ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the foam-mat drying kinetics of mango pulp (cv. Keitt) adding 1% Emustab® and 1% Super Liga Neutra®, for a whipping time of 20 minutes, dried in a forced -air convection oven at different temperatures (50, 60 and 70oC) and foam layer thicknesses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm). Drying kinetic data were used to build drying curves and then fit to Page, Henderson, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic and two-term Exponential models. Both temperature and foam layer thickness influenced drying time, which reached the shortest value at the highest temperature and smallest thickness. The Page model provided the best fit to the experimental drying curve data. | RESUMO Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a cinética de secagem em camada de espuma da polpa de manga cv. Keitt, com a incorporação de 1% de Emustab® e 1% de Super Liga Neutra®, para um tempo de batimento de 20 min, desidratada em estufa com circulação forçada de ar em diferentes temperaturas (50; 60 e 70 oC) e espessuras de camada de espuma (0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 cm). A partir dos dados obtidos durante a cinética de secagem foram construídas as curvas de secagem e ajustados os modelos de Page, Henderson, Henderson e Pabis, Logarítmico e Exponencial de dois termos. Verificou-se que a temperatura de secagem e a espessura da camada de espuma influenciaram no tempo de secagem, com os menores tempos de secagem observados na maior temperatura e na menor espessura. O modelo de Page foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais das curvas de secagem.

RESUMO: A manutenção do status hídrico de uma planta é essencial para seu desenvolvimento adequado em ambientes com limitação da disponibilidade de água. Diferentes espécies possuem diversos mecanismos que conferem maior habilidade de sobrevivência em condições de seca. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações de parâmetros fisiológicos da espécie isohídrica Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. O estudo envolveu experimentos com desidratação lenta (DL) realizado por meio da suspensão da irrigação seguida por reidratação, e com desidratação rápida (DR), onde folhas individuais foram destacadas e colocadas para desidratar em bancada de laboratório. Os resultados mostraram que apesar da porcentagem de água no solo atingir valores críticos (12%) logo nos primeiros dias de DL as plantas apresentaram manutenção do conteúdo relativo de água (≅80%) ao longo de 54 dias de DL, quando a fotossíntese líquida (PN) atingiu valores nulos. Ao longo de DL foi observado que a PN, a condutância estomática (gs), a eficiência instantânea de carboxilação, a eficiência fotoquímica e o conteúdo de clorofila foram reduzidos. No experimento de DR foi observada alta correlação entre PN e gs. Os resultados sugerem que a redução da fotossíntese foi inicialmente causada por um ajuste estomático, culminando com um desequilíbrio entre a produção de energia fotoquímica e o seu consumo pelo aparato bioquímico da fotossíntese. Entretanto, após a reidratação, os parâmetros de trocas gasosas foram recuperados, indicando que o comportamento isohídrico dessa espécie contribuiu para que as plantas não sofressem danos extensivos durante um período prolongado de suspensão da irrigação. | ABSTRACT: The maintenance of a plant water status is essential for keeping of its development in environments with limited water availability. Different species have different mechanisms that provide greater ability to survive under drought conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological parameters changes of the isohydric species Beaucarnea recurvate Lem. under irrigation suspension. The study involved experiments with slow dehydration (SD) performed by withholding water followed by plants rehydration, and with rapid dehydration (RD), where individual leaves were detached and placed to dehydrate in the laboratory bench. The results showed that although of the soil water content (% H2O) reach critical values (12%) in the first days of the irrigation suspension, the plants showed maintenance of the relative water content (≅80%) over the 54-day SD period, when the net photosynthesis (PN) reached null values. Throughout SD, it was observed that the PN, stomatal conductance (gs), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, the electrons transport rate, the potential quantum efficiency of PSII and chlorophyll content were reduced. In RD, experiment was observed a high correlation between PN and gs. The results suggest that the reduction in photosynthesis was initially caused by a stomatal adjustment that culminated in an imbalance between photochemical energy production and its consumption by biochemical apparatus of photosynthesis. However, after rehydration, all gas exchange parameters were recovered, indicating that the isohydric behavior of this species contributed to the plants did not suffer extensive damage during a prolonged period of irrigation suspension.

ABSTRACT The study of drying kinetics is fundamental for making the correct choice of time and temperature to be used in the drying process. In addition, mathematical modeling enables the simulation, optimization, sizing, and determination of the commercial application of the drying system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the kinetics and mathematical modeling of the drying process of macaúba almond [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart] performed at different temperatures. For this purpose, the drying was performed under three different temperatures: 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C. Four repetitions were performed for each temperature. The experimental data were fitted by nine different mathematical models. The choice of the best model was based on the following statistical parameters: magnitude of the adjusted coefficient of determination, magnitude of the mean relative error, and standard error of the estimate. It was observed that an increase in the drying temperature resulted in a reduction of drying time. The shortest drying time was observed in the treatment performed under 60 °C in which the almonds attained equilibrium moisture content at 34.08 h. The longest drying time was observed in the treatment performed under 40 °C, with the almonds attaining equilibrium moisture content at 404.40 h. Approximation of Diffusion, Midilli, Page, and Modified Page were the models that best described the drying process of macaúba almonds with the aim of subsidizing the design of industrial dryers.