The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and spatial distributions of Croton urucurana (sangrad` água) in Dourados-MS. They had been marked, using systematic systematic sampling, 15 plots of 100 m2 in which had been identified all individuals of Croton urucurana that they had been to classified phase of development in young, youthful and adult. To classify the species in the spatial patterns the Payandeh index was used. It was verified 943 individuals with aggregate spatial distribution in the area in study. C. urucurana is in regeneration process with has predominance of young and youthful individuals, 54.1% and 28.4%, respectively, in relation to the adult individuals (17.5%).

The desertification generates and accents the scarcity of vital natural resources for the survival human being, as drinking waters, alone agriculturist and vegetation. Implying in social and economic problems in the affected areas. Recently the remote sensing and the techniques of geoprocessing has been used in diverse areas of the research, mainly in the ambient monitoring of Brazil. For its great territorial extension the application of these tools is of great importance in the country, has seen that if it can thus carry through diagnostic of areas of difficult access by means of transports and in accordance with the secular resolution of the effective satellites can be carried through a monitoring of these areas. The present study it has as objective to analyze the evolution of the process of desertification through the NDVI in the region of the Hinterland of the State of Pernambuco through a secular series of images Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) that it includes years 1994, 1997 and 2001. It was applied the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land - SEBAL, this algorithm calculated the albedo and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index for each pixel of the images. It was verified that the characteristic vegetation of the region diminished its area, showing that the analyzed areas meet in process of loss of the vegetation that can lead to the desertification process.

The present work had the aim to study the seasonal variation of the groundwater quality for irrigated at Lagoa de Salsa region in the district of Tibau (RN) during in the rainfall and drought season of 2008 and 2009. Sample water 24 were collected in aquifer distributed spatially in produced area in region at the two stationsalong. The variables electrical conductivity, Na, Ca, Mg, SAR, CO3, HCO3 and Cl were analyzed. The results showed that majority of the groundwater for irrigation in the Tibau microregion have use limitation. The concentrations for rain season was low in relation drought season, decreased salinity risk to mayoral parameters analyzed.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of crescents phosphorus levels in two hybrids of forage sorghum cultivated on "Zona da Mata" region, State of Alagoas. The treatments were two hybrids of forage sorghum: BRS304 e BRS310, and four phosphorus levels: 0, 25, 50 e 75 kg ha-1. The statistical design was the complete randomized block with four replications in a split plot scheme. Each experimental plot was constuited for five row of 4.5 m, spaced of 0.70 m. The soil of experimental area received lime to increase basis saturation to 60%. During the sowing, all experimental area received 100 and 120 kg ha-1 of N and K, respectively. The plants were collected 40, 50, 60 e 70 days after emergence. The mass collected was separaeted in leaves photosynthetic active and remaining of the plant. When the grains were on the "farináceo duro" stage, the yield was evaluated in 1.4 m2 on plots center. The phosphoted fertilization increases linearly the sorghum production until 75 kg ha-1 level of P. The phosphorus provides better grain participation on total dry matter of sorghum plants.

Seeds of Caesalpinea ferrea Mart. ex Tu. var. leiostachya Benth. present low and irregular germination due to dormancy caused by the impermeability of the tegument. With the purpose to determine an efficient method to accelerate and uniformize seed germination, they were submitted to different immersion periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes) in sulfuric acid (95-98%), influence emergency and vigor (first count, speed index, medium time and relative frequency of emergency, length and dry matter of the seedlings). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions with an experimental design of completely randomized, with seven treatments and four replications. The pre-conditioning of the seeds with immersion in concentrated sulfuric acid was efficient to overcoming seed dormancy, by increasing the percentage and speed emergency, the first count of emergency, length and dry matter of seedlings and reduction in the medium time for emergency. The efficiency of this chemical treatment with concentrated sulfuric depends on the immersion time, and 10 to 20 minutes were the most adequate to provide larger emergency uniformity percentages and vigor.

The objective of this research was to know the species and the population fluctuation of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a commercial mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchard in the coast of Ceará State. The study was developed from July of 2005 to July of 2007, in the municipality of Beberibe (CE). The capture of the fruit flies was performed using McPhail traps with 5% corn protein hydrolyzed solution as attractant. Weekly, the captured insects were sorted, the fruit flies were maintained in 70% alcohol solution and subsequently identified. The population fluctuation was estimated using the FTD (Fly/Trap/Day) index. During the research, six fruit flies species were captured: Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (63%), A. zenildae Zucchi (7%), A. sororcula Zucchi (5%), A. fraterculus (Wied.) (2%), A. distincta Greene (2%) and Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (21%). The Anastrepha spp. and C. capitata population peaked was between April and July, in both years of study.

A field experiment was developed in the period of April of 2000 to May of 2002, at the Experimental Station of Jiqui pertaining to the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte - EMPARN, Parnamirim city, state of Rio Grande do Norte. The work had as objective to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and potassium applied through irrigation water on the vegetative behavior and productive of green dwarf coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L). The treatments had consisted of the combination through the experimental matrix of Pan Puebla III, 5 doses of N and 5 doses of K2O both oscillating of 135 the 2565g plant -1 year -1 derived of the urea and potassium chloride. The used experimental design was of blocks at random with 4 repetitions and 5 plants for plots totalizing 40 experimental units. The plantation was made in the triangular spacing of 7.5 m between plants and 7.5 m between lines. During the 5th year of culture, from April of 2001 to May of 2002 was quantified the number of fruits in the 13 harvest carried out. The referring variables to the vegetative development, height and circumference of stem, diameter of the top and leaf number, had been measured in May of 2002, in the end of the experiment. The stem circumference increased linearly with the increase of the doses of N and of quadratic form with the doses of K with the biggest value for the dose of 1350 g plants -1 year-1. The leaf number answered only the nitrogen applications. The growth in stem height had influence of N and K, however, data did not adjust to no mathematical model. The diameter of the top of the green dwarfed coconut palm did not suffer significant interference of no applied fertilizer through irrigation water. The number of fruits increased quadratically with the N and K doses. The maximum physical efficiency of the production, 154.75 fruits plants -1 year -1, it was reached with the doses of 1437 g plants -1 year -1 of N and 1553 g plants -1 year -1 of K.

The aim was to survey the floristic, structure and to characterize data of Capparis flexuosa L. in an area in the semi-arid of Paraiba State. Ninety-nine contiguous parcels of 10 m X 10 m have been established for measured standing specimens whose trunk measured ¿ 3 cm of diameter at ground level (DNS) and whose total height was ¿ 1 m. The index of diversity of Shannon-Wiener (H') and equability of Pielou (J'), density, frequency, dominance, Value of Covering (VC), Value of Importance (VI), diameter-class and height-class were calculated. It was verified that plant mean density was 2879 ind.ha-1, with 2850 individuals belonging to 22 species, 18 genera and 12 families. H' = 1.75 nats.ind-1. The value J' = 0.57 showed an ununiformity in the species distribution in the studied parcels. Capparis flexuosa was the fourth species with greatest relative density (6.04%) and relative frequence (12.43%) indicating a good distribution in the studied area; the first in relative dominance (26.03%), the third in VC (16.03%) and the fourth in VI (14.83%), suggesting that this species is well adapted to the edafoclimatic conditions of the studied area. We observed that 1.975 individuals were found between 3-6 cm of diameter and 2716 between 2.01 - 5 m height.

With the objective in determine the contribution of the clay and of the organic matter for CTC of the soils of the State of Alagoas, with base in data of the rising exploratory-recognition done by JACOMINE et al.,(1975) 265 representative samples were used of the horizons A and B of 64 profiles of the different areas of the State. The CTC of the fraction clay corrected by the organic matter is presented by area and in the general for the State: Coast CTCargila = CTCsolo - (% C x 4,4) /% clay x 100; Forest CTCargila = CTCsolo - (% C x 4,7) /% clay x 100; Rural CTCargila = CTCsolo - (% C x 5,6) /% clay x 100; Interior CTCargila = CTCsolo - (% C x 4,7) / %argila x 100; São Francisco CTCargila = CTCsolo - (% C x 3,1) /% clay x 100; General CTCargila = CTCsolo - (% C x 4,6) /% clay x 100;. It is presentedre a presentative model of equation for determination of CTC of the fraction clay (Targ) and of 1 gram of carbon (TC) (cmolc clay kg-1) for the State of Alagoas: Targ (Y) = 17,27 - 1,0976ArgB + 0,01276ArgB2 + 4,9748TB - 0,05526ArgB.TB (R2 = 0,989) and TC (Y) = 1,2189 - 0,0531ArgA + 0,0722ContA (R2 = 0,664). It's presented average, medium, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, asymmetry and curtose of the clay tenor, organic carbon, CTC and contribution of the organic carbon for area and in the general for the State, being also applied for CTC of the clay (Targ) and CTC of 1 gram of carbon (TC).

Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae and Metarhizium flavoviride var. flavoviride are entomopathogenic fungi with proved action against several species of insects. In this work, the behavior and cytology of the M. anisopliae var. anisopliae (PL43) and M. flavoviride var. flavoviride (CG291) were evaluated after the passage in eggs, larvae and adults Chrysomya albiceps, an important causer of secondary myiais. The experiment was carried out under an acclimatized environment's humidity and temperature of 60 ± 10% and 28 ± 1oC. The most expressive results of the biological parameters studied (percentage of germination, quantity of conidia, quantity and diameter of colonies) were reached from re-isolated fungi of larvae. No significant differences were observed in the cytological aspects of the life cycle of the fungi post-passage in eggs, larvae and adults. These results suggest the possibility of the use of the fungi in the control of C. albiceps fly.