs are calculated as follows; 0.52 TL/kg for tomatoes, 1.56 TL/kg for paddy , 1.16 TL/kg for grain corn, 0.14 TL/kg for silage maize, 0.69 TL/kg for wheat and 1.44 TL/kg for sunflower.

Bu çalışmada, Reseda lutea L. (Resedaceae), Salvia absconditiflora Greuter & Burdet. (Lamiaceae), Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. & Velen. (Lamiaceae), Chorispora purpurascens (Banks & Sol.) Eig (Brassicaceae), Isatis floribunda Boiss. ex Bornm. (Brassicaceae), Linum tenuifolium L. (Linaceae) bitkilerinden elde edilen methanol ekstraktlarının Tribolium confusum Duv. (Col.: Tenebrionidae) ve Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Col.: Bostrichidae) üzerindeki toksik etkileri laboratuvar koşullarında test edilmiştir. Bitkilerden elde edilen methanol ekstraktları zararlıların erginlerine micro-aplicator yardımıyla uygulanmıştır. Yapılan tek doz (%10 (w/v)) etki çalışması sonucunda T. confusum (%23,17) ve R. dominica (%18,35)’ya karşı en yüksek kontakt toksisiteyi C. purpurascens bitkisinden elde edilen ekstrakt göstermiştir.

Ülkemizde mısır üretimindeki artış bir yandan sürerken, bir yandan da dünyada mısırın soyadan sonra en çok genetiği değiştirilmiş ürün olması nedeniyle tüketicinin mısır ile ilgili algısı her geçen gün daha olumsuz olmaktadır. Genetiği değiştirilmiş mısırın potansiyel olumsuz etkileri tartışılmakta iken, mısırda insan sağlığı için gözden kaçmaması gereken en büyük tehdit mikotoksinlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 24 ilinde bulunan 552 köyün 634 tarlasından toplanan mısır numuneleri GDO, aflatoksin B1, toplam aflatoksin, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, T-2 toksin, HT-2 toksin, zearalenon ve deoksinivalenol yönünden incelenmiştir. Tarama yapılan mısır numunelerinin hiçbirinde transgenik elemente rastlanmamıştır. Analiz edilen 634 numunenin sadece bir tanesinde Türk Gıda Kodeksi limitinin üzerinde aflatoksin B1 miktarına rastlanmış, numunelerin toplam aflatoksin değerleri Türk Gıda Kodeksi limitinin altında çıkmıştır. Paçal oluşturulan numunelerin hiçbirinde T-2 toksin, HT-2 toksin, zearalenon ve deoksinivalenol tespit edilmezken, fumonisin tespit edilen numunelerin toplam fumonisin miktarı Türk Gıda Kodeksi limitinin altında bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, yerli üretim mısırların gıda güvenliği açısından uygun standartları sağladığını göstermektedir.

This study was conducted to collect, preserve and identify local oat genotypes grown in the Central and Western Black Sea region. Within the scope of the research, 251 local oat genotypes were collected from the places where they were cultivated in Düzce, Bolu, Zonguldak, Karabük, Kastamonu, Ordu, Sinop, Samsun, Amasya and Tokat provinces. The collected genotypes together with 4 standard oat varieties were taken into field trial in Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture Research and Application field according to Augmented trial design in 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. As a result of the study, it was found that there were significant variations in terms of the parameters examined. Among the genotypes, the growth pattern of the 229 genotypes was perpendicular, The cluster genotypes of 163 genotypes were scattered, 132 genotypes were yellow in color, 157 genotypes were strongly stringy and 154 genotypes had callus hairiness. When the Matrix table was examined, it was found that the local genotypes with semi-horizontal growth pattern were not found in Amasya, Karabük, Kastamonu, Samsun and Tokat locations. In particular, parameters such as growth type, cluster type, color of husk, awn condition and callus hairiness. it provides ease of identification, since it does not affect the environmental conditions. In the light of this information, it is thought that the genetic variation is high in terms of ecology in which local genotypes are collected and will be beneficial for the protection of our genetic resources and for the future of national agriculture.

In renewable system, to improve growth performance and enhance the stability of broiler meat may be alternative dietary garlic and its derivatives. The effects of dietary fresh garlic extract (FGE) or aged garlic extract (AGE) supplementation on performance, serum cholesterol and meat thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values and the organoleptic traits of cooked meats were investigated using 540 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers. Treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (E200, basal diet + 200 mg vitamin E kg-1), FGE (FGE10, basal diet + 10 ml FGE kg-1) and graded levels of AGE (AGE5, AGE10 and AGE15, basal diet + 5, 10 and 15 ml AGE kg-1, respectively). Sensory appraisal was used to establish the consumer acceptability of boiled, grilled or roasted meats. FGE10 increased weight gain compared to NC, AGE5 and AGE10, whereas FGE10, E200 and AGE decreased serum cholesterol and meat TBA levels compared to NC. The alleviating effects of FGE10, AGE5 and AGE10 were higher than that of vitamin E. All garlic extracts did not affect the colour and nutritional quality of raw meat. Overall consumer acceptance of meat increased by FGE10, while it decreased by AGE10 and AGE15 compared to NC. Sensory scores of grilled meat were higher than for boiled and roasted meats. These results indicate that FGE proved an advantage for sustainable broiler production due to improve in the growth performance and consumer acceptance of cooked meat.

Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) STEARN is a medical and aromatic plant which grows naturally in various countries of the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the natural antioxidant content and antioxidant activity of Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) STEARN plant, an Allium subspecies of the Alliaceae family. Plants which grow naturally in 7 different locations of 3 cities (Samsun, Nevşehir and Tokat) of Turkey were used in the study. The purpose of this study was to determine the natural antioxidant content and antioxidant capacity of wild leek plant, an Allium subspecies of the Alliaceae family, which grows in three different cities (Samsun, Nevşehir and Tokat). The material of the study consists of 42 wild leek samples from 7 different locations of Samsun, Tokat and Nevşehir. Some physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant features of both bulbs and leaves of samples were determined separately; allicin, an organosulfur compound, was specified qualitatively and thermal behaviours of the samples were monitored through TGA/DSC analysis. As a result of the analyses conducted, in the bulb and leaf parts of the samples, total phenolic matter values were 254.51-927.81 and 1929.05-19645.24 mg/kg, FRAP was 0.80-5.20 and 14.31-47.83 mM TE/g, DPPH free radical scavenger effect was 0.99-9.02 and 36.61-241.06 µmol TE/g and ascorbic acid content was 29.14-314.01 mg/kg and 200.64-1383.16 mg/kg, respectively. These data reveal that the leaf’s of A. scorodoprasum subsp. rotundum plants are rich in antioxidants. In conclusion, it was found that the antioxidant activity of the plants differs significantly in terms of the parts of the plant and growth location.

The study was carried out to examine the effect of varied levels of dietary monosodium glutamate on acetylcholinesterase, specific acetylcholinesterase and total protein concentrations in the brain regions of broiler chickens. Three hundred (300) day – old unsexed Abor – acre chickens were randomly assigned to diets: A, B, C, D, E and F containing 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 g/kg MSG respectively. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with 10 birds per replicate. The birds were fed ad – libitum and provided with clean water for 8 weeks (56 days) after which 2 birds per replicates were slaughtered. The brains were removed, dissected into different regions comprising of the olfactory lobe, pineal body, optic lobe, cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. The different parts of the brain were homogenized to determine the acetylcholinesterase and total protein which were also used in the assessment of the specific acetylcholinesterase of the brain. No significant differences were observed in the acetylcholinesterase activity of the olfactory lobe, pineal body, optic lobe, cerebellum except for the medulla. Likewise, the dietary monosodium glutamate did not influence the activities of the total protein and specific acetylcholinesterase of the olfactory lobe portion of the brain. The dietary monosodium glutamate exerted significant effects on the total protein of other brain parts studied and which invariably resulted in significant changes in the specific acetylcholinesterase of the optic lobe, cerebellum and medulla except for the optic lobe. This study revealed that monosodium glutamate added to broilers diet above 0.75 g/kg significantly altered the concentration of the brain acetylcholinesterase, total protein and specific acetylcholinesterase thereby impaired brain functions.