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MULTIVARIATE APPROACH IN THE EVALUATION OF THE PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF BUFFALO MILK IN NORDESTINE SEMIARID Texto completo
2019
CAVALCANTE, PAULO OTÁVIO SILVA | PESSOA, RICARDO ALEXANDRE SILVA | ARANDAS, JANAINA KELLI GOMES | ROCHA, LAURA LEANDRO DA | RIBEIRO, MARIA NORMA
ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the production, chemical composition and hygienic -sanitary parameters of the milk of Murrah buffaloes raised in the northeastern semi-arid region. Data from 13,752 observations of lactations collected from the years of 2013 to 2016 from a herd in Rio Grande do Norte were used. The milk quality through chemical composition (contents of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids), somatic cell counts (CCS), and milk production was evaluated. Data were submitted to Pearson correlation, factorial analysis, multivariate analysis of variance per year, and per period (dry, rainy and transition) and canonical discriminant analysis by year and period. A high and positive correlation was observed for total solids and fat (0.91) and positive correlation for protein and total solids, yield, and lactose. Through factor analysis, four factors were selected that explained 88% of the total variation. The first factor was considered "milk quality factor, " the second factor as "milk production factor," and the third factor as " sanity factor." There was significant effect based on year but not significant effect based on period for the studied variables. In the canonical discriminant analysis per year, the discriminant power variables were (CCS), milk production and total solids. For periods were protein, production, lactose, fat, and total solids. Multivariate analysis was efficient in evaluating the production and chemical composition of buffalo milk and can be safely used in future studies. | RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a produção, composição química e parâmetro de qualidade higiênico sanitária do leite de búfalas da raça Murrah criadas no semiárido nordestino. Foram utilizados dados de 13.752 observações de lactações coletados dos anos de 2013 a 2016 em plantel no Rio Grande do Norte. Foram avaliadas a qualidade do leite através da composição química (teores de gordura, proteína, lactose, e sólidos totais), contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e produção do leite. Os dados foram submetidos a correlação de Pearson, análise fatorial, análise de variância multivariada por ano e por período (seco, chuvoso e transição) e análise discriminante canônica por ano e por período. Correlação alta e positiva foi observada para sólidos totais e gordura (0,91), e correlação positiva para proteína e sólidos totais, produção e lactose. Por meio da análise fatorial, foram selecionados 3 fatores que explicaram 88% da variação total. O primeiro fator foi considerado "fator qualidade do leite", o segundo fator como "fator produção de leite" e o terceiro como "fator sanidade". Houve efeito significativo de ano e não significativo de períodos para as variáveis estudadas. Na análise discriminante canônica por ano as variáveis de poder maior discriminante foram (CCS), produção de leite e sólidos totais. Dentro de período, as variáveis mais discriminantes foram proteína, produção, lactose, gordura e sólidos totais. As análises multivariadas mostram-se eficiente na avaliação da produção e composição química do leite búfala, podendo ser usada com segurança em futuros estudos dessa natureza.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]AGROCHEMICALS AND STEM CUTTING TYPES FOR PLANTLET PRODUCTION OF Spondias sp Texto completo
2019
MENDES, NOUGLAS VELOSO BARBOSA | SOUZA, FRANCISCO XAVIER DE | ROSSETTI, ADROALDO GUIMARÃES | NATALE, WILLIAM | CORRÊA, MÁRCIO CLEBER DE MEDEIROS
RESUMO A umbu-cajazeira (Spondias sp.), frutífera nativa do Nordeste brasileiro, produz frutos muito valorizados pelas agroindústrias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de agroquímicos e lesões no enraizamento e na formação de mudas/estacas, foi conduzido na Embrapa em Pacajus, CE, em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos: T1 = testemunha, T2 = estacas feridas + Sela Gel®, T3 = estacas feridas + Radimax®, T4 = estacas incisadas + Sela Gel® e T5 = estacas incisadas + Radimax®. Os ambientes (blocos): pleno sol; teto com plena sombra; sombrite 50% nas laterais e no teto; e sombrite 50% no teto. As parcelas tinham oito estacas, totalizando 160 estacas. Dos propágulos retirados de plantas, preparam-se estacas lenhosas, com 25 cm de comprimento e médias de 29,7 mm de diâmetro e 8,7 gemas/estaca. Em seguida foram tratadas com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 0,05%/4 minutos; depois fez-se os ferimentos e as incisões e aplicou-se o Sela Gel® por pincelamento e o Radimax® por imersão em solução de 10 mL/L d'água/10 minutos. O plantio foi em vasos plásticos pretos, com capacidade 6L, cheios com vermiculita + pó de cascas de coco + bagana de carnaúba triturada + cascas de arroz carbonizada (2:1:1:1, v/v), previamente pasteurizados. Entre os tratamentos e os blocos houve diferenças significativas. A incisão e a aplicação do Sela Gel® induziram a formação de calo, o enraizamento e a formação de mudas vigorosas, enquanto o Radimax® não induziu o enraizamento. | ABSTRACT Umbu-caja (Spondias sp.) is a fruit tree native to the Northeast region of Brazil, which is grown because of its highly valuable fruits for fruit processing industries. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of agrochemical applications and cutting types on the rooting and development of Spondias sp. plantlets. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, in Pacajus, CE, Brazil. A randomize block experimental design was used, with five treatments - control (T1); cuttings with two lesions at the base (CL) + rooting gel (RG) (Sela Gel®) (T2); CL + rooting fertilizer (RF) (Radimax®) (T3); cuttings with two transversal cross sections at the base (CS) + RG (T4); and CS + RF (T5). The environments (blocks) used were: full sun; 100% shade ceiling; 50% shade walls and ceiling; and 50% shade ceiling. The plots consisted of eight cuttings, totaling 160 cuttings. Propagules were taken from Spondias sp. plants to make woody cuttings with length of 25 cm, diameter of 29.7 mm, and mean bud per cutting of 8.7. All cuttings were immediately treated with a 0.05% sodium hypochlorite solution for four minutes before making the lesions and transversal cross sections and applying the treatments. The RG was applied by brushstroke, and the RF was applied by immersion in an aqueous solution of 10 mL L-1 for 10 minutes. The cuttings were planted into 6-liter black plastic pots filled with a pasteurized mixture of vermiculite, coconut husk powder, ground leaf fibers of Copernicia prunifera, and carbonized rice husk (2:1:1:1; v v-1). The treatments and blocks significantly affected the rooting and development of cuttings. The treatment with CS and application of the RG (T4) promoted root callus formation, rooting, and vigorous development of plantlets, whereas the RF (T3 and T5) failed to promote root formation.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]STINK BUG POPULATION FLUCTUATION AND CONTROL IN SOUR PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL Texto completo
2019
RIBEIRO, NOEL ALVES | ROSA, JOATAN MACHADO DA | FRANCO, CLÁUDIO ROBERTO | BOFF, MARI INÊS CARISSIMI
RESUMO O cultivo do maracujazeiro-azedo Passiflora edulis (Sims, 1818) vem obtendo destaque na fruticultura nacional devido ao aumento do consumo tanto da fruta fresca, como processada. Contudo, perdas pelo ataque de percevejos (Hemiptera: Coreidae) vêm preocupando fruticultores da região sul do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência e o controle de percevejos em pomar de maracujazeiro-azedo P. edulis, através da utilização de inseticidas naturais e sintéticos nas safras de 2013/14 e 2014/15 em Araquari/SC. A ocorrência de percevejos foi estudada através de amostragens utilizando a técnica do quadro de madeira com dimensão de 0,25 m2. As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente durante as duas safras. As espécies e a distribuição dos percevejos nas diferentes partes da planta foram quantificadas. Os inseticidas utilizados foram: Neenmax (Azadiractina 1,0%) na dose de 10 mL/L; Orobor N1 (Ácido cítrico N 1,0% + B 0,20%) 2 mL/L; Decis 25 EC (Deltametrina 2,5%) 1 mL/L, diluídos em solução aquosa. Foram observados exemplares de três espécies de percevejos, sendo 86% Diactor bilineatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae); 13,5% Holhymenia histrio (Hemiptera: Coreidae) e 0,5% de Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). D. bilineatus apresentou alta frequência, constância e dominância durante as safras avaliadas. Os percevejos encontravam-se 64% sobre os frutos, 18,5% sobre as folhas, 7,3% sobre os botões florais, 5,8% sobre as flores e 4,4 % sobre os ramos. A pulverização com Azadiractina e Deltametrina foram eficientes para reduzir a infestação de percevejos e ocorrência de frutos murchos no pomar de maracujazeiro-azedo. | ABSTRACT Sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims, 1818) crops in Brazil are drawing attention due to the national production, and the increasing consumption of this fruit as fresh and processed products. However, fruit losses due to damages caused by stink bugs (Hemiptera: Coreidae) are concerning to fruit growers in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the population fluctuation and control of stink bugs in P. edulis crops grown in the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 crop seasons in Araquari, SC, Brazil, using natural and synthetic insecticides. The stink bug population was evaluated using the 0.25 m2 frame technique. The evaluations were carried out weekly during the two crop seasons. The species and distribution of stink bugs in the different parts of the plant were evaluated. The insecticides and rates used were: Neenmax (azadirachtin 1.0%) at 10 mL L-1; Orobor N1 (N-citric acid 1.0% + 0.20% B) at 2 mL L-1; and Decis 25 EC (deltamethrin 2.5%) at 1 mL L-1, diluted in aqueous solution. Specimens of three stink bug species where found: 86% Diactor bilineatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae); 13.5% Holhymenia histrio (Hemiptera: Coreidae), and 0.5% Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). The D. bilineatus species presented higher frequency, constancy, and dominance during the evaluated crop seasons; 64% of the stink bugs were found on fruits, 18.5% on leaves, 7.3% on floral buds, 5.8% on flowers, and 4.4% on branches. The use of azadirachtin or deltamethrin was efficient to reduce the stink bug infestation and the number of P. edulis withered fruits.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF KALE INTERCROPPED WITH SPICE SPECIES Texto completo
2019
Hendges, Ana Régia Alves de Araújo | Guimarães, Marcelo de Almeida | Silva, Júlio César Dovale | Lima Neto, Benedito Pereira
AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF KALE INTERCROPPED WITH SPICE SPECIES Texto completo
2019
Hendges, Ana Régia Alves de Araújo | Guimarães, Marcelo de Almeida | Silva, Júlio César Dovale | Lima Neto, Benedito Pereira
ABSTRACT Intercropping is a management strategy for the sustainability of agricultural systems, and is suitable for the production of vegetables. Kale is predominantly grown singly, but field observations have indicated that this crop has satisfactory productive potential when grown in intercrops with other vegetables. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and biological efficiency of kale plants intercropped with spice species. The experiment was carried out at the Didactic Horta of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments consisted of kale grown singly and intercropped with spice species (chives, coriander, basil, and parsley) and these spice species grown singly. The fresh and dry weights of the kale leaves, and the shoot of the spice species were evaluated. The biological efficiency was evaluated by the land use efficiency index (LUE), relative contribution of the kale crop to the LUE, area time equivalent ratio, and system productivity index. The intercropping of kale with parsley resulted in the highest fresh, and dry weights of kale leaves, showing the highest agronomic efficiency. | RESUMO A consorciação de culturas é uma estratégia de manejo que visa a sustentabilidade dos agrossistemas, sendo adequada à produção de hortaliças. A couve é preponderantemente manejada sob cultivo solteiro, mas observações de campo tem indicado que a cultura tem potencial produtivo satisfatório quando cultivada em consórcio com outras hortaliças. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo e a eficiência biológica do consórcio de couve com espécies condimentares. O experimento foi realizado na Horta didática da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza - CE. Os tratamentos consistiram do cultivo de couve solteira e consorciada com espécies condimentares (cebolinha, coentro, manjericão e salsa), bem como seus respectivos cultivos solteiros. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Avaliou-se as massas fresca e seca das folhas de couve e da parte aérea para as espécies condimentares. A eficiência biológica foi avaliada pelo índice de uso eficiente da terra, contribuição relativa da cultura de couve ao UET, razão de área equivalente no tempo e índice de produtividade do sistema. O consórcio com salsa resultou nas maiores produções de massas fresca e seca de folhas de couve, mostrando-se com a maior eficiência agronômica.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE AND BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF KALE INTERCROPPED WITH SPICE SPECIES Texto completo
2019
Ana Régia Alves de Araújo Hendges | Marcelo de Almeida Guimarães | Júlio César Dovale | Benedito Pereira Lima
Intercropping is a management strategy for the sustainability of agricultural systems, and is suitable for the production of vegetables. Kale is predominantly grown singly, but field observations have indicated that this crop has satisfactory productive potential when grown in intercrops with other vegetables. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and biological efficiency of kale plants intercropped with spice species. The experiment was carried out at the Didactic Horta of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments consisted of kale grown singly and intercropped with spice species (chives, coriander, basil, and parsley) and these spice species grown singly. The fresh and dry weights of the kale leaves, and the shoot of the spice species were evaluated. The biological efficiency was evaluated by the land use efficiency index (LUE), relative contribution of the kale crop to the LUE, area time equivalent ratio, and system productivity index. The intercropping of kale with parsley resulted in the highest fresh, and dry weights of kale leaves, showing the highest agronomic efficiency.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES ON COFFEE GROWTH UNDER A NON-STERILE SOIL Texto completo
2019
Moreira, Samuel Dias | França, André Cabral | Grazziotti, Paulo Henrique | Leal, Felipe Douglas Soares | Silva, Enilson de Barros
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES ON COFFEE GROWTH UNDER A NON-STERILE SOIL Texto completo
2019
Moreira, Samuel Dias | França, André Cabral | Grazziotti, Paulo Henrique | Leal, Felipe Douglas Soares | Silva, Enilson de Barros
ABSTRACT The use of mycorrhiza is a promising biotechnology that makes coffee cultivation sustainable in the use of fertilizers. In this sense, plant growth and phosphorus contents were assessed in coffee inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Dentiscutata heterogama in soil fertilized with 0, 0.74, 1.48 and 2.96 g P2O5 kg-1. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The mycorrhizal seedlings were previously produced and later transplanted to pots, simulating the field planting. The assessments were performed 150 days after transplanting. All variables were influenced by inoculation, but the effects were dependent on P doses. P doses higher than 50% of the recommended dose (0.74 g P2O5 kg-1) decreased the benefit of mycorrhiza. The fungi Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum promoted a higher growth of coffee plants when compared to non-inoculated plants in non-sterilized soils and with a reduction in the applied P. | RESUMO O uso de micorriza é uma biotecnologia promissora a fim de tornar a cafeicultura sustentável na utilização de adubos. Nesse sentido, foi avaliado o crescimento e teores de fósforo em cafeeiro inoculado com Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum e Dentiscutata heterogama em solo adubado com 0; 0,74; 1,48 e 2,96 g kg-1 de P2O5. O experimento foi delineado em blocos e os tratamentos foram compostos pelo fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro repetições. As mudas micorrizadas foram previamente produzidas e posteriormente transplantadas para vasos, simulando o plantio no campo. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 150 dias após o transplantio. Todas as variáveis analisadas foram influenciadas pela inoculação, porém os efeitos foram dependentes das doses de P. Doses de P maiores que 50% da dose recomendada (0,74 g kg-1 de P2O5) diminuem o benefício da micorriza. Os fungos Rhizophagus clarus e Claroideoglomus etunicatum promovem maior crescimento das plantas de café em relação às plantas não inoculadas, nos solos não esterilizados e com redução do P aplicado.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES ON COFFEE GROWTH UNDER A NON-STERILE SOIL Texto completo
2019
Samuel Dias Moreira | André Cabral França | Paulo Henrique Grazziotti | Felipe Douglas Soares Leal | Enilson de Barros Silva
The use of mycorrhiza is a promising biotechnology that makes coffee cultivation sustainable in the use of fertilizers. In this sense, plant growth and phosphorus contents were assessed in coffee inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Dentiscutata heterogama in soil fertilized with 0, 0.74, 1.48 and 2.96 g P2O5 kg-1. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The mycorrhizal seedlings were previously produced and later transplanted to pots, simulating the field planting. The assessments were performed 150 days after transplanting. All variables were influenced by inoculation, but the effects were dependent on P doses. P doses higher than 50% of the recommended dose (0.74 g P2O5 kg-1) decreased the benefit of mycorrhiza. The fungi Rhizophagus clarus and Claroideoglomus etunicatum promoted a higher growth of coffee plants when compared to non-inoculated plants in non-sterilized soils and with a reduction in the applied P.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG AND WITHIN BRAVE BEAN (Capparis flexuosa L.) POPULATIONS ASSESSED USING RAPD MARKERS Texto completo
2019
Almeida Neto, Jorge Xavier de | Rêgo, Mailson Monteiro do | Rêgo, Elizanilda Ramalho do | Silva, Ana Paula Gomes da
GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG AND WITHIN BRAVE BEAN (Capparis flexuosa L.) POPULATIONS ASSESSED USING RAPD MARKERS Texto completo
2019
Almeida Neto, Jorge Xavier de | Rêgo, Mailson Monteiro do | Rêgo, Elizanilda Ramalho do | Silva, Ana Paula Gomes da
RESUMO O feijão-bravo (Capparis flexuosa) é uma espécie nativa da Caatinga e é utilizada como forrageira, principalmente na estação seca onde parte das espécies vegetais perdem suas folhas. Objetivou-se estudar a diversidade genética dentro e entre populações de feijão-bravo usando marcadores RAPD. O estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal do CCA/UFPB. Foram coletadas folhas de 30 acessos de feijão-bravo/população nos seguintes municípios do estado da Paraíba: Barra de Santa Rosa (BSR), Cuité (C), São João do Cariri (SJC), Damião (D), Baraúna (B) e Picuí (P). A extração de DNA seguiu a metodologia de utilização do CTAB com modificações. Análises de RAPD foram realizadas usando 18 primers e o polimorfismo de fragmentos de DNA amplificados foi visualizado em gel de agarose após eletroforese. Os dados foram submetidos ao Coeficiente de Similaridade Jaccard, agrupados seguindo a UPGMA e calculou-se o Coeficiente de Correlação Cofenética, Estresse e Distorção. 14 primers geraram polimorfismo de banda, no entanto, as populações apresentaram baixo número de locos polimórficos (27 em BSR, 18 em C, 7 em SJC, 9 em D, 0 em B e P) sendo o maior conteúdo de informação polimórfica foi encontrado nos municípios de BSR (9 grupos), C (22 grupos), São João do Cariri (7 grupos) e D (6 grupos). Formou-se 34 grupos na análise interpopulacional. As matrizes formadas apresentaram altos índices de correlação cofenética (0,95 a 0,98), baixo estresse (12,9 a 17,45%) e distorção (3,05%). Portanto, há variabilidade genética entre e dentro de populações de feijão-bravo. | ABSTRACT Brave bean (Capparis flexuosa L.) is a Caatinga species that is used as forage, mainly during the dry season when some plant species lose their leaves. The aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity within and among brave bean populations using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Brave bean leaves were collected from 30 accessions in the following municipalities of Paraíba state, Brazil: Barra de Santa Rosa (BSR), Cuité (C), São João do Cariri (SJC), Damião (D), Baraúna (B), and Picuí (P). DNA extraction followed the standard methodology of CTAB with modifications. RAPD analyses were carried out using 18 primers, and polymorphism of the amplified DNA fragments was visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis. Data were used to calculate Jaccard Similarity Coefficient values, which were then used to group samples with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean. Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient, Stress, and Distortion Coefficient values were also calculated from these analyses. Band polymorphism was generated with 14 primers, but the sampled populations showed low numbers of polymorphic loci (27 in BSR, 18 in C, 7 in SJC, 9 in D, and 0 in B and P). The highest polymorphic information content was found in samples from the BSR (9 groups), C (22 groups), SJC (7 groups), and D (6 groups) municipalities. In the interpopulation analysis, 34 groups were formed, the matrices of which showed high cophenetic correlations (0.95 to 0.98), but low stress (12.9 to 17.45%) and distortion (3.05%). Therefore, results showed that there was genetic variability both among and within brave bean populations.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG AND WITHIN BRAVE BEAN (Capparis flexuosa L.) POPULATIONS ASSESSED USING RAPD MARKERS Texto completo
2019
Jorge Xavier de Almeida | Mailson Monteiro do Rêgo | Elizanilda Ramalho do Rêgo | Ana Paula Gomes da Silva
Brave bean (Capparis flexuosa L.) is a Caatinga species that is used as forage, mainly during the dry season when some plant species lose their leaves. The aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity within and among brave bean populations using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Brave bean leaves were collected from 30 accessions in the following municipalities of Paraíba state, Brazil: Barra de Santa Rosa (BSR), Cuité (C), São João do Cariri (SJC), Damião (D), Baraúna (B), and Picuí (P). DNA extraction followed the standard methodology of CTAB with modifications. RAPD analyses were carried out using 18 primers, and polymorphism of the amplified DNA fragments was visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis. Data were used to calculate Jaccard Similarity Coefficient values, which were then used to group samples with the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean. Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient, Stress, and Distortion Coefficient values were also calculated from these analyses. Band polymorphism was generated with 14 primers, but the sampled populations showed low numbers of polymorphic loci (27 in BSR, 18 in C, 7 in SJC, 9 in D, and 0 in B and P). The highest polymorphic information content was found in samples from the BSR (9 groups), C (22 groups), SJC (7 groups), and D (6 groups) municipalities. In the interpopulation analysis, 34 groups were formed, the matrices of which showed high cophenetic correlations (0.95 to 0.98), but low stress (12.9 to 17.45%) and distortion (3.05%). Therefore, results showed that there was genetic variability both among and within brave bean populations.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SAVED COWPEA SEEDS USED IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID REGION Texto completo
2019
Silva, Fernando Henrique Alves da | Torres, Salvador Barros | Carvalho, Sara Monaliza Costa | Bai, Manuela | Lopes, Welder de Araújo Rangel
PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SAVED COWPEA SEEDS USED IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID REGION Texto completo
2019
Silva, Fernando Henrique Alves da | Torres, Salvador Barros | Carvalho, Sara Monaliza Costa | Bai, Manuela | Lopes, Welder de Araújo Rangel
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes salvas de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) utilizadas no semiárido brasileiro e compará-las com as variedades de sementes certificadas. Foram testadas 37 amostras de sementes salvas oriundas de diferentes municípios do Rio Grande do Norte e duas variedades de sementes certificadas (BRS Guariba e BRS Pujante), provenientes do campo de produção da Embrapa Produtos e Mercado, Petrolina, PE. Para avaliação da qualidade física, as sementes foram submetidas aos testes de grau de umidade, peso hectolítrico, peso de mil sementes e pureza física. Na avaliação da qualidade fisiológica testou-se a germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência em campo, índice de velocidade de emergência, matéria seca de parte aérea e envelhecimento acelerado. As sementes salvas de feijão-caupi apresentaram grandes diferenças, sugerindo tanto a influência da variabilidade genética como dos diferentes ambientes de cultivo. A utilização de sementes salvas de feijão-caupi pelos pequenos produtores das áreas semiáridas do nordeste do Brasil se constitui em prática inviável por se tratar de sementes de qualidades física e fisiológica inferiores às sementes de origem certificadas. | ABSTRACT This study evaluated the physical and physiological attributes of saved cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) used in the Brazilian semi-arid area and compared them with certified seed varieties. The study tested 37 saved seed samples from the state of Rio Grande do Norte and two varieties of certified seeds (“BRS Guariba” and “BRS Pujante”) from the production field of Embrapa Products and Market, Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The seeds were tested for moisture, hectoliter weight, weight of 1,000 seeds, and physical purity to evaluate the physical quality. Germination, first germination count, field emergence, emergence rate index, shoot dry mass, and accelerated aging were tested for physiological quality. The saved cowpea seeds showed great differences, suggesting the influence of genetic variability and different growing environments. The use of saved cowpea seeds by small farmers in the semi-arid areas of Northeastern Brazil is impractical, because these seeds have inferior physical and physiological qualities compared to certified cowpea seeds.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]PHYSICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SAVED COWPEA SEEDS USED IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID REGION Texto completo
2019
Fernando Henrique Alves da Silva | Salvador Barros Torres | Sara Monaliza Costa Carvalho | Manuela Bai | Welder de Araújo Rangel Lopes
This study evaluated the physical and physiological attributes of saved cowpea seeds (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) used in the Brazilian semi-arid area and compared them with certified seed varieties. The study tested 37 saved seed samples from the state of Rio Grande do Norte and two varieties of certified seeds (“BRS Guariba” and “BRS Pujante”) from the production field of Embrapa Products and Market, Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The seeds were tested for moisture, hectoliter weight, weight of 1,000 seeds, and physical purity to evaluate the physical quality. Germination, first germination count, field emergence, emergence rate index, shoot dry mass, and accelerated aging were tested for physiological quality. The saved cowpea seeds showed great differences, suggesting the influence of genetic variability and different growing environments. The use of saved cowpea seeds by small farmers in the semi-arid areas of Northeastern Brazil is impractical, because these seeds have inferior physical and physiological qualities compared to certified cowpea seeds.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY AND OIL CONTENT OF CASTOR BEAN SEEDS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS? Texto completo
2019
Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos | Carvalho, Maria Laene Moreira de | Lopes, Camila Aparecida | Pinho, Édila Vilela de Resende Von | Coelho, Stefânia Vilas Boas
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY AND OIL CONTENT OF CASTOR BEAN SEEDS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS? Texto completo
2019
Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos | Carvalho, Maria Laene Moreira de | Lopes, Camila Aparecida | Pinho, Édila Vilela de Resende Von | Coelho, Stefânia Vilas Boas
ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different storage conditions on the physiological and sanitary quality and oil content of castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds. Seeds of castor bean plants of the Guarani, and IAC-80 cultivars were stored in two environments (cold room, and room conditions), using three package types (multifoliate Kraft paper bag, and polyethylene bag, and polyethylene bag with vacuum at 1 atm). In addition, another storage condition was evaluated: cryopreservation (-196 °C) in foil paper bags. Seed quality was evaluated before storage and at 4, 8, and 12 months after storage by testing their 7-day and 14-day germination, emergence, health, water content, and oil content. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with 7×4 factorial arrangement consisting of seven storage conditions and four evaluation times. Cryopreservation is the ideal condition for maintaining the seed physiological quality of the Ricinus communis cultivars used throughout storage. The oil content of the R. communis seeds decreases, and the incidence of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. fungi increases throughout storage, regardless of the storage conditions. | RESUMO Para investigar se diferentes condições de armazenamento interferem no potencial fisiológico, sanitário e no teor de óleo de sementes de mamona (Ricinus communis) foram utilizadas sementes de duas cultivares, Guarani e IAC-80, armazenadas em dois ambientes (câmara fria e armazém convencional) em duas embalagens (saco de papel Kraft multifoliado e saco plástico - com e sem acondicionamento a vácuo a 1 atm). Testou-se ainda outro tipo de acondicionamento, utilizando-se papel aluminizado para criopreservação das sementes (-196 °C). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada antes do armazenamento e após 4, 8 e 12 meses por meio dos testes de geminação (contagem aos 7 e 14 dias), emergência, sanidade, teor de água e teor de óleo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 7x4, sendo sete condições de armazenamento e quatro épocas. A criopreservação (-196 °C) é a condição ideal para manutenção do potencial fisiológico de sementes de Ricinus communis, cultivares IAC-80 e Guarani, ao longo do armazenamento. Independente das condições de armazenamento de sementes de R. communis, o teor de óleo decresce e a incidência dos fungos Aspergillus spp. e Fusarium spp. aumenta ao longo do armazenamento.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY AND OIL CONTENT OF CASTOR BEAN SEEDS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS? Texto completo
2019
Heloisa Oliveira dos Santos | Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho | Camila Aparecida Lopes | Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho | Stefânia Vilas Boas Coelho
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different storage conditions on the physiological and sanitary quality and oil content of castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds. Seeds of castor bean plants of the Guarani, and IAC-80 cultivars were stored in two environments (cold room, and room conditions), using three package types (multifoliate Kraft paper bag, and polyethylene bag, and polyethylene bag with vacuum at 1 atm). In addition, another storage condition was evaluated: cryopreservation (-196 °C) in foil paper bags. Seed quality was evaluated before storage and at 4, 8, and 12 months after storage by testing their 7-day and 14-day germination, emergence, health, water content, and oil content. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with 7×4 factorial arrangement consisting of seven storage conditions and four evaluation times. Cryopreservation is the ideal condition for maintaining the seed physiological quality of the Ricinus communis cultivars used throughout storage. The oil content of the R. communis seeds decreases, and the incidence of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. fungi increases throughout storage, regardless of the storage conditions.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS Texto completo
2019
Nunes, Luma Rayane de Lima | Pinheiro, Paloma Rayane | Pinheiro, Charles Lobo | Lima, Kelly Andressa Peres | Dutra, Alek Sandro
GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS Texto completo
2019
Nunes, Luma Rayane de Lima | Pinheiro, Paloma Rayane | Pinheiro, Charles Lobo | Lima, Kelly Andressa Peres | Dutra, Alek Sandro
RESUMO A salinidade é prejudicial ao desenvolvimento vegetal, causando diferentes danos às espécies, ou até mesmo entre genótipos da mesma espécie, com os efeitos sendo agravados quando combinado a outro estresse, como o térmico. Objetivou-se avaliar a tolerância ao estresse salino de genótipos de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) em diferentes temperaturas. As sementes dos genótipos Pujante, Epace 10 e Marataoã foram semeadas em rolos de papel (Germitest®), umedecidos com diferentes concentrações salinas de 0,0 (controle); 1,5; 3,0, 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1, acondicionados em câmara de germinação (B.O.D.) nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35 ºC. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em parcela subdividida no esquema de 3×4×5, com quatro repetições por tratamento. As variáveis analisadas foram porcentagem de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea e da raiz e massa seca total da plântula. Nas condições de temperaturas de 30 e 35 °C, o aumento da concentração salina foi mais prejudicial à germinação dos genótipos Epace 10 e Pujante, enquanto para o Marataoã isto ocorreu na temperatura de 20 °C. Na temperatura de 25 °C a germinação e o vigor dos genótipos foram maiores, sendo que, o genótipo Pujante mostrou-se mais tolerante ao estresse salino, enquanto Epace 10 e Marataoã a temperaturas elevadas. A germinação dos genótipos de feijão-caupi foi mais sensível ao estresse salino quando submetidas ao estresse térmico, causado por temperatura baixa de 20 °C ou elevada de 35 °C. | ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS Texto completo
2019
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes | Paloma Rayane Pinheiro | Charles Lobo Pinheiro | Kelly Andressa Peres Lima | Alek Sandro Dutra
Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]CO-INOCULATION OF GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA AND Glomus clarum IN MICROPROPAGATED CASSAVA PLANTS Texto completo
2019
Lopes, Esmeralda Aparecida Porto | Silva, Almir Dias Alves da | Mergulhão, Adália Cavalcanti do Espírito Santo | Silva, Emmanuella Vila Nova da | Santiago, Antônio Dias | Figueiredo, Márcia do Vale Barreto
CO-INOCULATION OF GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA AND Glomus clarum IN MICROPROPAGATED CASSAVA PLANTS Texto completo
2019
Lopes, Esmeralda Aparecida Porto | Silva, Almir Dias Alves da | Mergulhão, Adália Cavalcanti do Espírito Santo | Silva, Emmanuella Vila Nova da | Santiago, Antônio Dias | Figueiredo, Márcia do Vale Barreto
ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and growth promoting bacteria in plants (PGPBs) benefit the survival and development of plantlets; such benefits are attributed to the increased absorption of nutrients, increased photosynthetic rate and tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the co-inoculation PGPBs and the AMF, Glomus clarum, improves the growth of micropropagated Manihot esculenta Crantz. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse. The PGPBs used were Azospirillum amazonense (BR 11140), Herbaspirillum seropedicae (BR 11175), Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (BR 11284) and Streptomyces sp. (S 30) and mixtures with double inoculation (Streptomyces sp + A. amazonense, Streptomyces sp + H. seropedicae, Streptomyces sp + G. diazotrophicus, A. amazonense + H. seropedicae, A. amazonense + G. diazotrophicus, and H. seropedicae + G. diazotrophicus). Strains of PGPBs inoculated in cassava cv. "BRA Pretinha III" influenced mycorrhizal colonization and the number of glomerospores, and synergistic effects occurred between Glomus clarum and PGPBs. The crude protein content revealed the contribution of PGPBs to nitrogen nutrition in cassava where the inoculated plants assimilated N in equal proportion with those that received mineral nitrogen. The combined inoculation of PGPBs in the presence of Glomus clarum was significant in cassava and fostered better performance in plant growth over time, similar to all the variables studied. Co-inoculation of PGPBs and AMF can meet the N need of cassava, with implications for the reduced use of N fertilizer. | RESUMO Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e com as bactérias promotoras de crescimento (BPCPs) beneficiam a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento de plântulas; tais benefícios são atribuídos ao aumento da absorção de nutrientes, aumento da taxa fotossintética, e aumento da tolerância a estresse abiótico. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar se a co-inoculação de BPCPs e do FMA, Glomus clarum, melhora o crescimento de Manihot esculenta Crantz micropropagada. As BPCPs utilizadas foram Azospirillum amazonense (BR 11140), Herbaspirillum seropedicae (BR 11175), Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (BR 11284) e Streptomyces sp. (S 30), isoladas e em mistura com dupla inoculação (Streptomyces sp. + A. amazonense), (Streptomyces sp. + H. seropedicae), (Streptomyces sp. + G. diazotrophicus), (A. amazonense + H. seropedicae), (A. amazonense + G. diazotrophicus), (H. seropedicae + G. diazotrophicus). As estirpes de BPCPs inoculadas na mandioca cv. "BRA Pretinha III" influenciaram a colonização micorrízica e o número de glomerosporos. Nessas condições ocorreram efeitos sinérgicos de Glomus clarum com essas BPCPs. O teor de proteína bruta revelou a contribuição de BPCPs na nutrição nitrogenada de mandioca em que as plantas inoculadas assimilaram N em proporção igual àquelas que receberam nitrogênio mineral. A inoculação combinada de BPCPs na presença de Glomus clarum foi significativa na mandioca e melhorou o crescimento da planta ao longo do tempo, como em todas as variáveis estudadas. A co-inoculação de BPCPs e FMA pode atender a necessidade de N para mandioca, implicando redução no uso de fertilizante nitrogenado.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]CO-INOCULATION OF GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA AND Glomus clarum IN MICROPROPAGATED CASSAVA PLANTS Texto completo
2019
Esmeralda Aparecida Porto Lopes | Almir Dias Alves da Silva | Adália Cavalcanti do Espírito Santo Mergulhão | Emmanuella Vila Nova da Silva | Antônio Dias Santiago | Márcia do Vale Barreto Figueiredo
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and growth promoting bacteria in plants (PGPBs) benefit the survival and development of plantlets; such benefits are attributed to the increased absorption of nutrients, increased photosynthetic rate and tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the co-inoculation PGPBs and the AMF, Glomus clarum, improves the growth of micropropagated Manihot esculenta Crantz. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse. The PGPBs used were Azospirillum amazonense (BR 11140), Herbaspirillum seropedicae (BR 11175), Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (BR 11284) and Streptomyces sp. (S 30) and mixtures with double inoculation (Streptomyces sp + A. amazonense, Streptomyces sp + H. seropedicae, Streptomyces sp + G. diazotrophicus, A. amazonense + H. seropedicae, A. amazonense + G. diazotrophicus, and H. seropedicae + G. diazotrophicus). Strains of PGPBs inoculated in cassava cv. "BRA Pretinha III" influenced mycorrhizal colonization and the number of glomerospores, and synergistic effects occurred between Glomus clarum and PGPBs. The crude protein content revealed the contribution of PGPBs to nitrogen nutrition in cassava where the inoculated plants assimilated N in equal proportion with those that received mineral nitrogen. The combined inoculation of PGPBs in the presence of Glomus clarum was significant in cassava and fostered better performance in plant growth over time, similar to all the variables studied. Co-inoculation of PGPBs and AMF can meet the N need of cassava, with implications for the reduced use of N fertilizer.
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