RESUMO: Objetivou-se neste estudo, estimar os componentes de (co)variância e parâmetros genéticos para as características de peso ao nascer (PN) e peso ao desmame ajustado aos 90 dias de idade (P90) em cordeiros da raça Santa Inês. Foram utilizados registro de 2.111 cordeiros obtidos de um rebanho experimental da EMBRAPA/CPATC, nascidos entre 1998 a 2008. Os componentes de (co)variância foram estimados pelo método de Amostrador de Gibbs por meio do programa Multiple Trait Gibbs Sampling for Animal Models (MTGSAM) em análise bicaracterística. No modelo misto foram incluídos os seguintes efeitos aleatórios: efeito genético aditivo direto, materno e efeito residual, além dos efeitos fixos de sexo, tipo de nascimento e grupo contemporâneo. A média da estimativa de herdabilidade aditiva direta para PN e P90 foram 0,25 e 0,09, respectivamente. A média da estimativa da herdabilidade materna foi de 0,34 para PN e 0,24 para P90, respectivamente. A correlação genética aditiva entre PN e P90 foi de 0,14. Os resultados sugerem que o melhoramento de ovinos Santa Inês para produção de carne deve levar em consideração os efeitos genéticos aditivos direto e materno. | ABSTRACT: This study sought to estimate (co)variance and genetic parameters for birth weight (BWT) and weaning weight (WWT) in Santa Ines sheep. A total of 2,111 records were obtained from EMBRAPA/CPATC experimental herds, dating from the years 1998 to 2008. (Co)variance parameters were obtained through a two-trait analysis with the Gibbs sampling algorithm using the MTGSAM program. The mixed model included the environmental effects of sex, contemporary group and type of birth, in addition to residual, direct and maternal additive effects. Mean estimates of direct heritability for BWT and WWT were 0.25 and 0.09, respectively. Mean estimates of maternal heritability were 0.34 for BWT and 0.24 for WWT. The genetic correlation between BWT and WWT was 0.14. The results suggest that breeding Santa Ines sheep for meat production must take into consideration direct and maternal additive genetic effects.

ABSTRACT: In fruit pulp industrialization often use thermal processes to (heating and/or cooling) that may cause changes in its viscosity, which causes the study of the influence of temperature on the rheological behavior of this type of product is of great importance. Data of the apparent viscosity of fruit pulp are used in equipment design and process optimization. The research objective was to evaluate the influence of temperature on the apparent viscosity of the Myrtle pulp. The rheological analysis was conducted on a Brookfield viscometer model DV-II +Pro. The apparent viscosity curves as a function of strain rate were described by rheological models Sisko, Power Law, and Falguera-Ibarz. The full Myrtle pulp was classified as non-Newtonian fluid and shear thinning. The behavior of this fluid can be well described by models Sisko, Law of Power and Falguera-Ibarz, especially the Sisko model. The effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity was described by Arrhenius equation with activation energy presenting high values at low shear rate. | RESUMO: a industrialização de polpa de frutas frequentemente são utilizados processos térmicos (aquecimento e/ou resfriamento) que podem acarretar modificação na sua viscosidade, o que faz com que o estudo da influência da temperatura sobre o comportamento reológico desse tipo de produto seja de grande importância. Dados da viscosidade aparente de polpas de frutas são utilizados no projeto de equipamentos e na otimização de processos. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da temperatura na viscosidade aparente da polpa da murta. As análises reológicas foram conduzidas em um viscosímetro Brookfield modelo DV-II + Pro. As curvas de viscosidade aparente em função da taxa de deformação foram descritas pelos modelos reológicos de Sisko, Lei da Potência e de Falguera-Ibarz. A polpa da murta integral foi classificada como fluido não-newtoniano e pseudoplástico. O comportamento deste fluído pode ser bem descrito pelos modelos de Sisko, Lei da Potência e Falguera-Ibarz, com destaque para o modelo de Sisko. O efeito da temperatura sobre a viscosidade aparente foi descrita por uma equação tipo Arrhenius, com a energia de ativação apresentando altos valores à baixas taxas de deformação.

RESUMO: A desidratação mostra-se como uma alternativa importante para aproveitar o excedente de produção e sazonalidade das frutas tropicais. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a composição físico-química da polpa de cajá (Spondia mombin L.) em pó, obtido por spray-dryer, e avaliar a sua aceitação sensorial em forma de suco reconstituído. As análises físico-químicas realizadas nos pós de cajá foram: pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, ácido ascórbico e umidade, apresentando todos os resultados dentro da legislação vigente. A adição da maltodextrina no processo indicou redução das notas dos atributos cor, aparência e sabor na análise sensorial. As formulações testadas, pós com 25 e 27,05% de maltodextrina conservaram, e até favoreceram, o atributo aroma, obtendo notas de valor superior (7,66 e 7,68) ao observado para o suco integral (6,60). | ABSTRACT: Dehydration is an important alternative to making the most of the use the surplus of production and take advantage of the seasonality of tropical fruits. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical composition of the yellow mombin pulp (Spondia mombin L.) powder, obtained by spray drying, and evaluate its sensory acceptance in the form of reconstituted juice. The physicochemical analyzes of the yellow mombin powder were: pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and moisture, with all results in accordance with the current legislation. The addition of maltodextrin in the process reduced the sensory analysis values (color, appearance, and taste). The tested formulations, (powders with 25 and 27.05% maltodextrin) preserved, and even favored the aroma. These formulations had the following values (7.66 and 7.68) higher than the values found for integral juice (6.60).

ABSTRACT: The phenotypic manifestations of genetic knowledge of important agronomic traits in plants is an activity of great importance, whose results are widely used in plant breeding. The objective was to study the type of genetic segregation that occurs when crossing a dwarf genotype versus indeterminate growth habit genotype. Their plant was found growing spontaneously in Piracicaba (SP), on-site disposal of fruits per tomatoes producers along with normal plants. Seeds of both plants were harvested separately for baseline and coded as follows: a plant with a normal phenotype (FN) and plant with atypical phenotype with characteristics of dwarfism (FA). The methodology consisted of biparental and reciprocal backcrosses of the F1 to the parent FA and obtained the F2 generation. The data derived from the plant count populations obtained (F1, F2 and backcrosses) were tested using the χ2 according to the expected frequency and observed the normal phenotype (FN) and plant with atypical phenotype with characteristics of dwarfism (FA), under the hypothesis Mendelian segregation 3:1, obtained by monogenic inheritance. From the results, it can be concluded that the phenotype observed in the plant in this study is recessive genetic origin can be inserted into other plants by crossing. | RESUMO: O conhecimento genético de manifestações fenotípicas de características de importância agronômica em vegetais é uma atividade de grande importância, cujos resultados são amplamente utilizados por fitomelhoristas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o tipo de segregação genética que ocorre ao se cruzar um genótipo anão versus genótipo de hábito de crescimento indeterminado. A referida planta foi encontrada vegetando espontaneamente no município de Piracicaba (SP) em local de descarte de frutos por tomaticultores juntamente com as plantas normais. As sementes de ambas as plantas foram colhidas separadamente para início do estudo e codificadas da seguinte forma: planta com fenótipo normal (FN) e planta com fenótipo atípico com características de porte anão (FA). A metodologia constou de cruzamentos biparentais recíprocos e retrocruzamentos da geração F1 com o genitor FA e obtenção de geração F2. Os dados obtidos oriundos da contagem de plantas das populações obtidas (F1, F2 e F1RC1) foram submetidos ao teste de χ2 de acordo com a frequência esperada e observada do fenótipo normal (FN) e planta com fenótipo atípico com características de porte anão (FA), tendo como hipótese uma segregação mendeliana 3:1, obtida para herança monogênica. Pelos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que o fenótipo observado na planta no presente estudo é de origem genética recessiva, podendo ser transmito para outras plantas via cruzamento.

Despite the knowledge that you have about the benefits of the humus of the worms or ver- micompost, there is a need to evaluate the technical feasibility of using other sources of carbon for worms. The objective was to evaluate the possibility of using straw of coffee to vermicompost production, the effects of their use on worms and on the quality of humus obtained. The evaluated treatments consisted of: (1 straw of coffee (SC) 100%; 2 SC 75% + manure (MA); 3 50% SC + 50% MA; 4 25% SC + 75% MA; 5 100% MA). The straw of coffee and the manure were incubated for 64 days to make them available to feed the worms and more 84 days to digest the substrate. The straw of coffee increased the number of worms without resulting in harmful effects. The percentage increment of the straw in the constitution of the vermicompost increased the availability of N, K, Ca and Cu, but it reduced the availability of Mg, S, Mn, P, Fe and Zn. Aiming o the medi- um supply of nutrients, the proportion of the 50% of straw of coffee and 50% of manure is designated.

Imazaquin is an herbicide widely used in Brazil to control weeds associated with the soybean crop. This work aimed to study the mobility and leaching of imazaquin in soils with different characteristics. In both experiments, a completely randomized block design was used; with tree replicates. We study the mobility of imazaquin in Red Eutrophic Latosol, clayey; Alfisol Haplic Eutrophic, medium texture; Alfissol Eutrophic, medium texture; and Orthic Psament, sandy texture. To obtain the mobility rate (Mr), a solution of 14Cimazaquin with the activity of 304,75 Bq/mL was applied to plates containing different soils. All Mr values range between 0.803 and 1, indicating that imazaquin has a relevant mobility in our soils. In the leaching study, the soils were classified as Rhodic and differed chemically. The herbicide imazaquin (14C + imazaquin technical product) was applied to the highest recommended dose ( 161 g a.i. ha-1 ), directly on the soil surface of each column. After that, was done a rainfall simulation of 200 mm. Nearly 100% of the herbicide was in the 0- 10 cm layer, however, the soil with higher pH, the herbicide was distributed to 15-20 cm depth. The herbicide imazaquin has greater mobility in soils with low organic matter and clay and soils with high Ph.

This research aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) var. Bode Vermelha seeds, obtained from fruits at different ripening stages. The fruits of C. Chinese were separated according to the ripening stages, based on pericarp color (green fruits – stage 1, orange fruits – stage 2, light red fruits – stage 3, red fruits – stage 4, and carmine-red fruits – stage 5). To evaluate the ripeness and the physiological quality of the seeds were determined the biometric characteristics of the fruits and seeds, mass of thousand seeds, seeds water content, electrical conductivity, standard germinations test, speed of germination index, percentage of normal seedlings, speed of seedlings formation, accelerated aging, and seedling length. The characters length, diameter, weight, and number of seeds of the fruits and length, width, thickness, and mass of the seeds were analyzed by the estimated parameters using descriptive statistics. For the other variables was used the completely randomized design. The results were submitted to variance analysis and comparison of means by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The ripeness stage affects the physiological quality of C. chinense Jacq. var. Bode Red seeds, being the seeds from red (stage 4) to carmine-red (stage 5) fruits those with the best performance thus, they are physiologically ripe, being the most indicated to seeds obtaining.

The current work had the objective to characterize the visual symptoms of nutrient deficiencies, single and multiple, in castor bean cultivar Guarani, as well as their effects on dry matter and biometrical index. The experiment was carried out in culture solution with randomized blocks with six treatments and four repli-cations. The treatments were represented by control, then the Hoagland and Arnon (1950) control, omission of iron (-Fe); multiple omission of iron and zinc (-FeZn), omission of manganese (-Mn), multiple omission of manganese and zinc (-MnZn) and omission of zinc (-Zn). Castor bean plants under single Zn omissions did not show visual symptoms, however multiple omission of this nutrient increased the symptoms intensity and re-duced the plant height. In such results, the symptoms of Zn deficiency were observed. The nutrients content, in leaves, were more affected by the treatment -FeZn, while the stem contents were affected under Zn omissions. The nutrient omission, single or multiple, in culture solution caused morphological changes and turn into a vis-ual symptoms, altered the dry matter, biometrical index and nutrient contents in castor bean plants.

The aim of this study was to provide information on the ecology and floristic composition of vascular epiphytes on specimens of licurizeiro (Syagrus coronata), palm tree native to the Brazilian Backlands, whose individuals were isolated in pasture areas in the municipality of Várzea da Roça - BA. The epiphytic species were classified according to their ecological category and dispersion forms. The vascular epiphytes were represented by 26 species, 21 genera and seven families, and Bromeliaceae (8 spp.), Cactaceae (7 spp.), Polypodiaceae (4 spp.) and Orchidaceae (3 spp.) the most representative. The true holoepiphytes and accidental epiphytes were the most frequent categories, gathering, respectively, 42.31% and 30.76% of the species inven-toried. Regarding the dispersion forms, it is observed the predominant of zoochoric species (14 spp.) while anemochoric were represented by 12 species. The results show the importance of licurizeiro in the maintenance of the epiphytic community in areas of Caatinga and show its role as maintainer of biological diversity in an-thropogenic environments.

The non-carcass components are configured in additional source of income for sheep producers. This study aimed to evaluate the non-carcass components in Morada Nova hair sheep fed hay or Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) or Maniçoba (Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & Hoffman) hay. The animals were males, initially weighing 18.86 ± 6.48 kg were housed in individual and slaughtered at 58 days of confinement. The Tifton 85 diet resulted in higher (P<0.05) spleen weights (0.05 kg), liver (0.45 kg) and kidneys (0.08 kg). Largest total weights of organs were also obtained in the diet Tifton 85. There was no difference between diets for weight viscera. The skin showed higher weight for animals fed Tifton 85 hay. The diets did not affect the weights or buchada and panelada yields. Replacement of Tifton 85 hay by Maniçoba hay in Morada Nova hair sheep diet, reduces the weight of the organs and skin, but does not influence the buchada and panelada weights or yields.