RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os parâmetros fitomorfológicos da cultura da soja em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária e inoculados com Azospirillum brasilense. O experimento foi conduzido em Santa Maria, em dois agrícolas (2012/2013 e 2013/2014), num delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. No período de inverno a pastagem de aveia preta e azevém foi manejada com ovinos em diferentes sistemas de pastejo: (I) - pastejo convencional (PC), onde os animais permaneciam na pastagem por todo o período experimental sem um controle da altura da pastagem, (II,III e IV) - altura da pastagem na saída dos animais de 10, 20 e 30 cm e uma testemunha sem pastejo (SP), três doses de nitrogênio (0, 50 e 100 kg ha-1) e com ou sem inoculação (Azospirillum brasilense). A semeadura da soja foi realizada em semeadura direta em 16 de novembro de 2012 e 01 de dezembro de 2013, utilizando-se a cultivar BMX Potência RR. Em cada parcela, se utilizou sete fileiras de plantas com espaçamento de 0,45 m, sendo que em quatro fileiras as sementes foram inoculadas com a bactéria Azospirillum brasilense. Foram avaliadas variáveis fitomorfológicas e a produtividade de grãos. Em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária a cultura da soja possui melhores produtividades quando estabelecida sobre pastagem de aveia preta e azevém manejadas com alturas de pastejo entre 20 e 30 cm. As áreas sob pastejo convencional no inverno proporcionam plantas de soja menores, com menores inserções de primeira e última vagem. A inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense não deve ser usada isoladamente na cultura da soja. | ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomorphological parameters of soybean in a crop-livestock system inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, for two agricultural years (2 Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author. 012/2013 and 2013/2014) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the winter, the black oat and ryegrass pasture was managed with sheep under different grazing systems: (I) - a conventional grazing (CG) system, where the animals remained in the pasture throughout the experimental period without any pasture height control; (II, III, and IV) - systems with post-grazing pasture heights of 10, 20, and 30 cm, respectively; and (NG) - one control without grazing. All treatments received two nitrogen doses (50 and 100 kg ha-1) and inoculation or no inoculation (A. brasilense). The soybean cultivar BMX Potência RR was sown using no-tillage on 16 November 2012 and 1 December 2013. In each plot, seven rows of plants with spacing of 0.45 m were used, and in four rows, the seeds were inoculated with the bacterium A. brasilense. The phytomorphological variables and grain productivity were evaluated. In a croplivestock system, soybean has better productivity when established on black oat and ryegrass pasture managed with post-grazing pasture heights of between 20 and 30 cm. Areas under conventional grazing in the winter led to smaller soybean plants with lower first and last pod heights. Inoculation with A. brasilense should not be used alone in soybean cultivation.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomorphological parameters of soybean in a crop-livestock system inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, for two agricultural years (2 Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author. 012/2013 and 2013/2014) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In the winter, the black oat and ryegrass pasture was managed with sheep under different grazing systems: (I) - a conventional grazing (CG) system, where the animals remained in the pasture throughout the experimental period without any pasture height control; (II, III, and IV) - systems with post-grazing pasture heights of 10, 20, and 30 cm, respectively; and (NG) - one control without grazing. All treatments received two nitrogen doses (50 and 100 kg ha-1) and inoculation or no inoculation (A. brasilense). The soybean cultivar BMX Potência RR was sown using no-tillage on 16 November 2012 and 1 December 2013. In each plot, seven rows of plants with spacing of 0.45 m were used, and in four rows, the seeds were inoculated with the bacterium A. brasilense. The phytomorphological variables and grain productivity were evaluated. In a croplivestock system, soybean has better productivity when established on black oat and ryegrass pasture managed with post-grazing pasture heights of between 20 and 30 cm. Areas under conventional grazing in the winter led to smaller soybean plants with lower first and last pod heights. Inoculation with A. brasilense should not be used alone in soybean cultivation.