RESUMEN El ácido orgánico mejora los parámetros productivos y la respuesta a tratamientos. Con el objetivo de evaluar el uso de ácidos orgánicos en las ponedoras de la línea Hy-Line para determinar el efecto en los parámetros productivos y la calidad del agua en etapa de crianza de la semana 10 hasta la semana 16. Se realizó una investigación utilizando un diseño completamente al azar, donde se utilizaron cuatro tratamientos y cuatro réplicas con 20 unidades cada uno, denominado T0 (testigo), T1, T2 y T3; administrando la mezcla de ácidos orgánicos en la dosis establecida para cada tratamiento 0,5 cc; 1 cc y 1,5 cc por litro de agua. Se evaluaron variables como peso inicial del pollo, peso por semana del pollo, consumo de alimento, consumo de agua y mortalidad. Así mismo, se realizó un análisis físico-químico: pH del agua, cloro residual, temperatura y dureza. Se obtuvieron parámetros productivos superiores (p=<0.05) en comparación con el grupo control. Los mejores resultados en peso corporal se obtuvieron en el T3 con 1385,50g. De la misma manera, el T3 logro obtener un mejor resultado en el consumo de agua durante todas las semanas, excepto en la catorce que fue el T1 quien obtuvo un mejor promedio. En cuanto a los análisis físico-químicos el T1 tuvo un mejor pH de 3,29; cloro libre: 0,17mg/l y dureza residual: 7,64mg/l; se concluye que el mejor resultado en parámetros productivos fue el T3, mientras que en el análisis físico químico el T1 obtuvo mejoras significativas. | ABSTRACT The organic acid improves the productive parameters and the response to treatments. With the aim of evaluating the use of organic acids in the layers of the Hy-Line line to determine the effect on the productive parameters and the quality of the water in the rearing stage from week 10 to week 16. An investigation was carried out using a completely randomized design, where four treatments and four replications with 20 units each were used, called T0 (control), T1, T2 and T3; administering the mixture of organic acids in the dose established for each treatment 0.5 cc; 1 cc and 1.5 cc per liter of water. Variables such as initial chicken weight, chicken weight per week, feed consumption, water consumption and mortality were evaluated. Likewise, a physical-chemical analysis was carried out: pH of the water, residual chlorine, temperature and hardness. Higher productive parameters were obtained (p = <0.05) compared to the control group. The best results in body weight were obtained in T3 with 1385.50g. In the same way, T3 managed to obtain a better result in the consumption of water during all the weeks, except in the fourteen that it was T1 who obtained a better average. Regarding the physical-chemical analysis, T1 had a better pH of 3.29; free chlorine: 0.17mg / l and residual hardness: 7.64mg / l; It is concluded that the best result in productive parameters was T3, while in the physical-chemical analysis, T1 obtained significant improvements.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of diets with different levels of inclusion of water for pigs in the weaning phase by digestibility and performance parameters. We established three treatments, corresponding to (T1) basal dry and mash diet, (T2) basal diet with the inclusion of water in the ratio of 1:1 (1kg water for 1kg feed) and (T3) ratio of 2:1 (2kg water for 1kg feed). In the digestibility experiment, 12 piglets with average weight of 19.09 ± 2.88 kg were used. The experimental design for the metabolism trial was completely randomized with three treatments and four replications. In the performance evaluation, 36 crossbred commercial line pigs, 18 females and 18 castrated males, with initial weight of 12.32 ± 1.4 kg, were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications, totaling 18 experimental units, with each replicate consisting of a castrated male and one female. Diets with different levels of inclusion of water did not influence (P> 0.05) (P value) animal performance and digestibility; however, the rate of metabolization of crude protein was higher (P <0.05) for a 1:1 water / feed ration in the control group.

Se realizo un ensayo con terneros Aberdeen Angus, que consumian heno de Eragrostis curvula (5 p. 100 PB y 77,8 FND) y Medicago sativa (18 p. 100 PB y 47,3 FND) y agua de bebida con 1,75 g/L y 5,9 g/L de residuo seco de evaporacion. Los terneros recibian el mismo forraje, pero diferente calidad de agua. Se midio: consumo de materia seca (CMS, kg/kg sup (0,75)), consumo de agua (CH2O, L/kg sup (0,75)) y digestibilidad (DMS p. 100). Los resultados indican que para baja calidad de forraje el CMS (0,067 +- 0,013), CH2O (0,225 +- 0,047) y DMS (56,21 +- 9,8 p. 100) fueron superiores cuando se suministro agua de alta salinidad que para media salinidad de agua (CMS = 0,060 +- 0,011; CH2O = 0,203 +- 0,044; DMS = 48,16 +- 11,42 p. 100). Con el forraje de alta calidad la situacion es inversa, con alta salinidad del agua los valores de CMS (0,108 +- 0,024) y CH2O (0,453 +- 0,087) son menores que para media salinidad del agua (CMS = 0,114 +- 0,018; CH2O = 0,525 +- 0,162) y la digestibilidad es igual para ambos casos (DMS = 66,84 +- 8,41 p. 100; 66,55 +- 7,27 p. 100). Se concluye que en condiciones de baja calidad de forraje, agua con hasta 6 g de RSE/L es beneficiosa, al mejorar la digestibilidad y consumo del forraje, pero con forraje de alta calidad, se limita el consumo de esta y del forraje.

Estudaram-se a ingestão de alimentos e de água e a ruminação em vacas primíparas e multíparas da raça Holandesa, com alta produção de leite, criadas em sistema de confinamento do tipo free stall, em diferentes combinações de temperatura ambiente e umidade relativa do ar. Foram realizadas três coletas de dados nos meses de verão e três nos de inverno, todas elas com duração de 24 horas. As atividades de alimentação e ruminação foram monitoradas em intervalos de 15 minutos e a de ingestão de água, continuamente ao longo das 24 horas. A temperatura ambiente e a umidade relativa do ar foram observadas em intervalos de uma hora. O binômio temperatura ambiente/umidade do ar alteraram significativamente (P<0,05) o padrão de alimentação de vacas e novilhas nas coletas de verão, período de alimentação esperado de 6h-18h, para o intervalo de 18h-24h. A ruminação foi afetada principalmente pelo padrão diário de alimentação. O padrão de ingestão de água, da mesma forma, variou significativamente (P<0,05) em função do comportamento de alimentação e das condições ambientais (temperatura ambiente e umidade do ar), marcadamente no lote de vacas. | The feeding behaviour, rumination and water consumption of primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows, housed in a free-stall system were studied, in response to different combinations of temperature and relative air humidity. Data were collected during three days (24 hours) in the summer and winter months. Feeding behaviour and rumination were monitored in each 15 minute intervals, and the water ingestion, continuously all day long. Environmental temperature and relative humidity were also monitored in each hour interval. During summer time, the environmental temperature and relative humidity significantly affected (P<0.05) feeding behaviour of the cows with an increasing time of feeding intervals, from 6am - 6pm to 6pm - 12pm. Daily pattern of rumination was defined by the daily pattern of feeding. The water ingestion varied significantly (P<0.05) as a function of the feeding behavior due to environmental temperature and air humidity, mainly in the cow group.