The experiment was done in the experimental farm NUPEARIDO belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraiba, Brazil. The objective of the research was to evaluate the hematological parameters as well as the adaptation degree of goats F1 (Boer x SRD) created in semi-intensive regime and submitted at different levels of concentrated supplementation in the area or the semi-arid Paraibano. 24 animals were used F1 (Boer x SRD), distributed in a delineation entirely randomized with four levels supplementation (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 % of PV in MS) and 6 repetitions. It was evaluated the environmental and hematological parameters aiming at to verify the degree of tolerance of the animals to the atmosphere. In the environmental parameters it was observed that there was significant effect of shifts (P < 0.05) with elevation of the temperatures during the afternoon. Already in the hematological parameters, there was not significant difference among the treatments. It was concluded that the different supplementation levels don't exercise significant effect on the hematological parameters of goats resultants of the crossing of the Boer race and SRD in the area of the semi-arid Paraibano and that the animals demonstrate high capacity of tolerance to the climatic conditions of that area for they maintain the normal sanguine representatives in agreement with the patterns for the species.

At present, the preference of the internal and external markets is for small fruits. Therefore the size, other aspects equally are important and considered to determining harvest point how soluble solids, coloration and format. The objective of the present work was determined the physical-chemical changes during the development of watermelon 'Quetzali' with support for the harvest in the size demanded by the extern market. Six harvests were made, the first occasion of marks made on fruits with fresh weight of 2 g and the other at 10, 15, 20, 15 and 30 days of development. Next, the fruits were transported for the laboratory of Irrigated Agriculture of the UFERSA, in Mossoró-RN-Brazil. The experiment was installed in design entirely at random composed by five treatments (days of development), five replications and a fruit for replication. Fresh mass was analysed (g), growth rate of the fruit (g.day-1), length and diameter of fruit (cm), firmness of the pulp (N), vitamin C (mg.100 mL-1 ascorbic acid), soluble solids (SS, %) and titratable acidity (AT, g.100 mL-1 acid malic). The watermelon variety Quetzali obtained the very growth rate of 178.64 g to 20 days and the very diameter of 19.57 cm to 25 days, when size adapted for harvest. To 25 days of development the fruits had firmness of pulp 15 N, soluble solids 8.9%, titratable acidity 0.1289 mg.100 mL-1 acid malic and vitamin C 7.3 mg.100 mL-1 ascorbic acid.

Excessive salt can to promote water soil retention, reducing your availability to plants. Besides, they can interfere in protoplasm metabolism. The plants ability to survive in salinity conditions is an important factor to geographic distribution and agriculture in salinized regions. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of the NaCl in the growth, dry matter distribution and N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, and Cl content in young plants. The experiment was conducted in 'Leonard' pots, with nutrient solutions, with NaCl (0, 25, 50 and 100 mmol L-1). Increasing of NaCl concentration reduces growth and total dry matter. There was an increase of N and K content, in shoots, and N and Mg content in roots. There was an reduction in Mg content in shoots, and reduction of Ca content in roots with increasing of NaCl. Leucaena plants were inefficient to exclude Na and Cl, in shoots principally.

The goals of this work consisted of identifying the prevalence of helminth eggs in household organic wastes generated in the urban zone of cities of the semiarid of the Paraíba. The work was accomplished from June to December of 2006 in 30 homes in the urban center of Cabaceiras, 30 in Caraúbas and 50 in Queimadas. Organic solid residues were collected during in three consecutive weeks and alternate days (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) in the generating source. For quantification of the helminth eggs three composed samples were picked up by city, resultants of ten fractions of organic solid residues collected in the homes. The amount of helminth eggs varied from 12.82 to 14.39 eggs/gST, with viability of 95.42%. In prevalence order, they enrolled Ancylostoma sp., Enterobius vermiculares, Fasciola hepatica and Ascaris lumbricoides. The eggs of Ancylostoma sp. were identified in 100% of the examined samples. The terrible sanitary quality verified for the household organic waste solid in three cities, located geographically in the area of the paraiban semiarid they suggest that these residues constitute important source of contamination to the environment and the human being, requesting the appropriate management.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the control of mound-building termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) by entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana). We developed two experiments, with two copies of application in three sizes of nests. The first was installed in the Salto Macaúba farm and second in the Laboratory of Plant Protection at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The first experiment consisted of five repetitions, each nest an experimental unit, with treatments in a factorial 2 (fungi) x 2 (tests) x 2 (type of spraying) + 1 control, distributed completely at random in the area. The treatments were: 1) control - no implementation, 2) Metarril M103 (M. anisopliae) - 10g/mound - dusting, 3) Metarril M103 - 10 g/ mound - via net, 4) Metarril M103 - 15 g/ mound - dusting , 5) Metarril M103 - 15 g/mound - via net, 6) Boveril B102 (B. bassiana) - 10 g/mound - dusting, 7) Boveril B102 - 10 g/mound - via net, 8) Boveril B102 - 15 g/mound - dusting and 9) Boveril B102 - 15 g/mound - via net. The testing of mortality were made spraying of the laboratory with the field measurements performed in compliance with the same separation of the nests. The results suggested that the road dust (dosage of 10 g) of the fungi studied showed higher mortality of nests of small size (53%). B. bassiana (Boveril) (10 g) gave 80% mortality of C. cumulans when applied to nests ofsmall size.

The mobility and persistency of cadmium in the soil are determined by the intensity of adsorption by colloids. The evaluation of the free energy of cadmium adsorption by the soil is a measurement of the reaction strength. This study was carried out to evaluate the free energy of cadmium adsorption reaction in Luvisol and Cambisol samples after addition of different cadmium level. Cadmium adsorption was considered spontaneous, since free energy was negative. Free energy values decreased with increasing cadmium concentration and they were higher in samples with higher organic matter levels. Luvisol showed higher values of free energy of adsorption.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of weed interference with Brachiaria brizantha pasture establishment and regrowth after cutting. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously in randomized complete blocks with four replications. In the first test, forage was grown together with weeds for 0; 7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56, and 63 days after forage emergence (DAE) and in the second, the forage was maintained weed-free for the same periods. The weed population was evaluated during coexistence period between weeds and forage crop. The forage yield and leaf / stem ratio of B. brizantha were evaluated after forage cutting (63 DAE), and 119 and 289 DAE. Weed growth was strong in coexistence with B. brizantha during pasture formation, causing a reduction in forage yield. The period considered critical in the competition between the weed and forage community lasted from 9 to 26 DAE. However, there were also significant effects on the regrowth of B.brizantha after the second forage cut, in the dry season, showing that pasture recovery after cutting was prejudiced by the competing weeds during the pasture establishment. The competition did not affect the photoassimilate partitioning between leaves and stems in the forage plant.

This work aimed to identify the sustainability indicators of the producers in the river Faé, Ceará, watershed. The field analysis was carried out in September 2006, with the application of cross-over forms to the 237 small producers. Through the employment of the Factor Analysis/Principal Component Analysis AF/ACP it was identified that the model of better adjustment to express the sustainability of the watershed Faé was that composed of six factors, explaining 80.25% of the total variance, dissolved before in 12 dimensions. The first factor explained 21.73% of the total variance and it is related with the health of the farmers. The second and third factors presented a close relation with the soil vegetation cover and the irrigation management, responding for 15.57% and 14.82% of the total variance, respectively. The forth factor, explaining 10.18% of the total variance, presents itself as an indicator of the water preservation. The both remaining factor explain, together, 17.95% of the total variation and express the family organization and the agricultural production techniques of the region, respectively. The sustainability of the producers was determined mainly by the health, vegetation coverage conservation and irrigation indicators, expressing the need of practical courses and the action of the rural extension, where the producer will learn agricultural production techniques by doing them.

The present work objectified to detect tendencies of long period in the annual averages of the air temperature. We analyzed minimum, mean, and maximum temperature, absolute minimum, and absolute maximum. Twenty-four meteorological stations on the Northern Northeast (Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco) were used. We used the historical series from 1961 to 1990. To identify the tendencies, we used the analysis of lineal regression analysis. The Student's t-test was used to verify the statistical of the coefficients of lineal regression. We observed an increase of the minimum, mean, maximum temperature, and absolute minimum. The absolute maximum temperature didn't present significant tendencies of increase nor of decrease. We conclude that has had a decrease of the annual thermal amplitude of the temperature on the Northern Northeast, mainly, due to the increase of the night temperature.

In this work, the aim was to evaluate the performance of Irrigameter in the management of the irrigation water, led in the culture of the bean plant, comparatively to the use of the methods standard of stove, tensiometers, Bouyoucos, automatic meteorological station and pan Class A. Irrigameter was adjusted to the soil characteristics, culture of the bean and irrigation equipment to confection the management ruler. For direct estimation of the evapotranspiration of the culture of the bean plant in your development stadiums, Irrigameter operated inside with heights of the levels of water of the evaporatório same to 2, 3 and 5 cm, corresponding to the stadiums of initial development, vegetative development and flowering, respectively. The humidity obtained by the standard method of stove it was adopted as reference in the comparisons of the irrigation depth. Irrigameter can be used in the management of the irrigation to determine the consumption of water directly for a culture, in any development stadium; the methods that estimate the evapotranspiration of the culture overestimated the irrigation depth recommended by the standard method of stove, happening behavior contrary with the ones that determines the current humidity of the soil.