This study investigates the possibilities of applying water generated from the atmosphere for agricultural processes, particularly hydroponic systems. A solar powered, off-grid greenhouse system is proposed as a theoretical solution to food production, in areas affected by water scarcity. Two experiments are conducted with the purpose of testing atmospheric water quality and how it performs in a hydroponic setting. The plausibility of powering said greenhouse system using solar energy is investigated, considering several available solar technologies. Ultimately, the footprint area required to install enough capacity to power the system is discussed, and the potential site of such a system is modelled and visualized. The experiments concluded that atmospheric water is likely suitable for hydroponic use. The study also found that the footprint area required for the greenhouse system probably can be considered reasonable for certain applications, but more research and advances within solar power technology would be beneficial | <p>2021-06-08</p>

This thesis concerns with water, energy, and food (WEF) security in Nepal in relation to hydropower development. Hydropower is challenging to WEF security in three ways: First, the focus is only on energy generation which overlooks the impacts on land, forest, water and biodiversity. Second, the hydropowerprojects are being built in the tributaries of transboundary rivers where local, national and international interests and priorities intersect because these rivers are sources of the economy; water, energy, food commodities; and other ecosystems services. Third, discourses on renewable energy, sustainable development and climate change portray hydropower as a promising renewable energy source as other renewable energy sources hold very less potential in Nepal. In this context, this thesis evaluates if the benefit-sharing approach can be a solution to overcome problems related to the implementation of hydropower which challenges WEF security. Therefore, the study adoptsWEF Nexus Framework and Benefit-sharing Framework to evaluate the challenges and possibilities for rising WEF security minimizing the hydropower-induced trade-offs. The study finds hydropower development in Nepal is rapid and haphazard which merely conceives trade-offs between energy production and other benefits. But benefit-sharing practice, though it is still in its nascent phase, has positively impacted WEF security primarily at the local level, mainly by providing irrigation and drinking water facilities, rural electrification, and agriculture-related livelihood training and support. However, a well-planned benefit-sharing approach as an integral part of hydropower development is lacking which foils equitable distribution of benefits among stakeholders across all levels and smooth implementation o f hydropower projects to enhance the sustainability of hydropower.

Världens befolkning och städer växer. I takt med detta ökar efterfrågan på tillgångar av mat, energi och vatten och det finns efterfrågan på tillvägagångssätt som tar hänsyn till både synergier och konflikter mellan dessa. Ett projekt som syftade till att skapa kunskap inom dessa samband genom att använda så kallade Urban Living Labs, ULLs, var det transnationella projektet CRUNCH. Urban Living Labs kan beskrivas som en slags samling tillvägagångssätt som betonar experimentella tillvägagångssätt och en hög nivå av deltagande och samskapande. Men ULLs har visat sig kunna se mycket olika ut och den här studien är ett bidrag till den växande empirin inom ämnet. Studien analyserade hur en av de deltagande städerna inom CRUNCH arbetat med samverkan och samskapande och vilka hinder och möjligheter ULL har som tillvägagångssätt för deltagande, samverkan och samskapande. Detta gjordes genom en kvalitativ fallstudie av Uppsalas ULL Rosendal och analyserades genom teorier om deltagande och kollaborativ governance. Studien fann att deltagandet var smalt och främst skedde genom konsultation och information. De främsta möjligheterna till samarbete verkade vara de inledande villkoren och ett ömsesidigt beroende mellan parterna för att få finansiering till att utveckla sina idéer. De främsta hindren verkade finnas i en obalans i resurser vad gäller finansiering och möjligheter att delta. Men det kanske allra främsta hindret var dock en bristande delad förståelse av begreppet ULL. Begreppet sattes snarare som en ”stämpel” på projekt som redan fanns utan att tillföra dem något extra i form av deltagande eller samverkan. | The world's population and cities are growing. As the demand for food, energy and water resources increases there is a demand for approaches that consider both synergies and conflicts between them. One project that aimed to create knowledge in this nexus by using something called Urban Living Labs, ULLs, was the transnational project CRUNCH. Urban Living Labs can be described as a collection of approaches that emphasizes experimental approaches and a high level of participation and co-creation. But ULLs have been shown to take a variety of different forms and this study is a contribution to the growing empirical evidence in the subject. The study analysed how one of the participating cities within CRUNCH worked with collaboration and co-creation and what obstacles and opportunities ULL has as an approach for participation, collaboration, and co-creation. This was done through a qualitative case study of Uppsala's ULL Rosendal and analysed through theories of participation and collaborative governance. The study found that participation was narrow and mainly took place through consultation and information. The main opportunities for cooperation seemed to be the initial starting conditions and an interdependence between the partners to get funding to develop their ideas. The main obstacles seemed to be resource imbalances in terms of funding and means to participate. But perhaps the main obstacle was a lack of shared understanding of the main concept of ULL. The term was rather applied as a label on projects that already existed, without adding anything extra to them in terms of participation or collaboration.