The aim of this paper was to determine resistance types of snap beans genotypes under infestation of bruchins Zabrotes subfasciatus (Bohemann, 1833) of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831) in a no choice and free choice tests. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four and five replications, respectively. In no choice test, it was evaluated the total number of viable and unviable eggs, dry weight of the consumed food, percentage of emerged insects, weight of insects, longevity of adults and biological cycle of egg to adult. In a free choice test, the number of attracted insects for each genotype and total number of eggs were evaluated. The genotype ARFVI047 presents oviposition non-preference resistance type to Z. subfasciatus. The genotype ARFVI008 presents resistance type of the antibiosis to Z. subfasciatus. The genotypes ARFVI006, ARFVI008 and ARFVI029 present resistance of non-preference for oviposition type to Z. subfasciatus and the genotype HAV 56 black seed presents resistance of non-preference type for feeding of A. obtectus.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the Sitophilus zeamais development in maize seeds, under four lightning systems and to find a mathematical model that describes the growth of this insect under the ambient conditions. Four wood cabinets were built, one of them was a natural light and the other ones as it follow: mixed light, sodium steam light and anti-bugs incandescent light. Inside each chamber, there were 18 recipients containing approximately 250g of seeds infested with 25 weevils. After the chambers building, a timer system was built, so the lamps would stay turned on always on the same time, from 6:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. to next day, consequently kept on for 12 hours. Every 21 days after the construction of the experiment 3 recipients from each chamber were taken off and weevils there were counted using the Belese funnel, and the seeds moisture was measured. It was not observed any influence on the bug development, who presented the maximum level of growing 84 days after the storage at all lightning systems tested. The humidity level kept constant itself until the 84th day and it had reduced significantly, indicating environmental changes during the procedure. The growth of S. zeamais can be described by a polynomial model.

This paper had as objective to build and to calibrate weight lysimeters of low capacity and to establish comparisons between the working status of constant level water table lysimeters. Two weight lysimeters of 15-L and 50-L and two constant level water table lysimeters of 15-L and 50-L were built at Embrapa Mandioca & Fruticultura Irrigation and Fertirrigation Laboratory, Cruz das Almas - BA, Brazil. Linearity, repetitivity and hysteresis errors in the range of reading of the weight lysimeter. Simultaneously measurements of soil evaporation were performed on bare soil with the two lysimeters in a 1-h interval. Afterwards, orange transpiration was measured by using lysimeters and by using a heat balance sap flow equipment. Results showed that the relation between analogical signals and the standard mass in the lysimeter provided linear equation with reasonable goodness of fit. The systematic and random errors were larger in the lysimeters of larger capacity. The instruments were able to make readings with good stability during the days of measurements and were also able to detect mass variation due to hourly transpiration. However, the measurements were in agreement if comparing average three day data.

This paper aimed to verify the presence of black-fly of citrus in the state of Pernambuco in Brazil and wordwide. The material with symptoms were collected in the metropolitan area of Recife/PE and subsequently led to the identification in the Insect Biology Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE on February 4, 2011. The samples collected from the branches of citrus and bilocular, found the presence of eggs, nymphs, "pupae" and adults of Aleurocanthus woglumi, confirming its occurrence in the state of Pernambuco. The presence of blackfly of citrus had been detected in the city in the state of Pernambuco as Timbaúba, Bom Jardim, Macaparana, Axes, Orobo, São Vincent Farrer and Itambé in citrus plants. Before that had a suspect in the Valley Siriji/PE, now it is in the metropolitan area of Recife, therefore we can confirm that the material collected and identified in the metropolitan area of Pernambuco is A. woglumi.

The timbó (Magonia pubescens St. Hil.), tree typical of the cerrado, has medicinal, timber, craft, ornamental and larvicidal. The aim of this paper to evaluate seedling emergence of M. pubescens under different light conditions. The experiment was conducted in chambers B.O.D. temperature 30 °C, substrate sand, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications of 50 seeds. The treatments were: 1) a photoperiod of 24 hours, 2) absence of light, 3) a photoperiod of 12 hours, 4) a photoperiod of 8 hours and 5) a photoperiod of 16 hours. The smallest percentage and emergence rate (45% and 14 days) were provided 12 h light and 12 h dark, and the emergence in all treatments was high (90 to 97.5%) and emergency speed too (7.4 to 10.5 days). The seeds of M. pubescens photoblastic are neutral in laboratory conditions at a temperature of 30 ºC and the emergence occurs between four and nine days.

The use of fertigation is becoming increasingly and common, which requires a thorough knowledge about the culture being used. Knowing the uptake is an important point, since this will determine how the split will occur. Among the nutrients of greatest importance to the development of crops are nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). The aim of this paper was to determine the uptake and accumulation of nutrients from cantaloupe melon type "Harper" within the conditions of Mossoró - RN, order for the recommended fertilizer application through drip irrigation. The experiment was in randomized blocks with two replications. The treatments were formed by the combination of increasing levels of nitrogen - N (N1 - 5, N2 - 37.78; N3 - 111.65; N4 - 237.65; N5 - 442.05; N6 - 666.41 kg ha-1) and potassium - K2O (K1 - 5; K2 - 82.86; K3 - 195.67; K4 - 364.61; K5 - 574.13; K6 - 827.54 kg ha-1). We assessed the biomass and accumulation of N, P and K in the plant. The dry matter accumulation in the plant was not affected by levels N and K applied by fertigation. The highest rate of absorption of nutrients occurred around 44 days after transplanting, indicating that this is the time when the plant has increased demand for fertilizer application. Nutrient requirements primary for melon followed the order: K> N> P. To N, the highest accumulation was observed in the vegetative parts (leaf + stem) and the P and K, the highest accumulation was observed in the fruit.

The riparian forests, belonging to the permanent preservation areas, are of fundamental importance for the preservation of water quality and minimize the effects of erosion on soil and thus the sedimentation of river. The land use of these areas cause environmental risks, especially to water resources. The geospatial technologies are, in the current scenario, as a tool that shows the real situation of the area, identifying the critical points, thus contributing to better management of these areas. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a spatial study of APP of the Mossoró river in urban area of municipal district of Mossoró, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, identifying the main causes of degradation and it's consequences to environment, especially the water resource, through geoprocessing's techniques. Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to spatially delimitate the area and image processing. Deforested areas comprised 310 ha, being more concentrated among the East-West Bridge and Barrocas's dam. Edification areas were more concentrated in Santa Luzia's Island and between Castelo Branco and Jerônimo Rosado's Bridges, occupying 78 ha. The areas covered by vegetation comprised 70 ha, which more concentrated in the area of Genesio' dam. There was enough sources of water pollution, especially domestic sewage.

The inoculation of seeds with the bacterium Azospirillum has been carried out in maize culture and other grasses. The application of growth bio-regulators is another technology whose results in maize culture have yet to become more widespread. Current study evaluates the agronomic effectiveness of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in maize, associated with the use of the growth regulator Stimulate ®. Triple hybrid maize CD 304 underwent the following treatments: 1 - control without nitrogen and without Azospirillum brasilense; 2 - Treatment without nitrogen but with Azospirillum brasilense; 3 - Treatment without nitrogen but with Azospirillum brasilense + Stimulate ®; 4 - Treatment with 50% of nitrogen dose recommended for maize culture; 5 - Treatment with 50% of nitrogen dose and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense; 6 - Same as 5 but with Stimulate ®; 7 - Total N recommended; 8 - Total N recommended + Azospirillum brasilense ; 9 - Total N recommended + Azospirillum brasilense + Stimulate ®. The inoculation of maize seeds with Azospirillum brasilense increases plant height and grain yield when compared with rates in control. The use of 50% of N dose in sowing, associated with the inoculation of maize seeds with Azospirillum brasilense at 200 mL ha-1 (mixed to the seeds) and associated with Stimulate ® (in foliar application), is viable.

The spreading of umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara) occurs sexual and asexual forms, with little information about the propagation by cuttings. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA), length and timing of collection of propagules in propagating of umbuzeiro. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 5 (IBA concentrations: 0, 1500, 3000, 4500, 6000 mg.L-1) x 2 (length of cuttings: 10 and 20 cm) x 2 (times of collection of cuttings: march and september) with three replications of twenty cuttings per experimental unit. The cuttings were immersed in IBA solution for the time of 10 seconds and placed in polyethylene bags containing substrate composed of sand, clay and vermicompost (3:1:1 v / v), which were packed and kept for 90 days under nursery, mesh that allowed the passage of 25% brightness. After this period the following variables were analyzed: percentage of rooted cuttings and shoots, number average root cuttings, and the mass of the fresh matter roots and shoots. The most rooting percentage was obtained in the stakes of umbuzeiro 20 cm inlength treated with IBA (6000 mg.L-1), planted in march. The smallest roots of umbuzeiro in September was probably because the plant was starting the process of flowering.

This paper aims to investigate the susceptibility of Coackroach Suriname (Pycnoscelus surinamensis) to entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, and vegetable products. The first phase of the research aimed to study the biological cycle of the insect. The second step was using bioassays in the laboratory using eight commercial products at different doses and each with three replicates being made three applications at weekly intervals. 10 cockroaches were placed in each container and kept in this chamber at 25 °C and U.R. of 70%. The treatments were: Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill (Boveril® B102), B. bassiana (Bovenat®), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok (Metarril® M102); M. anisopliae (Metanat®), all doses of 1, 2, 3 and 5 kg ha-1; azadirachtin (Natuneem®), neem oil + pepper extract (Nim-I-Go®), neem + timbó + citronella + fedegoso + geranium + organic acids (Compostonat®), rotenone (Rotenat®), all at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 5.0%, and control (distilled water). The Compostonat® at a dose of 5% was 100% effective in controlling the 1st application and also excelled on the lowest dose applied, reaching 83.33% efficiency in the 3rd application at a dose of 0.5%. We observed five instars: the first lasts an average of 18 days, the second 22, third 36, fourth and fifth in 45 days 63 days on average. Reproduce between 45 and 60 days after adult average of 25 nymphs per ootheca and average adult length of 24 mm.