Bifora radians M. Bieb. Dünya genelinde çok geniş yayılım alanı bulan Asya’ya özgü tek yıllık bir yabancı ottur. Geniş bir ekolojik toleransının ve yüksek rekabet yeteneğinin olması, B. radians’ı buğday yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlarda sorun haline getirmiştir. Herbisitlere dayanıklılığın, popülasyon dinamiğinin bilinme gerekliliği ve demografik verilere duyulan ihtiyaçtan dolayı bitkilerdeki varyasyon çalışmaları önem arz etmektedir. Asetolaktat sentez inhibitörü herbisitlere dayanıklı 29 ve duyarlı 22 olmak üzere 51 lokasyondan toplanan B. radians popülasyonları morfolojik ve biyolojik farklılıklarına göre karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre parametre verileri dayanıklı ve hassas popülasyonlar arasında belirgin farklılığı göstermiş ve bu çeşitlilik benzer lokasyonlar için de geçerli olmuştur. B. radians genotipleri arasındaki morfolojik ve biyolojik çeşitlilik; coğrafi lokasyonlar, farklı aktif maddeli ve farklı etki tarzlarına sahip herbisit uygulamaları, yetiştirilen ürünler ve uygulanan farklı tarımsal uygulamalar nedeniyle meydana gelebilmektedir. Yabancı ot popülasyonları arasındaki farklılık biyolojik ve kimyasal mücadele çalışmalarını etkileyebilmektedir.

Phaeodactylum tricornutum is the microalgae that is known to produce lipid. In this study, it was aimed to estimate the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum dry matter cultured in the conditions of nitrogen deficiency as a stress factor, in outdoor, in photo bioreactors, by using multiple regression analysis method. In this study, diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin) was cultured medium of which N was reduced by 50% and with 20% inoculation ratio. The light intensity, temperature, optical density and chlorophyll a, were measured daily. The mathematical model was formed for control group and 50 % of the N applied to the group using optical density, temperature, light intensity, chlorophyll a and without chlorophyll a. The regression equation of control group was estimated. The R2 value of control group was found 95.1% and statistically significant. Then, the regression equation was estimated for control group without chlorophyll a. The R2 value of this equation was found 94.0% and statistically significant. And then, the regression equation was estimated in 50% nitrogen. The R2 value of control group was found 92.4% and statistically significant. Finally, the regression equation was estimated in 50% nitrogen deficiency without chlorophyll a. The R2 value of this equation was found 91.7% and statistically significant.

Temel mikro-besin elementi demir (Fe) bitkide önemli rolleri bulunan birçok metalloproteinin aktif bölgesinde kofaktör olarak yer alır. Öte yandan aşırı reaktif olduğundan, hücre içerisinde fazla birikimi reaktif oksijen türlerinin üretimini tetikleyerek hücre ölümlerine neden olur. Dolayısıyla hücre içerisindeki demir homeostazı bitki gelişimi için çok önemlidir. Bitkiler demiri kök içerisine aldıktan sonra hücre içi kompartmanlara dağıtımını yaparlar. Hücre içi demir taşınımı ve dolayısıyla hücresel demir homeostazı farklı membran protein ailelerinin senkronize kontrolü sayesinde yürütülmektedir. Bu membran proteinlerinin demir eksikliği altında ifade seviyelerinin arttığı keşfedilmiştir. Bu taşıyıcıların görev ve regülasyonlarının irdelenmesi bitkilerdeki demir alım ve dağıtım mekanizmalarının anlaşılması açısından çok önemlidir. Bu yüzden bu derlemede hücre içerisine alınan demirin organellere dağıtımından sorumlu taşıyıcılar ile bu taşıyıcılar hakkındaki güncel gelişmelerden bahsedilmektedir.

Organik hayvansal üretim, hayvanların fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarına uygun bakım ve besleme yöntemlerinin uygulandığı, gerektiğinde alternatif ilaç ve tedaviye öncelik verilerek hayvan sağlığının korunduğu doğal bir yetiştirme sistemidir. Hayvan yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan antibiyotik ve antiparaziter ilaçlara karşı dirençli suşların giderek artması, hayvansal ürünlerde ilaç kalıntılarının meydana gelmesi ve bu ürünleri tüketen insanlarda önemli sağlık problemlerine yol açması alternatif bitkisel çözüm arayışlarını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Orta Anadolu Bölgesi halk veteriner hekimliği özelinde kullanılan bitkisel drogların organik hayvansal üretimde tedavi ve koruyucu etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini, Orta Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki (Çankırı, Kayseri, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Yozgat) hayvan yetiştiricilerinden elde edilen yazılı, sözlü ve görsel veriler oluşturdu. Çalışmada, sığır, koyun, at, tavuk, arı ve köpek türlerinde görülen iç hastalıkları, cerrahi hastalıklar, doğum ve jinekolojik sorunlar ve paraziter hastalıklarda tedavi amacıyla 30 bitkisel drogun kullanıldığı tespit edildi. Organik hayvancılıkta başta antibiyotikler olmak üzere her türlü sentetik ilaç kullanımının yasaklandığı ya da sınırlandığı değerlendirildiğinde, sürü sağlığının korunması ve tedavisinde bu maddelerin yerine doğal olan bitkisel drogların tercih edilmesinin olumlu katkılar sağlayacağı ileri sürülebilir.

Garlic is very rich plant in terms of carbohydrates, enzymes, sulphurous and phenolic compounds, proteins and vitamins. At the same time, natural and artificial radionuclides and heavy metals can be found in the garlic depending on the structure of the cultivated soil. Garlic, used as medicine in the treatment of most diseases, is also consumed as raw, powder, mash and volatile garlic oil. In this study, the effects of different storage conditions on the element and radionuclide content of the garlic were determined. The results obtained from this study were compared with the limit values of international institutions. As a result, the radionuclide concentrations and element contents of Taşköprü Garlic will not pose any threat to human health even if the garlic is exposed to different storage conditions.

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different seaweed doses on yield and nutritional values of hydroponic wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) juice in the climatization chamber of Karabuk University, Eskipazar Vocational School, Department of Crop and Animal Production between the dates of 15.01.2015 and 15.06.2015. In the research, four different seaweed doses (Control; 0, D1; 150, D2; 300, D3; 450 and D4; 600 ppm) and control were applied to irrigation water and their effects on the content of biomass rate, biomass and grass yield, grass juice yield and pH, plant height and root length, biomass and grass dry matter rate, grass juice energy and macronutrient values (protein, carbohydrate, fat, dietary fiber and ash) were analysed. According to the results, while the highest biomass and grass yield, plant height values were obtained from D1, D2, D3 and D4 treatments, the highest grass juice yield and root length were obtained from D3 treatment. The highest pH, grass dry matter content was obtained from control treatment. Seaweed dose treatments were not had influence on grass juice energy values. However, the rise in the grass juice yield was caused a rise in the total energy values in the unit area. D3 treatments can be recommendable to achieve the highest grass juice yield.

The objective of this study was to investigate the drying characteristics and kinetics of red pepper and bitter leaf under the influence of different drying temperatures. The drying experiments were carried out at dry bulb temperature of 35, 45, 55 and 75oC, respectively in an oven dryer. The results showed that as drying temperature increased, drying rate also increased and the drying time decreased. It was observed that un-sliced red pepper and sliced bitter leaf would dry within 2.5-12 h and 1.67-7 h, respectively at temperature ranging from 75 to 35oC. The drying of red pepper and bitter leaf was both in the constant and falling rate period. Four semi-empirical mathematical drying models (Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, and Logarithmic models) were fitted to the experimental drying curves. The models were compared using the coefficient of determination (R^2) and the root mean square error (RMSE). The Page model has shown a better fit to the experimental drying data of red pepper and bitter leaf, respectively as relatively compared to other tested models. Moisture transport during drying was described by the application of Fick’s diffusion model and the effective moisture diffusivity was estimated. The value ranges from 15.69 to 84.79 × 10-9 m2/s and 0.294 to 1.263 × 10-9 m2/s for red pepper and bitter leaf, respectively. The Arrhenius-type relationship describes the temperature dependence of effective moisture diffusivity and was determined to be 37.11 kJ/mol and 32.86 kJ/mol for red pepper and bitter leaf, respectively. A correlation between the drying time and the heat transfer area was also developed.

Crop production in West Africa is mostly dependent upon rainfed agriculture. Irrigation is a vital need due to uneven distribution of rainfall and seasonality of water resources. However, management and sustainability of irrigation are under risk due to notably weak database, excessive cost, unappropriate soil or land use, environmental problems and extreme pessimism in some quarters since rainfed agriculture is seen as potentially able to support the present population. This paper focuses on modernized irrigation technologies and systems that utilize less water. Information about irrigation systems in Ghana and Liberia were gathered through: 1) Irrigation development authorities in both countries, by reviewing past literatures, online publications, reports and files about irrigation in West Africa, specifically Ghana and Liberia; 2) International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); 3) Collation of information, reports and data from Ghana Irrigation Development Authority (GIDA) and 4) International Water Management Institute (IWMI). The result shows that both countries have higher irrigation potential. However, the areas developed for irrigation is still a small portion as compare to the total land available for irrigation. On the other hand, as seen in the result, Liberia as compare to Ghana has even low level of irrigation development.

Agriculture is an important sector in Turkey’s economy. Access to credit financing is critical for timely acquisition of different inputs, farm productivity, and ultimately farmers’ financial well-being. Historically, Ziraat Bank and Agricultural Credit Cooperatives, supported by Turkish government, have been the principle supplier of loanable funds in the agricultural sector. However, since 2000, many private banks have discovered the potential of this market and entered the competition. This study was designed to investigate the structure of the agricultural credit market in Turkey and identify factors that influence farmers’ preference among alternative lenders. It was found that although the 550 Turkish farmers surveyed had several options among lenders, low interest rates and attainable eligibility criteria emerged as the most important differentiators among banks. Results from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) demonstrate the rising role of private banks’ credit. However, Ziraat Banks’ subsidized credits still dominant and its composite weight is 30.74% of total amount of agricultural credit market.

The difficulty of sex determination in most poultry species causes significant financial losses for poultry production as birds cannot be separated at early stages of growth for meat or egg production. Therefore it is important to determine bird’s sex with zoometric parameters. This study was carried out to determine the sex of Japanese quails with zoometric measurements, such as live weight, body length, chest depth and chest width. Eighty-eight male and female Japanese quail chicks were used individually for live weight, chest depth (mm), chest width (mm) and body length (mm) with using digital scaled balance and caliper for every week over a period of six weeks. The weekly collected data were applied to t test for estimating the sex discrimination. The Pearson’s correlation was applied for examining the interrelationship between sex and biometric traits. The results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between live weight and body length beginning with the 2nd week. Therefore, zoometric measurement of these body traits is suitable for discriminating the sex of Japanese quails in early phase of life.