Este trabalho analisa a questão do financiamento da produção agrícola sob uma ótica sistêmica, considerando o papel dos agentes privados no fornecimento de crédito rural. Desenvolve-se a idéia de que o volume e o custo de recursos financeiros disponibilizados para a produção agrícola são afetados por "fricções" em diversas transações sequenciais interligando emprestadores e tomadores de crédito. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar as vantagens comparativas dos diversos agentes que atuam no mercado de crédito, enfocando o potencial de cada agente em reduzir as tais fricções. Esta análise comparativa baseia-se na leitura do funcionamento do mercado de crédito agrícola dos Estados Unidos e pode ser aplicada nara o desenvolvimento de novos arranjos contratuais no mercado brasileiro.

The growing complexity of supply chains poses new challenges for Agricultural Research Centers and statistical agencies. The aim of this perspective paper is to discuss the role of empirical research in understanding the complex forms of governance in agribusiness. The authors argue that there are three fundamental levels of analysis: (i) the basic structure of the market, (ii) the formal contractual arrangements that govern relations within the agroindustrial system and (iii) the transactional dimensions governed by non-contractual means. The case of the agrochemical industry in Brazil illustrates how traditional analyses that only address market structure are insufficient to fully explain the agricultural sector and its supply chain. The article concludes by suggesting some indicators which could be collected by statistical agencies to improve understanding of the complex relationships among agribusiness segments. In doing so, the paper seeks to minimize costs and to enable a better formulation of public and private policies.

This study explores the instability created by contradictory court decisions related with contract breaches. Forward marketing contracts represent an important source of resources to finance Brazilian agriculture, however a large number of contract breaches were observed during a period of marked increase in soy prices. The study analyzed 161 judicial appeal decisions and a survey was carried with 70 farmers. The results show the difference of judges' interpretation and the existence of second order effects. The effects of court decisions were more requirements of guarantees and the reduction in the number of contracts. Those soybean farmers who did not breach their contracts have also been negatively affected by the strategic reactions of trading and processing companies. The concept of "social function of the contract" introduced in Brazilian civil code led to a higher degree of instability in contracts, raising transaction costs and motivating private economic sanctions.