RESUMO O coqueiro anão é a principal variedade para uso comercial no Brasil, que ocupa atualmente a quarta posição na produção mundial. No entanto, os genótipos utilizados no país ainda apresentam limitações e há necessidade de variabilidade genética. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a variabilidade genética em acessos de coqueiro-anão conservados no Banco de Germoplasma existente no Brasil, em diferentes épocas de colheita, utilizando descritores agronômicos de planta e frutos. Os acessos anão-verde-do-Brasil-de-Jiqui; anão-vermelho-de-Camarões; anão-vermelho-da-Malásia; anão-vermelho-de-Gramame; anão-amarelo-de-Gramame e anão-amarelo-da-Malásia foram avaliados por meio de 30 descritores. Análise de variância foi realizada e a diversidade genética foi quantificada utilizando a distância generalizada de Mahalanobis e expressa por meio de agrupamentos UPGMA, otimização de Tocher e variáveis canônicas. A análise de máxima verossimilhança foi utilizada para estimar os componentes de variância com os dados de cada planta em uma amostra de 11 descritores de maior importância para o melhoramento genético do coqueiro. Foi encontrada divergência fenotípica entre os acessos usando os agrupamentos UPGMA, Tocher e a dispersão gráfica obtida com variáveis canônicas. O emprego da análise de máxima verossimilhança confirma a existência de variabilidade genética nos acessos para os descritores diâmetro polar e equatorial do fruto, diâmetro polar da noz, peso total do fruto e espessura de epicarpo que apresentaram herdabilidade variando de 0,17 a 0,39. Há possibilidade de ganhos genéticos com a seleção desses caracteres para uso dos acessos em programas de melhoramento genético. | ABSTRACT Dwarf coconut tree is the main variety for commercial use in Brazil, which ranks fourth in world coconut production. However, the genotypes used still have limitations and genetic variability is required. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic variability in dwarf coconut accessions preserved at the Germplasm Bank of Brazil at different harvesting times and using agronomic descriptors of plant and fruits. The accessions Brazilian Green Dwarf-Jiqui, Cameroon Red Dwarf, Malayan Red Dwarf, Brazilian Red Dwarf-Gramame, Brazilian Yellow Dwarf-Gramame, and Malayan Yellow Dwarf were assessed by means of 30 descriptors Variance analysis was performed and the genetic diversity was quantified by using the Mahalanobis’ generalized distance and expressed by means of UPGMA clusters, Tocher optimization, and canonical variables. The maximum likelihood analysis was used to estimate the components of variance with the data of each plant in a sample of 11 descriptors of great importance for the genetic improvement of the coconut tree. A phenotypic divergence was found among the accessions using the UPGMA clusters, Tocher optimization and graphic dispersion obtained with canonical variables. The use of the maximum likelihood analysis confirms the existence of genetic variability in the accessions for the descriptors fruit polar and equatorial diameter, nut polar diameter, total fruit weight, and epicarp thickness, which presented a heritability varying from 0.17 to 0.39. There is a possibility of genetic gains with the selection of these traits for use of accessions in breeding programs.

ABSTRACT Fava bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) has great potential for the supply of vegetable protein, but its cultivation is still of little relevance when compared to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), being, in most cases, intercropped with other crops. The preservation of its genetic variability in germplasm banks, as well as the study of its genetic dissimilarity, has been helping in strategic design for improvement of the crop. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic variability of morphoagronomic characters and to quantify the genetic dissimilarity among Fava bean accessions by multivariate analysis. Eight accessions from the Active Fava Bean Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Piauí were evaluated through a randomized complete block design, with four replications, based on the number of days to maturation (NDM), mean pod length (CV), mean pod width (LV), mean pod thickness (EV), number of seeds per pod (NSV), weight of one hundred seeds (P100S) and productivity (PROD). Among the traits evaluated, only CV showed no genetic variability among the accessions. The analysis of divergence showed accessions UFPI 799 and UFPI 817 as the most divergent in relation to the others. The grouping method of Tocher and UPGMA allowed the formation of three groups. Singh's method indicated that LV, PROD and P100S contributed the most to the genetic divergence between the evaluated accessions. The accessions UFPI 817 and UFPI 797 can be used in crossings, as they are genetically distant and complementary in their characteristics. | RESUMO O feijão fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.) apresenta um grande potencial para o fornecimento de proteína vegetal, mas, o seu cultivo ainda tem pouca relevância se comparado ao do feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sendo, na maioria das vezes, consorciada com outras culturas. A preservação da sua variabilidade genética em bancos de germoplasma assim como o estudo da sua dissimilaridade genética, vem auxiliando no delineamento estratégico para o melhoramento da cultura. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a variabilidade genética de caracteres morfoagronômicos e quantificar a dissimilaridade genética entre acessos de feijão-fava por meio de análise multivariada. Foram avaliados oito acessos do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Feijão-Fava da Universidade Federal do Piauí, em delineamento de blocos completos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, com base no número de dias para maturação (NDM), comprimento médio da vagem (CV), largura média da vagem (LV), espessura média da vagem (EV), número de sementes por vagem (NSV), peso de cem sementes (P100S) e produtividade (PROD). Dentre os caracteres avaliados, apenas CV, não apresentou variabilidade genética entre os acessos. A análise de divergência mostrou os acessos UFPI 799 e UFPI 817 como os mais divergentes em relação aos demais. O método de agrupamento de Tocher e UPGMA possibilitou a formação de três grupos. O método de Singh indicou que LV, PROD e P100S foram os que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética entre os acessos. Os acessos UFPI 817 e UFPI 797 podem ser utilizados em cruzamentos, pois são distantes geneticamente e complementares em suas características.

ABSTRACT In the present study the objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity among families of maize siblings for resistance to foliar diseases associated with their agronomic potential, identifying groups of families that can be used as sources of resistance in maize crop. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the Federal University of Goiás at the Jataí Regional Unit, in Jataí, GO, Brazil, constituted by 182 half-sibling families of maize and two commercial hybrids as a control. The 182 half-sibling families were divided into three experiments with 60, 60 and 62 families, respectively. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replicates. Eight quantitative characters and 4 foliar diseases were evaluated. The multivariate analysis technique was used to measure the genetic divergence for the four foliar diseases represented by the generalized Mahalanobis distance. Based on the genetic dissimilarity matrix, the dendrogram was constructed using the clustering method of the average distance between groups (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean - UPGMA). After defining the groups, univariate analysis of variance was performed in order to evaluate the effects of the groups on each character studied. Comparisons were made between the means of the groups, using the Tukey test (p <0.05). White spot (32.53%) was the disease that most contributed to the total divergence between families. Group 10 stood out among the others as a source of resistance to the disease complex associated with yield. The genetic variability of families for foliar disease complex reveals potential for future studies facing pyramiding genes. | RESUMO No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a diversidade genética entre famílias de meios irmãos de milho para resistência a doenças foliares associada ao seu potencial agronômico, identificando grupos de famílias que possam ser utilizadas como fontes de resistência na cultura do milho. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na área experimental da Universidade Federal de Goiás na Regional Jataí, em Jataí (GO), constituído por 182 famílias de meios-irmãos de milho e dois híbridos comerciais como testemunha. As 182 famílias de meios-irmãos foram divididas em três experimentos com 60, 60 e 62 famílias, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram avaliados oito caracteres quantitativos e quatro doenças foliares. Foi utilizada a técnica de análise multivariada para medir a divergência genética para as quatro doenças foliares representada pela distância generalizada de Mahalanobis. Com base na matriz de dissimilaridade genética foi construído o dendrograma pelo método de agrupamento da distância média entre grupos (UPGMA). Após a definição dos grupos, realizou-se a análise de variância univariada, a fim de avaliar os efeitos dos grupos sobre cada caráter estudado. Foram realizadas comparações entre as médias dos grupos, utilizando-se do teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A incidência de mancha branca (32.53%) foi a doença que mais contribuiu para a divergência total entre as famílias. O grupo 10 destacou -se dentre os demais como fonte de resistência para o complexo de doenças associado a produtividade. A variabilidade genética das famílias para o complexo de doenças foliares revela potencial para futuros estudos voltados para piramidação de genes.

ABSTRACT Lima bean is an important crop in Northeastern Brazil and a source of food and income for farmers in the region. However, there have been few genetic studies on this species, which limits the knowledge available for use in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate the relationship between cycle and production traits using canonical correlation analysis and to identify traits that can be used for the indirect selection of lima bean. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Plant Science of the Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, in a randomized block design with five replications, in which 11 agronomic traits from six lima bean populations in the F3 generation originating from biparental crosses were evaluated in 2019. The data were subjected to canonical correlation analysis using the virtual environment R. The results showed that only the first coefficient of the canonical pair was significant (r = 0.5531) by the quisquare test, suggesting that the studied groups were not independent, as the cycle traits showed coefficients of large magnitudes in the relationship between groups. The canonical correlation results suggested that there is a linear association between cycle and production traits in lima beans, in which days to flowering, days to maturation, pod length, seed width, and seed thickness contribute the most to the association between groups.

ABSTRACT Intensification of the eutrophication process in surface water leads to an increase in the intensity and frequency of cyanobacterial blooms, compromising the availability of drinking water. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria and identify the most important nutrients for such dynamics in a semiarid artificial lake, the Orós reservoir, in north-eastern Brazil. Seventy-seven water samples were collected in 11 campaigns (six during the dry season and five during the rainy season) from seven points. The attributes under investigation were the Secchi transparency, turbidity, pH, apparent colour, electrical conductivity, total solids, total phosphorus, soluble orthophosphate content, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia content, nitrate content, and cyanobacteria dynamics, resulting in a total of 924 samples (number of campaigns × number of points × number of attributes). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to investigate the significance and determinant attributes of the spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria. Of the 17 species of cyanobacteria identified, 10 accounted for 72.47% of the total accumulated variance. During the rainy season, four homogeneous groups of cyanobacteria formed, whereas during the dry season, only three groups formed. The greatest concentrations occurred during the dry season, notably for Aphanocapsa spp., Cylindrospermopsis sp., and Geitlerinema sp., which are potentially toxic and show a greater affinity to the physical attributes of water. Climate seasonality was decisive in the spatio-temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria, and high transparency values limited excessive proliferation of the dominant species.

ABSTRACT The rich genetic diversity and wide adaptation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to different environments provide fundamental resources for its conservation and improvement. The analysis of canonical correlations can be used to increase the efficiency of selecting superior genotypes, as several traits are evaluated simultaneously. Thus, this study aimed to compare morphoagronomic traits and estimate the magnitude of the association and interdependence between two groups of traits in genotypes of special types of rice. The experiment was carried out between November 2020 and April 2021 at the Department of Plant Science of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica - RJ. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with four replications. Seventeen genotypes were evaluated, five of them consisting of white rice and eleven special types of rice. Two groups of variables were used to determine the canonical correlations, with group I composed of four morphological traits and group II composed of four yield components. Significant differences (P<0.01) were observed between genotypes for the eight evaluated traits. The first, second, and third pairs showed significant canonical correlations at a 5% probability, demonstrating that these groups are not independent. The selection of superior genotypes for production can be based on choosing plants with higher flag leaf thickness, higher height, and lower flag leaf angle.