A cana de açúcar (Saccharum officinarum) é uma das culturas de maior importância socioeconômica no Brasil; seus principais derivados são o açúcar e o álcool (hidratado e anidro), imprescindíveis ao mercado mundial; outros produtos, também originados dessa cultura e que devem ser salientados, são a aguardente, o bagaço, que é utilizado principalmente como fonte de energia, a vinhaça, que serve de fertilizante, o plástico e o papel. O uso da irrigação na cana de açúcar redesenhou a distribuição geográfica do seu cultivo no Brasil, incorporando áreas antes não recomendadas para o plantio e transformando-as em novos pólos de desenvolvimento da cultura e das regiões. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar a interceptação de água pelo dossel da cana de açúcar, para diversas lâminas aplicadas pelo sistema pivô central, em diferentes índices de área foliar e determinar a melhor época para efetuar a interrupção da irrigação na cultura da cana de açúcar com o intuito de melhorar sua qualidade final no processamento, nas condições edafoclimáticas da região norte de Minas Gerais. O experimento foi conduzido no período de junho de 2008 a junho de 2009, em uma fazenda pertencente à usina SADA Bioenergia e Agricultura, localizada na parte empresarial do projeto Jaíba. Nos dois casos utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado na montagem dos experimentos. No estudo de interceptação de lâmina, utilizou-se a variedade RB- 867515, avaliando cinco lâminas aplicadas em três índices de área foliar diferentes. As avaliações sempre ocorreram na metade do raio do pivô central. Através dos resultados obtidos observou-se o quanto é importante considerar-se o volume de água que escorre pelo colmo da planta, pois este foi responsável por 19,92 a 25,4 % da lâmina de água que chega ao solo, dependendo do estádio de desenvolvimento da planta. A interceptação média encontrada para os índices de área foliar de 1,67, 2,69 e 3,5 m m-1 foi de 14,4, 27,63 e 31,72 % respectivamente. No estudo de melhor época de interrupção da irrigação no final do ciclo da cultura, utilizou-se a variedade SP81-3250, interrompendo a irrigação a 40, 30, 20, 15 e 10 dias antes da colheita. Neste estudo, não houve diferença estatística a 5 % de significância pelo teste de Tukey para os principais parâmetros avaliados, com exceção apenas da umidade entre os tratamentos com 10 e 20 dias sem irrigação antes da colheita. | Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) is a crop of great economic importance in Brazil. Its main products are sugar and ethanol (hydrated and anhydrous). Indispensable to the world market, other products that are also originated from this crop and should be emphasized are the spirit (cachaça); the bagasse, which is used mainly as an energy source; vinasse, which serves as fertilizer; plastic and paper. The use of irrigation on sugarcane redesigned the geographical distribution of its cultivation in Brazil, incorporating areas that were not used to grow it before and turning them into new growth poles of the crop and the region. This study aimed to quantify the water interception by the sugarcane canopy, for various water depths with central pivot with different leaf area index and to determine the best time to interrupt the irrigation in sugarcane cultivation in order to improve its final processing quality, in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the northern region of Minas Gerais. The experiment was conducted from June of 2008 to June of 2009 in a farm that belongs to Sada Bioenergia and Agricultura, located at the business area of the Jaíba project. In both cases, the experiments were assembled on the randomized design. In the study of water interception, it was used the variety RB-867515, evaluating five different water depths in three different leaf area index. Evaluations always occurred in half radius of the central pivot. The results showed how important it is to consider the volume of water that runs down the stem of the plant, as it accounted for 19.92 to 25.4 % of the water depth that reaches the ground, depending on the stage development of the plant. The interception average found for leaf area index of 1.67, 2.69 and 3.5 m m-1 was 14.4, 27.63 and 31.72 % respectively. In the study of the best irrigation interrupt time at the end of the crop cycle, it was used the variety SP81-3250, interrupting the irrigation with 40, 30, 20, 15 and 10 days before harvest. In this study there was no statistical difference at 5 % significance level by the Tukey test for the main parameters evaluated, with exception of moisture between the treatments with 10 and 20 days without irrigation before harvest. | Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

La extracción y mantenimiento de ovocitos bovinos es una práctica rutinaria en la reproducción bovina de hoy, buscan mantener las células viables durante un largo periodo de tiempo para poderlas manipular, en algunos casos madurar y realizar fertilizaciones in vitro y demás técnicas que garanticen el éxito de los procesos reproductivos. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la posibilidad de utilizar el agua de coco como base para la elaboración de un medio de conservación alternativo para ovocitos bovinos, probando concentraciones distintas de agua de coco al M₁:31%, M₂:38.8% y M₃:46.5(artículo no publicado) a partir de las citadas preparaciones se evaluó la viabilidad de los ovocitos mediante la tinción de eosina nigrosina al 2%, los ovocitos muertos poseen sus membranas permeables a las tinciones, por tal razón se determina la viabilidad de los ovocitos vivos, teniendo en cuenta el principio que se tiene con los espermatozoides (Agüero, 2012), los cuales se mantuvieron en los tres medios con su respetiva concentración y observados con una diferencia de 10 horas en pruebas pareadas. El medio 2 (M₂) con concentración de agua de coco del 38.8% y el medio 3 (M₃) con concentración de agua de coco de 46.5%, brindaron la mejor recuperación de ovocitos viables después de un periodo de 30 horas en el mantenimiento de las células in vitro, ya que el agua de coco es rica en proteínas, azúcares, vitaminas, sal, lípidos neutros y aminoácidos. Además está dotada de sustancias que pueden inducir la división celular y electrolitos que promueven la supervivencia y viabilidad de gametos masculinos y femeninos. El agua de coco es un buen soporte vital para la conservación de ovocitos bovinos debido a su fácil adquisición es posible utilizarla en la reproducción bovina. | The extraction and maintenance of bovine oocytes is a routine practice in the bovine reproduction of today, they look for to maintain the viable cells during a long period of time to be able to manipulate them, in some cases to mature and to realize in vitro fertilizations and other techniques that guarantee the success of the reproductive processes. In the present work the possibility of using coconut water as a basis for the development of an alternative conservation medium for bovine oocytes was evaluated, testing different concentrations of coconut water at M₁: 31%, M₂: 38.8% and M₃: 46.5 (unpublished article) from the aforementioned preparations the viability of the oocytes was evaluated by staining 2% eosin nigrosin, the dead oocytes have their membranes permeable to the stains, for this reason the viability of the live oocytes is determined , taking into account the principle that we have with sperm (Agüero, 2012), which were maintained in the three media with their respective concentration and observed with a difference of 10 hours in paired tests. Medium 2 (M₂) with coconut water concentration of 38.8% and medium 3 (M₃) with 46.5% coconut water concentration, provided the best recovery of viable oocytes after a period of 30 hours in the maintenance of cells in vitro, since coconut water is rich in proteins, sugars, vitamins, salt, neutral lipids and amino acids. It is also equipped with substances that can induce cell division and electrolytes that promote the survival and viability of male and female gametes. Coconut water is a good life support for the conservation of bovine oocytes due to its easy acquisition it is possible to use it in bovine reproduction. | dalys.benitez@campusucc.edu.co | yeisson.lopezn@campusucc.edu.co

La producción de mandarinas es importante en el área mediterránea donde el uso continuado de agua salina reduce la producción y altera la calidad de los frutos. Árboles de mandarino Clemenules injertados en citrange Carrizo y mandarino Cleopatra, dos de los patrones de cítricos más empleados en la zona, se regaron con dos tratamientos salinos (control y NaCl 30 mM). Se estudió la calidad de los frutos en los dos últimos meses antes de la cosecha. La salinidad disminuyó tanto el número de frutos como el peso medio de los mismos en los árboles de Carrizo mientras que no redujo el peso en los frutos de Cleopatra. Dos meses antes de la cosecha del fruto, los árboles Carrizo de los tratamientos salinos tuvieron frutos con menor peso que los del control, probablemente debido al menor contenido de agua y por tanto al menor porcentaje de zumo. Aunque durante el proceso de maduración del fruto el tratamiento salino produjo diferencias significativas en algunas variables de calidad del fruto (índices de forma y de espesor de corteza), estas diferencias fueron mínimas en el momento de la recolección. Los sólidos solubles totales (TSS) fueron significativamente mayores en frutos de los tratamientos salinos, probablemente debido a una deshidratación pasiva. También pudo producirse una síntesis de azúcares de novo, ya que los frutos de los árboles de Cleopatra del tratamiento salino tuvieron igual contenido de agua pero mayor TSS que los frutos control. El color externo del fruto indicó que el tratamiento salino aceleró el proceso de maduración; sin embargo el índice de madurez mostró que la alta acidez de estos frutos retrasó la maduración interna respecto a los frutos control. | The production of mandarins is important in the Mediterranean area, where the continued use of saline water reduces fruit yield and modifies fruit quality. Grafted trees of Clemenules mandarin scion on Carrizo citrange and Cleopatra mandarin rootstocks, two of the most common citrus rootstocks employed in this area, were irrigated with two saline treatments (control and 30 mM NaCl). The fruit quality was studied through the last two months before the fruit harvest. Salinity reduced both the fruit number and the mean fruit weight on Carrizo trees whereas no fruit weight reduction was observed on Cleopatra. The decrease of fruit weight on Carrizo trees is probably due to the lower water content and consequently the lower juice percentage. Although the saline treatment produced significant differences in some fruit quality variables (shape and thickness indices) throughout the maturation process, they were minimal at the harvest time. Total soluble solids (TSS) were significantly higher in fruits from the saline treatments, probably due to a passive dehydration. It is also possible that de novo synthesis of sugars occurred, since fruits from Cleopatra trees receiving the saline treatment had similar water contents but higher TSS than control fruits. The external fruit colour indicated that the saline treatment accelerated the maturation process; however, the maturity index showed that the high acidity of these fruits delayed the internal maturation with respect to the control fruits.