In this study, it was aimed to determine there and fecundity by adapting crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) obtained from Bafra Fish Lakes (Ulugöl-Samsun) in culture conditions. Crayfish obtained in November 2016 were stocked in tanks and egg and morphometric characteristics of female crayfish with carrying eggs were determined. Correlation analysis were used for the relationship between the determined parameters. The mean total weight and total length of crayfish were 41.79±3.00g, 10.72±0.22cm, respectively whereas the mean number and diameter of eggs were 156.40±33.24 and 2.50±0.12mm. There were positive strong relationship between total length and total weight of crayfish negative relationship was found between egg diameter and total number of eggs, egg diameter and total weight of eggs and egg diameter and number of eggs for per unit of live weight.

Water deficit is one of the main limiting factors affecting plant growth. Selection in water-limited environments can result in populations or species with improved response to drought. Water deficit decreases yield and quality, therefore, it is important to identify genotypes that are tolerant to deficit irrigation conditions. In this study, the water-deficit tolerance of 59 pepper-inbred lines was determined. Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber and under field conditions (Şanlıurfa) with a control (100% full-irrigation) and water-deficit treatment (50% irrigation). Fruit weight, fruit length and number of fruits were recorded. Pepper lines 1900, 896 A-W, 74, 760, 1560-W, 912 A-W, 405-A, 953-W, 226, 1105-W and 441 were identified as the most tolerant to water deficit conditions. Present findings revealed that these pepper lines could be used to develop cultivars that have satisfactory yield under water deficit conditions.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of non-genetic factors on growth and reproductive traits in Saanen goats. For this aim, total of 274 Saanen goats and kids were investigated for growth and reproductive traits in South Marmara Region of Turkey. Fertility parameters were evaluated during two reproductive years. Saanen kids were measured from birth to 6 months of life. The average live weights at birth, weaning, 60th, 90th, 120th and 180th days of age were calculated and determined as 3.05±0.04kg, 11.80±0.27kg, 12.26±0.08kg, 14.20±0.32kg, 17.41±0.45kg, 25.01±0.65kg, respectively. The effects of sex and birth type on live weights until 90th days of age; maternal age only on birth weight; month at birth on all of investigated days were found significant statistically. The pregnancy, birth rate per pregnancy (BRP), birth rate per mating (BRM), infertility, abortion, kidding rate (single, twin or triplet), survival rate (until weaning), number of kids per parturition (NKP), number of kids per mating (NKM) were found; 92.98%, 85.07%, 91.25%, 7.02%, 8.75%, 36.12%, 49.00%, 14.88%, 89.13% and 1.74±0.06, 1.42±0.07 respectively. The effects of maternal age on all rates (out of BRM and abortion rate); the year on birth, abortion, single kidding rate, survival rate and NKM were found significant for reproductive traits. The advanced reproductive performance and rapid growth rates were observed in Saanen goats. Environmental factors such as age, year, sex, birth type and month at birth were found significant on some growth and reproductive traits in Saanen. So consideration of these factors could be useful as a selection criteria in dairy goat breeding.

Bu araştırmada amaç, Giresun İli Bulancak İlçesi fındık üreticilerinin tarım sigortası yaptırma durumları ve fındıkta sigorta yaptırmayı etkileyen bazı faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. 138 üretici ile çalışılmıştır. Bölgede fındık üretim alanlarında don, dolu ve rüzgârdan dolayı sık sık ürün kayıplarıyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Araştırmaya dâhil olan fındık üreticilerinin %97,83’ü doğal afetle karşılaşmış ve kayba uğramıştır. Üreticilerinin %84,78’i tarım sigortası hakkında bilgi sahibidir. Ancak çoğu (%60,87) tarım sigortası yaptırmamaktadır. Bu araştırmada tarım sigortası yaptırmada etkili olan faktörler Binary Logit analizi ile test edilmiştir. Üreticilerin sigorta yaptırmada istatistiki olarak olası etkili olan faktörler ise; üreticilerin sahip oldukları arazi büyüklüğü, yıllık tarımsal gelirleri, sürekli afet riski ve maliyetlerin yüksek olma durumu olarak belirlenmiştir.

This study was carried out in greenhouse and laboratories of Department of Horticulture (Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey) in 2013-2014 production seasons in Ordu ecological condition. Commercial garden cress standard seeds were used as plant materials. Plant densities were calculated upon the seed quantity spread on 1 m2, and seeds were sown for 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g per m2. Peat: perlite mix prepared in proportion of 3:1 was used as the growing medium and filled in 50×16×14 cm sized plastic pots. The garden cress plants were harvested on the 45th day after seeding. The yield, leaf petiole length, leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll content of the harvested plants were determined. It has been determined that quality parameters vary depending on plant density and varieties. The highest plant yield was obtained from “BT Bu-ter” garden cress variety with 2.489.2 g/m2. The plant yield in different plant densities was increased in the rates varying between 3.31% and 8.25%. The increasing plant densities caused an increase in yield but negatively affected the leaf quality in terms of both length and chlorophyll content. Leaf width, leaf length, leaf petiole length and chlorophyll content were decreased depending on the increase in plant densities. Based on the information obtained, it was considered useful to choose a plant densities based on the variety and growing season according to the growing purpose.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the risk management strategies and the level of risk perception of the entrepreneurs in agricultural enterprises classified according to production activities. Risk behaviours of entrepreneurs were examined according to the enterprise typologies, and the reference game was used for this purpose. The success of the economic activities of the enterprises was determined by an analysis of the annual operating results. The risk perception was investigated according to the enterprise typology. As a result, it was determined to be perceived as risk factors: drought, fluctuation of input and product prices in the livestock enterprises; drought, precipitation, pests, frost and hail in the mixed plant enterprises; drought, precipitation, frost and hail in the mixed plant and livestock enterprises; pest, diseases, hail, drought and precipitation in the specialized perennial enterprises; storm, capital shortage, loans, price fluctuation, yield fluctuation and fire in the specialized horticulture enterprises; drought, frost, hail, insufficient and unpredictable precipitation in the crop enterprises. The general information on agricultural issues, the implementation of new farming techniques, the diversity in production, the planned debt, the contract production, agricultural protection and the market follow were found out as management strategies for these risk factors.

Public health around the globe is still under the major threats and of some serious infectious diseases though a marvelous progress carried out in the field of human medicines. Therefore, use of products from natural sources as medicinal agent probably antecede in human history. The advancement and knowledge of various useful plants and their properties, functions and its use over synthetic drugs has increased in recent years. Bauhinia variegata L. (Kachnar) is an ornamental flowering plant within the Leguminosae family. Hairy branches of the plant are widely used in various traditional remedies to cure vast range of disease infections. Several plant portions, like roots, stem and stem bark, leaves, buds and flowers, are not only popular in different disease treatment but also useful in the manufacture of fibers, gum and to conserve the nature. The phytochemical screening exposed that B. variegata consist of various important secondary metabolites like flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and steroids, saponins and tannins compounds that are appropriate to be used in the treatment of various biological activities, such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, antitumor, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiulcer, anticarcinogenic effects, anti-inflammatory, nephro and hepatoprotective effects and wound healing effect. The current review is to demonstrate the medicinal, nutritional and biological importance of B. variegata as multidimensional effects on various diseases.

In this study, which was performed on an over-grazing pasture in Şanlıurfa under the influence of a dry climate, the effects of different breeding methods such as natural(control), fertilization, insemination, fertilization+insemination+insemination+insemination + release on natural pastures were investigated. In order to increase the yield potential of Natural Pastures in the research area, manure, seedling, fertilization+seedling, fertilization+seedling+version methods were applied on both protected and grazing fields. Using the transect method, key plant species in the region were determined. As a result of the research, according to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in grazing area was 47.98 kg/da fertilized seedlings and the lowest yield was 21.40 kg/da natural (control) seedlings. According to two-year averages, the highest dry grass yield in the protected area was obtained from 171.29 kg/da manure, and the lowest value was obtained from 82.77 kg/da natural (control) pasture. According to the results of breeding methods applied in the field of research; in addition to protecting pasture areas, a suitable fertilization is required. In addition, it was concluded that the desired result could be achieved by making a regular grazing according to the rules of grazing amanjman.

The agricultural production model which is done in order to provide food security, sustainability, and traceability in the agriculture, protect the natural sources and perform agricultural production, harmless to the environment, human and animal health, is called as Good Agricultural Practices. This study covers agricultural enterprises engaged in good agricultural practices and non-engaged in good agricultural practices in Adana province. The aim of the research is to compare the general characteristics of farms and to determine their views on good agricultural practices. The main material of the study constituted the primary data obtained through the survey of the 170 enterprises engaged in good agricultural and the non-used citrus (lemon and mandarin) farming in Adana province. According to the survey, it was determined that a higher level of education in enterprises engaged in ITU. The majority of good agricultural producers are residents in cities and towns and have social security. About 84.71% of good agricultural producers practise ITU in order to benefit support. It was determined that 25.88% of no good agriculture practices found ITU unnecessary. The 67.06% of producers stated that the market situation of the ITU products is similar to conventional products.

Genetically modified (GM) crops are being planted at large scale worldwide. In most of the countries, GM crops are processed into livestock feed. The land is used for cultivation of GM plants has been increased in recent years; in 2012 GM plants were grown on over 170 million hectares in 28 countries by 17.3 million farmers and extended to 185.1 million hectors in 2016 worldwide. GM plants have been used as feed for animals and the number of studies has proved their safety for animal and public health. This paper reviews the possible effects of GM crops on livestock, poultry, and aquatic animals by reviewing different type of studies, in which parameters such as performance, reproductive and health assessment were investigated. The most of peer-reviewed papers evaluating the effects of feeding animals with transgenic crops were based on GM plants with improved agronomic traits i.e. herbicide-tolerant plants and pets-tolerant plants; however, in some cases GM plants with boosted nutritional properties assessed. In most experiments, either Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize, Roundup Ready (RR) soybean or both fed to animals. Measurable differences in various parameters were mostly observed in Bt maize and soybean fed separately or simultaneously to animals. In this review, scientific studies showing the effects of the use of GM products in the nutrition of domestic animals on performance, health and reproductive parameters are investigated.