The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of follicle size and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration on nuclear maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro. Follicles on bovine ovary were classified into 3 groups according to the diameter; small (

A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) não foi disponibilizada pela revista. | O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o grau de associação entre caracteres fisicoquímicas do maracujazeiro-azedo (Passiflora edulis), auxiliando assim os programas de melhoramento que utilizam a seleção indireta. Avaliou-se 1120 frutos colhidos em ensaio com 26 famílias de irmãos completos de maracujazeiro-azedo, nos quais mensuraram-se as seguintes características: número de frutos por planta (NF), produção estimada (PE), massa média do fruto (MF), massa média da casca (MC), massa média da polpa (MP), comprimento médio do fruto (CF), diâmetro médio do fruto (DF), espessura média da casca (EC), teor médio de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável média (ATT), e coloração da polpa (CP). A correlação entre número de frutos por planta com produção estimada por planta apresenta magnitude maior (rf = 0.92**) que a correlação massa do fruto com produção estimada (rf = 0.54**), indicando a maior contribuição do número de frutos por planta para obtenção de famílias mais produtivas. A correlação de maior magnitude foi comprimento do fruto com massa do fruto, indicando que a seleção de plantas com frutos pesados podem ser feitas diretamente no campo, a partir do comprimento do fruto. | The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of association between characters of Passiflora edulis thus supporting the breeding programs that use indirect selection. Was evaluated in 1120 harvested in test 26 full-sib families of passion fruit, in which measured the following characteristics: number of fruits por plant (NF), estimated production (EP), fruit weight (FW) ; average mass of the shell (MC), average mass of pulp (MP), the fruit length (FL), average fruit diameter (FD), rind thickness (EC), the average content of soluble solids (TSS) , average total acidity (TTA), and flesh color (CP). The correlation between number of fruits por plant with an estimated production por plant has greater magnitude (rf = 0.92 **) that the correlation of fruit mass with an estimated production (rf = 0.54 **), indicating a greater contribution of the number of fruits por plant to obtain more productive families. The correlation of greater magnitude was the length of the fruit with fruit mass, indicating that the selection of plants with heavy fruit can be made directly in the field, from the length of the fruit.

The present study, it was aimed to determine the effect of antioxidants added to culture media on blastocyst development rates in in vitro embryo production. The material of the study consisted of oocytes collected from the ovaries taken from the slaughterhouse. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) were collected and classified under a stereomicroscope. Oocytes included in the study were subjected to maturation and fertilization stages. Probable zygotes were transferred to the culture (IVC) containing antioxidants (L-ergothionine 100 μM (n: 163), Vitamin E 100 μM (n: 151) Cysteamine 50 μM (n: 154) and were cultured in a tri gas incubator (Hera Cell- 6% O2%, 6%CO2, 88%N). Blastocyst rates and embryo quality were determined on the 6th and 7th days in culture medium. Differences in IVMFC stages were evaluated by chi-square test. 966 oocytes were collected from 162 ovaries collected from the slaughterhouse. It was determined that the number of oocytes per ovary was 5,96, and the number of A and B quality oocytes was 4.26. It was determined that 655 (94.93%) of a total of 690 oocytes undergoing in vitro maturation were mature. The cleavage rates of the groups were 83.44%; 80.79%; 79.87%, and 83.96%, respectively. 140 (21.37%) blastocysts were obtained from 655 oocytes taken into the culture stage and the blastocyst rates in the groups were 33.13%; 8.61%; 7.79%, and 32.62%, respectively. As a result of the study, it was determined that the rates of blastocysts in the L-ergothioneine added the group was similar to the control group, but the blastocyst rates decreased significantly in the cysteamine and Vitamin E added groups. It was thought that this decrease might have been affected by the dose of antioxidants or the adequacy of oocyte development

The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of association between characters of Passiflora edulis thus supporting the breeding programs that use indirect selection. Was evaluated in 1120 harvested in test 26 full-sib families of passion fruit, in which measured the following characteristics: number of fruits por plant (NF), estimated production (EP), fruit weight (FW) ; average mass of the shell (MC), average mass of pulp (MP), the fruit length (FL), average fruit diameter (FD), rind thickness (EC), the average content of soluble solids (TSS) , average total acidity (TTA), and flesh color (CP). The correlation between number of fruits por plant with an estimated production por plant has greater magnitude (rf = 0.92 **) that the correlation of fruit mass with an estimated production (rf = 0.54 **), indicating a greater contribution of the number of fruits por plant to obtain more productive families. The correlation of greater magnitude was the length of the fruit with fruit mass, indicating that the selection of plants with heavy fruit can be made directly in the field, from the length of the fruit. | O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o grau de associação entre caracteres fisicoquímicas do maracujazeiro-azedo (Passiflora edulis), auxiliando assim os programas de melhoramento que utilizam a seleção indireta. Avaliou-se 1120 frutos colhidos em ensaio com 26 famílias de irmãos completos de maracujazeiro-azedo, nos quais mensuraram-se as seguintes características: número de frutos por planta (NF), produção estimada (PE), massa média do fruto (MF), massa média da casca (MC), massa média da polpa (MP), comprimento médio do fruto (CF), diâmetro médio do fruto (DF), espessura média da casca (EC), teor médio de sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável média (ATT), e coloração da polpa (CP). A correlação entre número de frutos por planta com produção estimada por planta apresenta magnitude maior (r f = 0.92**) que a correlação massa do fruto com produção estimada (r f = 0.54**), indicando a maior contribuição do número de frutos por planta para obtenção de famílias mais produtivas. A correlação de maior magnitude foi comprimento do fruto com massa do fruto, indicando que a seleção de plantas com frutos pesados podem ser feitas diretamente no campo, a partir do comprimento do fruto.

In this study, examined the structure and problems of fruit sapling producing enterprises and offers solutions in The Hatay Province. The data were obtained from 92 enterprises by the method of full count and face to face with producers. Of the 51.15% population in creating family business primary school graduates, the proportion of university graduates remained at 8.62%. The rate of agricultural engineer employment in the businesses is 2.18%. While 64.05% of the enterprisers the father's profession, this profession began taking 3.37's% of nursery education. Average potential family labour is the 4.22 male labour forces in enterprises. The family labour utilization rate was calculated as 50.71%. Of the 88.48% in fruit sapling businesses, 5.32's% in other agricultural productions and 5.22's% in non-agricultural jobs of total used men workforce. The businesses have average total land size of 25.74 acres which it has established 12 acres of fruit sapling production land. While 74.58% of the total fruit sapling land is property, 25.42's% is for rent situation. The operating capital is calculated as the average of 229.308 TL. The most common species of fruit sapling production were citrus (46.20%) and olive trees (35.29%). The problems faced by most of the farms in the region were high input prices, excessive bureaucratic procedures preventing memberships into the union, an inadequate amount of support provided by the state, production-threatening diseases of plants and difficulties in finding qualified staff in the region. The results show that enterprises need to increase their production capacity, to unite under one organization to facilitate the resolution of problems.

Abstract Nanotechnology advent in agri-food sector is set to prompt next revolution in agricultural engineering. However, there is a perpetually rising need for development of new nanotechnologies that could synchronically work with various agrochemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and growth promoters to potentially increase farmlands efficiency, preserve agro-ecosystems, and diminish the negative health risks imposed by conventional practices. In nanotechnology, smart delivery systems that utilize either nanoscale carriers such as clay nanotubes and carbon nanotubes or nanoparticles such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles, could enable not only the accurate and targeted delivery of functional ingredients but also their impartial dissemination over farmlands. Nanotechnology has found applications for bioremediation of irrigation water and agricultural runoff, crop breeding, agronomic traits via genetic manipulation of genomes at molecular level, and detection of minute quantities of contaminants and stressors as well as early detection of plant diseases and continuous monitoring of plant environment through employment of nano-biosensors. Scientists are diligently working to explore new substitutes for conventional technologies. Advancements in nanotechnology could help them to explore new frontiers and find novel applications in agri-food sector. | Resumen El advenimiento de la nanotecnología en el sector agrícola está programado para impulsar la próxima revolución en la ingeniería agrícola. Sin embargo, existe una creciente necesidad de desarrollo de nuevas nanotecnologías que puedan trabajar sincrónicamente con diversos agroquímicos como fertilizantes, pesticidas, herbicidas y promotores de crecimiento para aumentar potencialmente la eficiencia de las tierras de cultivo, preservar los agroecosistemas y disminuir lo negativo Riesgos para la salud impuestas por las prácticas convencionales. En nanotecnología, los sistemas inteligentes de entrega que utilizan portadores a nanoescala como nanotubos de arcilla y nanotubos de carbono o nanopartículas como nanopartículas de sílice mesoporosas y nanopartículas de plata, podrían permitir no sólo la entrega precisa y específica de ingredientes funcionales sino también su difusión imparcial sobre las tierras de cultivo. La nanotecnología ha encontrado aplicaciones para la biorremediación del agua de riego y la escorrentía agrícola, la mejora de los rasgos de los cultivos mediante la manipulación genética de los genomas a nivel molecular y la detección de cantidades diminutas de contaminantes y factores de estrés, El seguimiento continuo del medio ambiente vegetal mediante el empleo de nanobiosensores. Los científicos están trabajando diligentemente para explorar nuevos sustitutos de las tecnologías convencionales. Los avances en nanotecnología podrían ayudarles a explorar nuevas fronteras y encontrar nuevas aplicaciones en el sector agrícola.

Phosphorus plays a fundamental role in plant metabolic processes.  Lack of phosphorus in agricultural soils is compensated with chemical fertilizers, which increase the cost of production and contaminate the environment.  One approach to avoid this situation is the use of P-solubilizing fungi as biofertilizers.  In this study, the solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2 by five native soil-borne micromycetes (SBM) isolated from the rhizosphere of Carica papaya plants was evaluated.  The significant nutritional factors involved in the solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2 by Penicillium hispanicum were determined through a Plackett-Burman experimental design (PBED). Both Penicillium SP1 (108.5 mg/L) and P. hispanicum (106.5 mg/L) solubilized 100% of Ca3(PO4)2 at six days of culture.  All studied SBM decreased the pH of the culture mediumfrom 4.15 (control) to <2.45.  The PBED revealed that the solubilization of Ca3(PO4)2 by P. hispanicum was significantly influenced (P < 0.05) by low values of MnSO4 (0.002 g/L), (NH4)2SO4 (0.25 g/L) and pH (4.0) and a high amount of Ca3(PO4)2 (0.75 g/L).  Total protein content was influenced significantly (P <0.05) by low amounts of glucose (5.0 g/L), yeast extract (0.25 g/L), inoculum (1×105 conidia/mL) and pH (4.0) and high amounts of MgSO4 (0.15 g/L), FeSO4 (0.003 g/L) and Ca3(PO4)2 (0.75 g/L).  Meanwhile, biomass production was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by a high level of glucose (15.0 g/L) and inoculum amount (1×107 conidia/mL).  In conclusion, P. hispanicum is a good candidate for further field experiments to test Ca3(PO4)2 solubilization in poor soils that lack Cand N sources. | El fósforo es fundamental en los procesos metabólicos de las plantas.  La falta de fósforo en los suelos agrícolas se compensa con fertilizantes químicos, incrementando el costo de producción y contaminando el medio ambiente.  Una alternativa ante esta situación es el uso de hongos solubilizadores de P como biofertilizantes.  En este estudio se evaluó la solubilización del Ca3(PO4)2 por cinco micromicetos nativos del suelo (MNS) aislados de la rizosfera de plantas de Carica papaya.  Además, se determinaron los factores nutricionales significativos implicados en la solubilización de fosfato tricálcico -Ca3(PO4)2- por Penicillium hispanicum a través de un diseño experimental Plackett-Burman (DEPB).  Tanto Penicillium SP1 (108.5 mg/L) como P. hispanicum (106.5 mg/L) solubilizaron al 100% el Ca3(PO4)2, a los 6 días de cultivo.  Todos los MNS evaluados disminuyeron el pH del medio de cultivo de 4.15 a <2.45.  El DEPB reveló que la solubilización de Ca3(PO4)2 por P. hispanicum fue influenciada (P < 0.05) por valores bajos de MnSO4 (0.002 g/L), (NH4)2SO4 (0.25 g/L) y pH (4.0) y un valor alto de Ca3(PO4)2 (0.75 g/L).  El contenido de proteína fue influenciado (P < 0.05) por valores bajos de glucosa (5.0 g/L), extracto de levadura (0.25 g/L), inóculo (1×105 conidios/mL) y pH (4.0) y valores altos de MgSO4 (0.15 g/L), FeSO4 (0.003 g/L) y Ca3(PO4)2 (0.75 g/L).  Finalmente, la producción de biomasa fue influenciada (P < 0.05) por valores altos de glucosa (15.0 g/L) e inóculo (1×107 conidios/mL).  Penicillium hispanicum es un buen candidato para futuros experimentos en campo para la solubilización del Ca3(PO4)2 en suelos con limitado C y N.