Projeto: 06.09.06.001.

Esta investigación aborda etnográficamente el problema del agua en la ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán. A partir del presupuesto de que las narrativas de escasez y estrés hídrico que proliferaron en los últimos años se han convertido en un dispositivo que enmascara los procesos de diferenciación al interior de la ciudad, se propone que existe un reparto diferencial que prioriza las necesidades de ciertas zonas de la ciudad en desmedro de otras. Este reparto desigual se relaciona, por una parte, con las dinámicas de crecimiento y transformación del espacio urbano contemporáneos. Asimismo, está asociado a la superposición de lógicas de gestión del agua y proyectos de organización del espacio que, en distintos momentos de la historia, han intentado imponerse en la ciudad.

A report and an updated list with comments on the species of freshwater molluscs of Argentina which covers an area of 2 777 815 km2is presented. Distributions of Gastropoda and Bivalvia families, endemic, exotic, invasive as well as entities of sanitary importance are also studied and recommendations on their conservation are provided. Molluscs related to the Del Plata Basin have been thoroughly studied in comparison to others areas of the country. This fauna exhibits relatively the biggest specific richness and keeps its affinity with the fauna of other regions of the basin in areas of Paraguay and Brasil. The 4 500 records of molluscs considered in this paper arise from the study of the collections of Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires; Museo de La Plata, La Plata and Fundación “Miguel Lillo”, Tucumán. These institutions keep very important collections of molluscs in southern South America. Field information has recently been obtained and localities cited by other authors are also included in the data base. Until today, 166 species have been described, 101 belonging to 10 families of Gastropoda and 65 to 7 of Bivalvia. Families with highest specific richness are Lithoglyphidae (22) and Sphaeriidae (25), respectively. The number of endemic species (those present only in Argentina) by family is: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae (1), Cochliopidae (10), Lithoglyphidae (11), Thiariidae (3), Chilinidae (11), Lymnaeidae (2) and Physidae (2?); Bivalvia: Hyriidae (1?); Etheriidae (1?) and Sphaeriidae (10). Families with a distribution that comprise almost the whole country are: the Sphaeriidae and the gastropods Cochliopidae, Chilinidae and Lymnaeidae. Families Erodonidae and Solecurtidae (Bivalvia) were registered in mixohaline environments from Buenos Aires province. Gastropod families Thiaridae and Glacidorbiidae show a very restricted distribution. The rest of the families are present mainly in the center and north of the country. Species of sanitary interest are the propagators of: schistosomiasis -Biomphalaria peregrina, B. straminea y B. tenagophila, Planorbidae-, fasciolasis -Lymnaea viatrix and L. columnella, Lymnaeidae- and dermatitis -Chilina gibbosa and C. fluminea, Chilinidae. Invasive species are: Corbicula fluminea (Corbiculidae) and Limnoperna fortunei (Mytilidae).The construction of new areas for the protection and conservation of the high risk endemic species of freshwater molluscs is a priority. It is necessary to give special attention to the species of the patagonic mountain range and of the mesopotamic area of the Del Plata Basin. | Se presenta un estado de situación y una lista actualizada y comentada sobre las especies de moluscos de agua dulce de la República Argentina. Se aborda en Gastropoda y Bivalvia la distribución a nivel de familias; las entidades endémicas, exóticas, invasoras y de importancia sanitaria. Los moluscos relacionados a la cuenca del Plata presentan la mayor riqueza específica. Base de datos: 4 500 registros relevados de las tres colecciones más importantes de la Argentina: MLP, MACN y FML. Además, se incluye información de recolecciones actuales y localidades citadas por otros autores. Hasta el presente han sido descritas 166 especies. De ellas 101 pertenecen a 10 familias de Gastropoda y 65 a 7 de Bivalvia. Las familias que presentan mayor riqueza específica son Lithoglyphidae (22) y Sphaeriidae (25), respectivamente. Sphaeriidae, Cochliopidae, Chilinidae y Lymnaeidae se distribuyen prácticamente en todo el país. Erodonidae y Solecurtidae se registran en ambientes mixohalinos de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Thiaridae y Glacidorbiidae presentan una distribución muy restringida. Especies endémicas de la Argentina: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae (1), Cochliopidae (10), Lithoglyphidae (11), Thiariidae (3), Chilinidae (11), Lymnaeidae (2) y Physidae (2?); Bivalvia: Hyriidae (1?); Etheriidae (1?) y Sphaeriidae (10). Especies de interés sanitario: propagadoras de: Esquistosomiasis, Biomphalaria peregrina, B. straminea y B. tenagophila (Planorbidae); Fasciolasis, Lymnaea viatrix y L. columnella (Lymnaeidae); y dermatitis esquistosómicas, Chilina gibbosa y C. fluminea (Chilinidae). Especies de origen asiático: Corbicula fluminea (Corbiculidae) y Limnoperna fortunei (Mytilidae). Es prioritaria la formación de áreas protegidas para la conservación de especies endémicas, especialmente de la Mesopotamia Argentina.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Ambiental

Este es el documento EDIS FE074, una publicación del Department of Food and Resource Economics, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Publicada Noviembre 2002.

Se cultivaron plantas de papa en macetas y se sometieron a potenciales decrecientes suelo/agua (r ) bajo condiciones controladas. Se aplicaron dos tratamientos de intensidad de luz: 1000 y 400 uE/m2s, dos humedades absolutas: 9.30 y 15.40 glm3 durante el día (16 horas), y 9.64 y 11.79 gima en la noche. El potencial de agua del follaje (Ψ) varió con la intensidad de la luz y la humedad del aire y estuvo correlacionado con r. Sin embargo, las plantas provenientes del tratamiento de aire húmedo mostraron una relación entre Ψ y r siguiendo líneas rectas, en tanto que las provenientes de aire seco siguieron curvas hiperbólicas, para ambas intensidades de luz: las últimas tuvieron una tendencia a llegar a los umbrales de los potenciales de agua del follaje correspondientes al cierre de los estomas (Ψ th) con valores de r más altos que cuando estuvieron bajo condiciones de humedad elevada. Las tasas de transpiración (E) resultaron afectadas por la humedad del aire y la intensidad de la luz, y siguieron curvas hiperbólicas cuando se relacionaron con Ψ. Los resultados muestran que se puede aplicar una analogía de la ley de Ohm a las plantas de papa, al menos bajo las condiciones estudiadas. En general, las plantas jóvenes (fase vegetativa) y las maduras (fase de floración; no mostraron diferencias estadísticas significativas para las comparaciones efectuadas; sin embargo, la tasa fotosintética (P) tuvo comportamientos diferentes entre plantas jóvenes y maduras respecto a la conductividad del follaje (Kc), siguiendo curvas hiperbólicas y líneas rectas, respectivamente; por otra parte, P siempre aumentó conforme incrementó K. Hubo fuertes diferencias en el ingreso de CO2 bajo condiciones de una elevada Kc con relación a los dos tratamientos de luz. | Potato plants were grown in pots and subjected to decreasing soil/water potentials (r ) under controlled conditions. Two light intensity treatments were applied: 1000 and 400 uE/m2s, two absolute humidities: 9.30 and 15.40 glm3 during the day (16 hours), and 9.64 and 11.79 gima at night. Foliage water potential (Ψ) varied with light intensity and air humidity and was correlated with r. However, plants from the humid air treatment showed a relationship between Ψ and r following straight lines, whereas those from dry air followed hyperbolic curves, for both light intensities: the latter had a tendency to reach foliage water potential thresholds corresponding to stomata closure (Ψ th) with higher r values than when under high humidity conditions. Transpiration rates (E) were found to be affected by air humidity and light intensity, and followed hyperbolic curves when related to Ψ. The results show that an analogy of Ohm's law can be applied to potato plants, at least under the conditions studied. In general, young (vegetative phase) and mature (flowering phase) plants showed no significant statistical differences for the comparisons made; however, photosynthetic rate (P) behaved differently between young and mature plants with respect to canopy conductance (Kc), following hyperbolic curves and straight lines, respectively; on the other hand, P always increased as K increased. There were strong differences in CO2 influx under high Kc conditions in relation to the two light treatments.

To face the social, ecological and productive vulnerability in the Pampa biome, it is important to unite production and environmental conservation to improve the quality of life of settled families. The general objective of the present study is to analyze, using the Nexus food-waterenergy approach, the reality of the settled families of the agrarian reform in the Pampa biome, covered by the Sustainable Backyards Project, and to evaluate the potential of agroforestry backyards in improving soil quality. This thesis is structured in the form of chapters. In chapter 1, the main strengths and limitations of settlements in the Pampa were evaluated in terms of food, water and energy security. The study covered the 1755 families contemplated by the Sustainable Backyards Project and from the SIGRA database (Integrated Rural Management System of ATES), 27 indicators were selected. In terms of food security, four indicators were present in more than 70% of the families: raising poultry, grain production, raising pigs and cattle for milk production. Family production focuses on animal husbandry, as evidenced by the correlation between poultry and pig farming. In agricultural crops, grain production (78%) and polycultures (37%) stood out. Water security indicators were present in less than 40% and the highest correlation was established between the presence of rivers/streams and springs. In energy security, the highest representation was established between the presence of electrification and single-phase type in more than 98%. The objective of chapter 2 is to evaluate soil quality under different agroforestry backyards in settlements in the municipalities of Júlio de Castilhos (area A) and Piratini (area B). The physical and chemical attributes showed differences between the sampled areas. The areas of agroforestry backyards and crops differed more intensely from the forest in terms of physical attributes related to soil porosity, when considering soil use in general. In similar areas, the physical and chemical variables were sensitive to soil use and management, considering the history of each piece of land. The results generated in this thesis demonstrate that settled families have an intermediate level of food, water and energy security, highlighting the need for research and promotion of public policies to improve the quality of life of families. In addition, the agroforestry backyards promoted improvements in the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the short term, due to the conservationist management practices carried out by the majority of the families, being recommended the accomplishment of studies and monitoring in the long term. | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES | Para enfrentar a vulnerabilidade social, ecológica e produtiva no bioma Pampa, é importante unir produção e conservação ambiental para melhorar a qualidade de vida das famílias assentadas. O objetivo geral do presente estudo é analisar com a abordagem Nexus alimentoágua-energia, a realidade das famílias assentadas da reforma agrária no bioma Pampa, contempladas pelo Projeto Quintais Sustentáveis e avaliar o potencial dos quintais agroflorestais em melhorar a qualidade do solo. A presente tese está estruturada em forma de capítulos. No capítulo 1, foram avaliadas as principais potencialidades e limitações nos assentamentos no Pampa quanto a segurança alimentar, hídrica e energética. O estudo abrangeu as 1755 famílias contempladas pelo Projeto Quintais Sustentáveis e a partir do banco de dados do SIGRA (Sistema Integrado de Gestão Rural da ATES), foram selecionados 27 indicadores. Na segurança alimentar, quatro indicadores estiveram presentes em mais de 70% das famílias: criação de aves, produção de grãos, criação de suínos e bovinos para produção de leite. A produção familiar se concentra na criação animal, evidenciada pela correlação entre a criação de aves e a criação de suínos. Nos cultivos agrícolas, se destacou a produção de grãos (78%) e policultivos (37%). Os indicadores de segurança hídrica estiveram presentes em menos de 40% e a maior correlação se estabeleceu entre a presença de rios/riachos e nascentes. Na segurança energética, a maior representação se estabeleceu entre a presença de eletrificação e tipo monofásico em mais de 98%. O objetivo do capítulo 2, é avaliar a qualidade do solo sob diferentes quintais agroflorestais nos assentamentos nos municípios de Júlio de Castilhos (área A) e Piratini (área B). Os atributos físicos e químicos mostraram diferenças entre as áreas amostradas. As áreas de quintais agroflorestais e lavouras se distinguiram da mata mais intensamente quanto aos atributos físicos relacionados a porosidade do solo, quando considerado o uso do solo de forma geral. Em áreas semelhantes, as variáveis físicas e químicas foram sensíveis ao uso e manejo do solo, considerando o histórico de cada gleba. Os resultados gerados nesta tese, demonstram que as famílias assentadas apresentam um nível intermediário de segurança alimentar, hídrica e energética, evidenciando a necessidade de pesquisas e fomento às políticas públicas para melhorar a qualidade de vida das famílias. Além disso, os quintais agroflorestais promoveram melhorias nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo a curto prazo, devido às práticas de manejo conservacionistas realizadas pela maioria das famílias, sendo recomendável a realização de estudos e monitoramento a longo prazo.