One of the most important impacts of the Covid 19 pandemic that broke out in China in the last months of 2019 was on the agricultural sector and, consequently, on the food supply. This situation manifested itself in an increase in food insecurity and food prices in countries around the world, and rising food prices highlighted the risk of undernourishment. The study attempted to statistically represent the impact of the pandemic on food security and food price increases in countries around the world. The study first compared the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in terms of three basic indicators, such as food security, food prices, and undernourishment rates, and examined whether there was a significant difference between the two periods. Within the context of these three indicators, an attempt was then made to determine whether the negative impact of the pandemic was more severe in low-income countries. The results of the analysis showed that food prices, food insecurity, and undernourishment increased during the pandemic and that these impacts were relatively greater in developing countries. Therefore, the financial burden of these negative impacts associated with food supply was greater in developing countries.

The aim of this study is to histologically and histochemically determine the developmental and involutional stages of bursa of Fabricius of henna partridge (Alectoris chukar). In the study, bursa of Fabricius of 12 3-month-old (6 males, 6 females), 12 6-month-old (6 males, 6 females) henna partridges purchased from a private farm were used. It was observed that bursa of Fabricius was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and consisted of tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica mucosa layers from the outside to the inside. It was seen that the tunica muscularis consisted of outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle fibers. It was observed that the tunica mucosa made plicae towards the lumen of the organ and consisted of 10-15 plicae. It was seen that lamina epithelialis and lymph follicles were present in each plica. It was determined that the lamina epithelialis consisted of two parts called FAE (Follicle-Associated Epithelium) and IFE (İnter Follicular Epithelium). It was noted that the lymph follicles contained cortex and medulla sections and were separated locally by capillaries together with cortical medullary boundry cells. In the Methyl Green-pyronin staining method, plasma cells were found in the bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge, in the connective tissue surrounding the organ, around the blood vessels and inside the follicles. In AB pH=2.5 staining, AB-positive reaction was seen only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS staining, PAS-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of the epithelial cells forming FAE and IFE in the pre- and post-involution period. In PAS/AB pH=2.5 combined staining method, AB-positive reaction was observed only in the apical part of epithelial cells in the pre- and post-involution period. As a result of this study, it was found that bursa of Fabricius of the henna partridge did not undergo any histochemical changes despite its histologically large differences after involution.

In the study, the impact of employing vermicompost to boost oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), a native of Isparta province, to improve yield and nutrient content, was explored. Four different doses (V0: 0 kg ha-1, V1: 1000 kg ha-1, V2: 2000 kg ha-1, and V3: 3000 kg ha-1) of vermicompost were tested in the field conditions at 3 replicates. Vermicompost was applied to the canopy projection area and incorporated into the soil. Flower harvest was started on April 30, 2018, and throughout 20 days, the blooming flowers were collected and weighed daily basis. Following the harvest, leaf samples were collected from the plants, and the concentrations of certain macro and micronutrients were assessed.The study's findings demonstrated that applying vermicompost boosted the yield of oily rose blooms. The greatest yield value was determined to be 5850 kg ha-1 at a vermicompost dose of 2000 kg ha-1, which was 660 kg ha-1 greater than the control application. It was observed that vermicompost treatments had no significant influence on plant nutrient concentrations.  This condition is assumed to be related to the removal of minerals from the plant during harvest. The findings indicate that the usage of vermicompost can contribute in the production of oil roses, and a dose of 2000 kg ha-1 can be suggested. This research establishes the feasibility of employing vermicompost in oil rose cultivation and sets the framework for future research.

The use of cassava for fuel ethanol production in Nigeria is supported by the Nigerian Biofuel Policy and Incentives (NBPI) of 2007. Because of its food, feed and industrial value, the need to replace cassava with crops/plants that are food and feeds neutral has motivated this research. Starch was extracted from forest anchomanes (FA) (Anchomanes difformis (Bl.) ENGL.) tubers and some of its physicochemical and elemental properties were determined. At present, the plant is uncultivated in Nigeria and other parts of Africa where it is found. Results showed that the starch content in FA tubers varied from 72.12 to 75.83%. Starch granules from all parts of the FA tubers had similar proximate, antinutrients and elemental properties and appeared usable for fuel ethanol production. However, to suggest its potential to sustainably replace cassava, further investigations are needed beyond these initial results.

This study evaluated the possibility to use pomegranate peel: an agro-industrial bay product as a conservative agent for fruit juice. Extraction of active compounds of. Punica granatum L. peels was made by maceration with ethanol and the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity were conducted using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and disk diffusion method in agar medium, while self-life tests of orange juice monitoring the pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, cloud value, browning index and total mesophilic germs were conducted during 18 days. The results highlighted that pomegranate peel extract (PPE) showed a higher phenol and flavonoid content and strong antioxidant activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6.22 μg / mL, as well as the antimicrobial activity indicated a higher inhibitory effect. Furthermore, shelf life tests showed a significant effect on browning index, titratable acidity, and lowering of microbial growth during storage compared to the controls, while pH, total soluble solids, and cloud value are not affected. These results allow us to consider pomegranate peel extract as a potential conservator for healthy and sustainable food.

This study used reports from various bodies to determine the competitiveness of some selected agricultural products between Kenya and other East African Community countries. Agriculture is an important sector in Kenya and the greater East African Community organization as it earns the country foreign exchange through exports. The sector possess considerable potential, and carrying out a competitive study would greatly inform the country’s efforts and policy making processes. The methods used were Market Share Index, Vollrath’s Relative Trade Advantage Indices, and Balassa’s Revealed Comparative Advantage Index. The various countries were compared using calculated indices and ranked accordingly based on their scores and market share percentages. Consequently, Kenya had a competitive advantage and dominated the international markets in tea and crude materials, whereas most East Africa Community member states had a strong comparative advantage in coffee. Generally, to stimulate the agricultural sector and diversify agricultural exports, the Kenyan government and private sector must increase high-level investments in agribusiness and transition from exporting raw materials to value-added products. Developing standard agricultural trade policies would benefit all East African Community member states, which is consistent with their goals.

The study was conducted in the trial area of the Department of Horticulture at Atatürk University during the 2022 cropping season to evaluate some agro-morphological characteristics of the dwarf-type snap bean genotypes collected from Erzurum along with the commercial cultivars SARIKIZ and GINA have been widely cultivated there. The genotypes tested in the study showed statistically significant variations in terms of all parameters examined. Genotypes ERZ PA 28 and ERZ UZ 36 reached the earliest fresh maturity time by 58 days.  The genotype with the longest pod was ERZ NR 104 (17.35 cm); the genotypes with the widest pod were ERZ UZ 36 (15.29 mm) and ERZ TO 49 (15.43 mm); and the genotype with the thickest pod was ERZ İS13 (8.75 mm). The ERZ TO 49 genotype had the most pods per plant (32.41), the highest yield per plant (217.73 g), and the highest yield per square meter (1360.79 g/m2), while the ERZ UZ 35 genotype produced the heaviest average pod weight (8.63 g). Additionally, in terms of the number of pods per plant, yield per plant, and yield per square meter, ERZ PA 28 has been determined to produce the results that are closest to ERZ TO 49. According to the study’s findings, ERZ IS 13, ERZ PA 28, ERZ UZ 32, ERZ UZ 35, ERZ UZ 36, ERZ TO 48, ERZ TO 49, ERZ NR 104, ERZ PS 111, ERZ PS 115, and ERZ PS 116 genotypes yields per square meter was founded that higher than commercial cultivars and other genotypes, can offer the producer a sufficient level of yield.

In this study, the reproductive and growth performance of Akkaraman sheep between 2017-2021 were evaluated within the scope of the National Sheep and Goat Breeding Project in the Hand of the Public, which is being carried out in the province of Nigde. In the research, data obtained from 30923 animals in 22 farms in 7 villages in the central district of Nigde province were used. In the study, the effect of year, dam’s age, gender and birth type on birth weight (BW), live weight on day 60 (LW1), live weight on day 120 (LW2), daily live weight gain (DLWG) on day 120 were investigated. The effects of year, dam’s age, gender and birth type on BW, LW1, LW2, DLWG were found to be statistically significant. While the effects of year, dam’s age and gender were found to be statistically effective on SR, the effect of birth type was found to be insignificant. In the study, fertility, fecundity and litter size in Akkaraman lambs were determined as 0.92, 1.03 and 1.13, respectively. As a result, remarkable progress has been achieved in Akkaraman lambs in terms of performance characteristics (LW1, LW2 and DLWG) between 2017 and 2021.

Global climate change continues to leave irreversible effects worldwide. With the increase in the effects of climate change, especially in recent years, the amount of UV-B radiation reaching the earth's surface is also likely to increase. With increasing temperatures, the amount of precipitation in the world has decreased, and the drought has started to alarm. This study is tried to understand how plants can respond to these stresses using ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) species. The effects of these stress factors on plant leaf morphology were investigated by applying certain intensities of drought (moderate [T2] and severe drought [T3]) and UV-B (8 kJ m-2 h-1 [T4] and 12 kJ m-2 h-1 [T5]) stresses on these two species with T1 (control) treatment. As a result, leaf width in A. pseudoplatanus species was at the lowest levels in individuals exposed to T3 and T9. In A. negundo species, leaflet length in T1, T2, T3, T4 T5, T6 (modarete+T4), T7 (modarete+T5), T8 (severe drought+T4), and T9 (severe drought+T5) treatment were 8.800, 8.704, 8.075, 8.792, 8.823, 8.516, 8.317, 7.993, and 8.605 cm, respectively. According to these values, it was observed that the leaflet length was the shortest in T8 (7.993 cm) treatment. On the other hand, the leaflet length in T9 was close to the T1 group. As a result, individuals exposed to T4 were more affected than T5 in applications applied to UV-B stress and T3. Therefore, the increase of UV-B radiation positively affects the plant's resistance to drought stress.

Technological developments have accelerated the use of information and communication technologies in the agricultural sector as in all other sectors. However, there is still a lack of information in the literature on measuring the level of digital technology usage by farmers. This study will help to eliminate the lack of information on the indicators and their weights that can be used to determine the level of digitalisation of farmers. The aim of the study is to determine the indicators to be used in measuring the level of digital technology use, the sub-dimensions of these indicators, and the weights of these indicators. The constant-sum scale and expert opinions were used to determine the indicators and their weights to be used in measuring the level of digitalisation. The level of agreement of the opinions expressed by different experts about different digitalisation level indicators and their weights was revealed with the help of Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance. The study results showed that the indicators of internet access facilities, internet speed, smartphone ownership, mobile internet usage, and the ability to use office programs are important variables in measuring the level of digitalisation. The study determined eight main indicators to measure the level of digitalisation and 96 indicators under them, and their weights were put forward. By using the digitalisation indicators and their weights, it will be possible to measure the level of digitalisation in agricultural enterprises reliably.