RESUMO A umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.), frutífera nativa do Nordeste brasileiro, produz frutos muito valorizados pelas agroindústrias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de agroquímicos e lesões no enraizamento e na formação de mudas/estacas, foi conduzido na Embrapa em Pacajus, CE, em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos: T1 = testemunha, T2 = estacas feridas + Sela Gel®, T3 = estacas feridas + Radimax®, T4 = estacas incisadas + Sela Gel® e T5 = estacas incisadas + Radimax®. Os ambientes (blocos): pleno sol; teto com plena sombra; sombrite 50% nas laterais e no teto; e sombrite 50% no teto. As parcelas tinham oito estacas, totalizando 160 estacas. Dos propágulos retirados de plantas, preparam-se estacas lenhosas, com 25 cm de comprimento e médias de 29,7 mm de diâmetro e 8,7 gemas/estaca. Em seguida foram tratadas com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 0,05%/4 minutos; depois fez-se os ferimentos e as incisões e aplicou-se o Sela Gel® por pincelamento e o Radimax® por imersão em solução de 10 mL/L d'água/10 minutos. O plantio foi em vasos plásticos pretos, com capacidade 6L, cheios com vermiculita + pó de cascas de coco + bagana de carnaúba triturada + cascas de arroz carbonizada (2:1:1:1, v/v), previamente pasteurizados. Entre os tratamentos e os blocos houve diferenças significativas. A incisão e a aplicação do Sela Gel® induziram a formação de calo, o enraizamento e a formação de mudas vigorosas, enquanto o Radimax® não induziu o enraizamento. | ABSTRACT Umbu-caja (Spondias sp.) is a fruit tree native to the Northeast region of Brazil, which is grown because of its highly valuable fruits for fruit processing industries. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of agrochemical applications and cutting types on the rooting and development of Spondias sp. plantlets. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, in Pacajus, CE, Brazil. A randomize block experimental design was used, with five treatments - control (T1); cuttings with two lesions at the base (CL) + rooting gel (RG) (Sela Gel®) (T2); CL + rooting fertilizer (RF) (Radimax®) (T3); cuttings with two transversal cross sections at the base (CS) + RG (T4); and CS + RF (T5). The environments (blocks) used were: full sun; 100% shade ceiling; 50% shade walls and ceiling; and 50% shade ceiling. The plots consisted of eight cuttings, totaling 160 cuttings. Propagules were taken from Spondias sp. plants to make woody cuttings with length of 25 cm, diameter of 29.7 mm, and mean bud per cutting of 8.7. All cuttings were immediately treated with a 0.05% sodium hypochlorite solution for four minutes before making the lesions and transversal cross sections and applying the treatments. The RG was applied by brushstroke, and the RF was applied by immersion in an aqueous solution of 10 mL L-1 for 10 minutes. The cuttings were planted into 6-liter black plastic pots filled with a pasteurized mixture of vermiculite, coconut husk powder, ground leaf fibers of Copernicia prunifera, and carbonized rice husk (2:1:1:1; v v-1). The treatments and blocks significantly affected the rooting and development of cuttings. The treatment with CS and application of the RG (T4) promoted root callus formation, rooting, and vigorous development of plantlets, whereas the RF (T3 and T5) failed to promote root formation.

ABSTRACT The objectives of the tests were to evaluate concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) combined with different types of cuttings and grafting methods on the vegetative propagation of cajazeira-dejabuti (S. testudinis). The experiment with stem cuttings was conducted in a greenhouse with an intermittent misting system. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 6 factorial arrangement consisting of five cutting types: apical, medial, basal, stratified, and tanchan, and six IBA concentrations: 0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1, with four replications of ten cuttings. The experiment with the root cuttings followed a randomized block design composed of six IBA concentrations (0, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1) with four replications, evaluating after 120 days the percentages of live, sprouted, rooted, and calloused cuttings, and the number and dry mass of roots and sprouts. Five grafting methods (chip budding, shield budding, cleft grafting, wedge grafting, and splice grafting) were tested by evaluating the graft success and sprouting percentages at 30 and 60 days after grafting, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The IBA concentrations of 0, 2,000, 3,000, and 5,000 mg kg-1 increased the number of sprouts in tanchan cuttings. The tanchan cuttings showed the highest survival and percentage of sprouts regardless of the IBA concentration. The IBA concentration of 2,200 mg kg-1 promotes higher rooting rates in root cuttings. Splice grafting provides higher graft success and sprouting rates.