– The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different water depths and nitrogen fertilization levels applied by fertigation on the physical attributes of guava fruits cv. Paluma. The study was carried out taking into account factors water depths (1144, 1465, 1785 and 2106 mm) and nitrogen fertilization levels (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 ). The water depths 1730 and 1750 mm increased production and the average weight of guava fruit in, respectively, 25.1 and 31.6%. The applications 178 and 152 kg N ha-1 increased at 67.1% in the production of fruits and 16.3% the average fruit weight. The combined application of 150 kg N ha-1 and 1789 mm of water amounted to 63.3% of the total weight of fruit. The equatorial diameter of the fruit was influenced by individual water depths applied evidencing an increase of up to 26.8%. Already combinations 200 kg N ha-1 and 1746 mm of water increased the longitudinal diameter of the fruits by 18.77%. The application of water depth to 1144 mm, associated with 143 kg N ha-1 gave index of the most satisfactory way to guava fruit.

Dehydration is an important alternative to making the most of the use the surplus of production and take advantage of the seasonality of tropical fruits. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical composition of the yellow mombin pulp ( Spondia mombin L.) powder, obtained by spray drying, and evaluate its sensory acceptance in the form of reconstituted juice. The physicochemical analyzes of the yellow mombin powder were: pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and moisture, with all results in accordance with the current legislation. The addition of maltodextrin in the process reduced the sensory analysis values (color, appearance, and taste). The tested formulations, (powders with 25 and 27.05% maltodextrin) preserved, and even favored the aroma. These formulations had the following values (7.66 and 7.68) higher than the val- ues found for integral juice (6.60).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sowing periods in production , productivity component and physiological quality of seeds of three soybean cultivars (TMG133RR, P98Y70RR and NS7670RR) in Orthic Quartzarenic Neosoil in the cerrado region. The design used was a randomized block a factorial scheme design with four repetitions, and each plot with useful space consisted of three rows of four meters length, spaced at 0.45 meters. Field evaluations were the final stand, the height of the plants, height of the first pod insertion, the mass of 100 seeds and productivity. Already in the lab seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor (first germination count, emergency, emergence speed index, length and dry mass of the aerial part of the plant and roots, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging and tetrazolium test). It concludes that it is possible to use Orthic Quartzarenic Neosoils , located in the Cerrado region at altitudes higher than 600 m, in years and places with good water distribution in the spring - summer seasons, for grain and soybeans production, but as a first goal, the crop should be sown in the first 20 days of November otherwise it should take place in early December.

This study aimed to characterize the lobation and describe the bronchial tree and vasculariza-tion of the lung collared peccaries. 12 animals that died in Multiplication Center of Wild Animals (CEMAS/UFERSA) were used. For analysis of the bronchial tree, the trachea was perfused with latex or vinyl and for identification of arterial vascularization, the pulmonary artery was perfused with red latex. For the visualization of the pulmonary veins, the left atrium was perfused in retrograde direction with blue latex. Likewise we pro-ceeded with perfusion with vinyl. The pieces injected with latex were fixed in 10% formaldehyde for 48 hours and then performed the dissections. Those perfused with vinyl were dipped in a solution of 30% H2SO4 until complete corrosion. The right lung was composed of the cranial, middle, caudal and accessory lobes, while the left lung by cranial (cranial and caudal portions) and caudal lobes. The trachea before of the bifurcation in left and right main bronchi, issued a tracheal bronchus towards the right cranial lobe. The right bronchus gave a branch to the middle lobe, one to accessory and another to the right caudal lobe, while the left bronchus gave a branch to the right cranial lobe (cranial and caudal portions) and another to the left caudal lobe. The study on bronchial and vascular segmentation is useful in clinical and surgical applications, in particular in cases of per-foration, and stenosis or tumors, which require the completion of partial lobectomy.

The millet is a forage with high yield potential, mainly due to its high tolerance to water deficit and adaptation to soils of low fertility. Even being adapted to soils of low fertility, it is responsive to nitrogen fertilization. The objective was to evaluate the growth and nutritional efficiency of millet forage cultivars, due to nitrogen (N). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a typical Yellow Oxisol Dystrophic. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme with six repetitions. The factors were the control treatment (without fertilization with N) and three doses of N (75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1 ) in the form of urea and ammonium sulfate and two cultivars of pearl millet (BN2 and ADR500). The harvest was performed 80 days after the emergency. The higher production of dry matter of aerial part was obtained with the estimated dose of 179 kg ha-1 of N. The cultivar ADR500 showed the highest height and greater efficiency of translocation, while the BN2 showed higher N content of the aerial part and roots. The greater efficiency of use and translocation of N were achieved with doses estimated for 109 and 133 ha-1 of N for the cultivars ADR500 and BN2, respectively.

Abstract: The present work aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of lettuce-arugula intercropping fertilized with different amounts of roostertree biomass incorporated into the ground. The experiment was conducted during the period of September to November of 2011, in the research area of the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the following biomass amounts of roostertree incorporated into the soil (5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 t ha- 1 on a dry basis). The characteristics evaluated in the vegetables were: height and diameter of plants (lettuce), number of leaves per plant, productivity (lettuce), yield of green mass (arugula) and dry mass of shoots. The efficiency of intercropping system was determined through the score of the canonical variable. The optimization of the agronomic performance of the lettuce intercropped with arugula was made possible with the incorporation of about 37 t ha-1 of roostertree into the ground. The use of roostertree as green manure is agronomically viable in the intercropping of lettuce and arugula besides contributing to a better use of environmental resources. | Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico do consórcio de alface e rúcula fertilizado com diferentes quantidades de biomassa de flor-de-seda incorporadas ao solo. O experimento foi conduzido no período de setembro a novembro de 2011, na área de pesquisa da Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram das seguintes quantidades de biomassa de flor-de-seda incorporadas ao solo (5,15, 25, 35 e 45 t ha-1 em base seca). As características avaliadas nas hortaliças foram: altura e diâmetro de plantas (alface), número de folhas por planta, produtividade (alface), rendimento de massa verde (rúcula) e massa seca da parte aérea. A eficiência do cultivo consorciado foi determinada pelo escore da variável canônica. A otimização do desempenho agronômico da alface consorciada com rúcula foi viabilizada com a incorporação de aproximadamente 37 t ha-1 de flor-de-seda ao solo. O uso de flor-de-seda como adubo verde é viável agronomicamente no cultivo associado de alface e rúcula, além de contribuir para um melhor aproveitamento dos recursos ambientais.

ABSTRACT: The downy mildew, caused by the fungus Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a major foliar disease that attacks the melon crop in the rainy season in northeastern Brazil. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize morphologically resistant melon accessions to P. cubensis. Thirty-six accessions and four commercial cultivars were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. The plot was composed of seven plants. The evaluation was conducted in the under field conditions with a diagrammatic scale and calculating the disease percentage index (DPI). Resistance sources and references genotypes were characterized morphologically. The accessions C-RN-2, C-SE-2, C-CE-2, C-PE-2, C-PI-1, and C-BA-2 show resistance to P. cubensis and are promising for use in programs breeding for resistance to downy mildew although its fruits have reduced commercial quality. | RESUMO: O míldio, causado pelo fungo Pseudoperonospora cubensis é uma das principais doenças foliares que acometem a cultura do meloeiro no período chuvoso da região Nordeste brasileira. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar morfologicamente fontes de resistência de meloeiro a P. cubensis. Trinta e seis acessos e quatro cultivares comerciais foram avaliados em delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. A unidade experimental foi composta por sete plantas. E a avaliação realizada em condições de campo com uma escala diagramática, a qual fora calculado o índice de porcentagem da doença (IPD). As fontes de resistência e genótipos referências foram caracterizadas morfologicamente. Os acessos C-RN-2, C-SE-2, C-CE-2, C-PE-2, C-PI-1 e C-BA-2 apresentam resistência a P. cubensis e são promissores para uso em programas de melhoramento visando resistência ao míldio do meloeiro, embora os seus frutos tenham reduzida qualidade comercial.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as relações entre as variáveis morfológicas e produtivas das plantas de pimentão provenientes de sementes com diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), no delineamento blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de três lotes de sementes do híbrido Tiberius e um lote da cultivar Rubi Giant nas estações de cultivo primavera-verão e outono-inverno, com diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica com base nos testes de germinação e vigor. Foram mensurados os seguintes caracteres (variáveis): altura de planta; altura da primeira bifurcação; diâmetro do caule; diâmetro do caule abaixo da primeira bifurcação aos 50, 70 e 90 dias após o transplantio; peso médio de frutos; produção média de frutos por colheita; produção total; comprimento médio de frutos; e largura média de frutos. A seguir, para cada nível de vigor, foi estimada a matriz de correlação de Pearson, o diagnóstico da multicolinearidade e, posteriormente, a análise de trilha, considerando a produção total de frutos como variável principal. As plantas obtidas a partir de sementes de vigor alto, médio e baixo, com maior diâmetro da primeira bifurcação aos 50 e 90 dias após o transplantio, são mais produtivas na estação de cultivo primavera-verão. No outono-inverno foram verificados coeficientes de correlação e efeitos diretos de baixa magnitude para todos os níveis de vigor, indicando fraca relação de causa e efeito das variáveis explicativas mensuradas sobre a produção total de frutos de pimentão. | ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify the relationship between morphological variables and production variables in bell pepper plants derived from seeds of different physiological levels. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with eight replications in a protected setting at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Treatments included three lots of hybrid Tiberius seeds and one lot of Rubi Giant seeds during Spring-Winter and Autumn-Winter season with different levels of physiological quality as shown by vigor and germination tests. The following characters (variables) were measured: plant height, first fork height, stem diameter, and stem diameter below the first fork after 50 days, 70 days and 90 days of transplanting, average weight of fruits, average production per harvest, total production, average fruit length, and average width of fruits. Next, for each level of vigor was estimated the correlation matrixes, multicollinearity diagnosis, and then path analysis, considering the total production as the main variable.Plants derived from high-, low- and medium vigor seeds whose first fork diameters were greater after 50 days and 70 days of transplanting are more productive during Spring-Winter seeding. Coefficients of correlation and effect of low magnitude were identified in vigor levels (being high, low, medium, and extremely low) during Autumn-Winter season, indicating a weak relationship between cause and effect of explanatory variables measured on total fruit production of bell pepper.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to identify and determine the spatial distribution of the physiological quality of soybean seeds in a field of 39 hectares with production through precision farming techniques. Soil sampling and harvest seeds, georeferenced points for determining soil fertility, seed quality and range of spatial dependence were performed. The results were submitted to analysis of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and geostatistics. The data presented coefficient of variation of 1,63% for emergency, 1,74% for germination, 1,63% for viability, 2,59% for accelerated aging and 4,28% vigor evaluated by the tetrazolium test. Soil pH was negatively correlated with germination, emergence, and viability. The grid point per hectare and a georeferenced grid sampling, spacing of 100 meters between points, was efficient in assessing the spatial variability. Physiological quality is not uniform, particularly in nexion of vigor, providing better diagnosis through interpolation maps. Precision agriculture allows one to determine the spatial distribution of seed physiological quality in a production area of soybean seeds, facilitating decision-making, in what refers to the areas to be harvested. | RESUMO: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar e determinar a distribuição espacial da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja em um campo de produção com 39 hectares por meio de técnicas de agricultura de precisão. Foram realizadas amostragem de solo e colheita de sementes em pontos georreferenciados para a determinação da fertilidade do solo, qualidade fisiológica das sementes e alcance da dependência espacial. Os resultados foram submetidos às análises de estatística descritiva, correlação linear de Pearson e geoestatística. Os dados apresentaram coeficiente de variação de 1,63% para emergência, 1,74% para germinação, 1,63% para viabilidade, 2,59% para envelhecimento acelerado e 4,28% para vigor avaliado pelo teste de tetrazólio. O pH do solo correlacionou-se negativamente com a germinação, a emergência e a viabilidade. O grid de um ponto por hectare e uma malha de amostragem georreferenciada com espaçamento de 100 metros entre pontos foi eficiente na avaliação da variabilidade espacial. A qualidade fisiológica não é uniforme, particularmente em relação ao vigor, proporcionando melhor diagnostico por meio de mapas de interpolação. A agricultura de precisão possibilitou determinar a distribuição espacial da qualidade fisiológica de sementes em uma área de produção de sementes de soja, facilitando a tomada de decisão no que refere-se às áreas a serem colhidas.

ABSTRACT: Aiming to study the genetic control of Papaya ringspot virus, type watermelon (PRSV-W) in watermelon, the cultivar Crimson Sweet (P1 - susceptible) and L26 derived from PI 244019 (P2 - resistant), as well as the resulting populations F1, F2, RC11 and RC21 of the cross of both lines were evaluated. The trials were carried out in a greenhouse, and the evaluations were done using artificial inoculations with PRSV-W isolates. The seedling symptoms were recorded using a graded scale, and the serological evaluation was done with specific antiserum using indirect ELISA. The estimated variances of the populations were used to obtain the genetic (σ2G)the environmental (σ2E), phenotypic (σ2F2), additive (σ2A) and dominance (σ2D) variances as well as the broad (h2a) and narrow sense (h2r) heritabilities. The hypothesis of monogenic inheritance was tested under different presumed average degrees of dominance as well as using the maximum likelihood. The distribution of resistant plants in the segregating populations was different from a distribution based on monogenic inheritance for all presumed average degrees of dominance, therefore, the hypothesis of monogenic inheritance was rejected indicating that this character in the line L26 is controlled by more than one major gene with the presence of modifiers. The additive-dominant model was adequate to explain the type of gene action involved, and the epistatic effects were not important in the expression of the resistance. The estimated average degree of dominance indicated complete dominance. The broad sense heritabilities for the two variables analyzed were intermediate. | RESUMO: Com o objetivo de estudar o controle genético da resistência a Papaya ringspot virus, type watermelon (PRSV-W) em melancia foram avaliadas a cultivar Crimson Sweet (CS) (P1 - suscetível) e L26 proveniente de PI 244019 (P2 - resistente), bem como as populações F1, F2, RC11 e RC21, provenientes do cruzamento das duas linhas. As avaliações foram realizadas em casa de vegetação mediante inoculações artificiais com PRSV-W. Foi realizada avaliação sintomatológica através de escala de notas, bem como avaliação sorológica contra antissoro específico para PRSV-W através do teste ELISA indireto. As estimativas das variâncias das populações P1, P2, F1, F2, RC11 e RC21 foram utilizadas para obtenção das variâncias genética (σ2G), ambiental (σ2E), fenotípica (σ2F2), aditiva (σ2A) e de dominância (σ2D) das herdabilidades no sentido amplo (h2a) e restrito (h2r). A hipótese de herança monogênica foi testada sob diferentes graus médios de dominância presumido, bem como pelo método da máxima verossimilhança. A distribuição de frequência de plantas resistentes nas populações segregantes diferiu de uma distribuição baseada em herança monogênica para todos os graus médios de dominância presumidos, de modo que a hipótese de herança monogênica foi rejeitada mostrando que essa característica em L26 é controlada por mais de um gene maior com a presença de modificadores. O modelo aditivo-dominante foi adequado para explicar o tipo de ação gênica envolvida e os efeitos epistáticos não foram importantes na expressão da resistência. A estimativa do grau médio de dominância indicou efeito de dominância completa. E as herdabilidades, no sentido amplo, das duas variáveis analisadas foram intermediárias.