Groundwater resources in Queensland (Australia) have been depleting in many aquifers for the last 100 years and natural recharge processes are not replenishing these resources at the rate of extraction. At the same time, the need to address carbon emissions to reach global climate-change targets is becoming increasingly recognised. Plentiful deep fresh groundwater is available but is difficult, and typically uneconomical, to access due to the high costs of borehole drilling and completion. The emerging concept of ‘enhanced water recovery’ (EWR) hypothesises that carbon dioxide (CO₂) injection into the deep aquifers will increase pressure, making groundwater more easily available at shallower depths across a broad region while simultaneously contributing to a reduction in CO₂ emissions. One example where this has been proposed is in the Great Artesian Basin’s Surat Basin in Queensland. The findings from a series of focus groups held with different stakeholders, including agricultural producers, rural residents, and urban residents, demonstrate how different groups perceived the risks and benefits of injecting CO₂ as part of the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process to raise borehole water levels. The paper discusses the trade-offs that the different stakeholder groups found more acceptable. The significance of this research is that it will be the first to publish public responses to an emerging technology that has the potential to provide multiple benefits in terms of climate-change mitigation and groundwater use.

Tesis de pregrado, diseñada desde la licenciatura de Biología con énfasis en educación ambiental, con el fin de desarrollar el proyecto de investigación, a través de la implementación de una unidad didáctica mediada por el juego que permita la sensibilización sobre el cuidado del agua en la Institución Madre María Berenice de Villa del Rosario Norte de Santander | Undergraduate thesis, designed from the Biology degree with an emphasis on environmental education, in order to develop the research project, through the implementation of a didactic unit mediated by the game that allows awareness about the care of water in the Mother María Berenice Institution of Villa del Rosario North of Santander | Licenciado en Biología con Énfasis en Educación Ambiental | http://www.ustadistancia.edu.co/?page_id=3956 | Pregrado

Los efluentes agroindustriales presentan elevados niveles de contaminantes, los cuales deben removerse antes de su vertido a las cuencas receptoras para prevenir el fenómeno de eutrofización. Es por ello que los países establecen regulaciones ambientales cada vez más exigentes. Actualmente, los procesos tecnológicos para remover contaminantes de los efluentes son muy costosos y requieren un elevado consumo energético, por lo que resulta indispensable el desarrollo de tecnologías más eficientes y sustentables. En este contexto, la ficorremediación se considera una tecnología prometedora. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia de remoción de nitrógeno total (NT), demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), fósforo total (PT) y Escherichia coli, en un efluente avícola, empleando la microalga Scenedesmus obliquus aislada del Embalse Salto Grande. Los ensayos se realizaron en biorreactores tipo columna de burbujeo, a una tasa de dilución del 20%, empleando efluente avícola y la microalga de Scenedesmus obliquus. Los parámetros evaluados a la entrada y salida del proceso fueron NT, DQO, PT y Escherichia coli. Los porcentajes de reducción alcanzados fueron 90,15%; 93,63%; 96,73% y 99,94%, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la efectividad de la ficorremediación en el tratamiento del efluente empleado antes de su descarga a los recursos acuíferos. | Agroindustrial effluents have high levels of contaminants, which must be removed before being discharged into the receiving basins to avoid the phenomenon of eutrophication. That is why countries establish increasingly stringent environmental regulations. Currently, technological processes to remove contaminants from effluents are very expensive and require high energy consumption; therefore, the development of more efficient and sustainable technologies is essential. In this context, phycoremediation is considered a promising technology. The aim of the work was to evaluate the removal efficiency, in poultry effluents, of total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP) and Escherichia coli using Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae isolated from the Reservoir Salto Grande. The assays were carried out in bubble column type bioreactors, at dilution rate of 20%, using poultry effluent and Scenedesmus obliquus microalga. The parameters evaluated at the inlet and at the outlet streams of the process were TN, COD, TP and Escherichia coli. The reduction percentages achieved were 90.15%; 93.63%; 96.73% and 99.94%, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the phytoremediation in the treatment of the effluent used before its discharge in acoustic resources. | Fil: Jimenez Veuthey, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios. Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentacion. Laboratorio de Análisis de Metales En Alimentos y Otros Sustratos.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Los Alimentos de Entre Rios. - Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Los Alimentos de Entre Rios.; Argentina | Fil: Zapata, Luz Marina. Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios. Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentacion. Laboratorio de Análisis de Metales En Alimentos y Otros Sustratos.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina | Fil: Flores, Maria Lujan. Universidad Nacional de Entre Rios. Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentacion. Laboratorio de Análisis de Metales En Alimentos y Otros Sustratos.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Abstract. Introduction: Crustaceans have economic and ecological importance and the role of caridean crustaceans in lentic environments is crucial to maintain the trophic structure. The species Atya scabra is occasionally associated with fisheries, especially in Northeast and Northern Brazil. Objective: To determine the population structure, reproductive period, patterns of growth and distribution of size classes among sexes in a population of the prawn A. scabra in the De Contas River, Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Individuals were sampled in a period of one year by passing sieves through marginal vegetation and using dragnets. In the laboratory, we recorded the sex of the individuals and measured them using a pachymeter with 0.001 mm precision. The dimensions measured were CL (carapace length), TL (total length) and CW (carapace width). In order to analyze data, linear models for the relationships CL × CW were constructed and the type of allometry for each sex was determined. Individuals were grouped into size classes of 5 mm intervals. A chi-square test (χ2) was used to test deviation from the 1:1 sex ratio. The proportion of ovigerous females was registered for each month to determine the breeding period. Results: A total of 517 individuals were collected, 328 were males and 186 females of which 169 were ovigerous. Males showed a polymodal distribution in size classes and were significantly larger than females, which presented a unimodal distribution in size classes. The observed growth patterns demonstrated that both sexes present negative allometry. However, sexual dimorphism was detected when comparing the growth parameters. Ovigerous females were sampled the entire year and size-frequency data demonstrated that recruitment also occurs throughout the year, which allowed us to classify their reproduction as continuous. Conclusions: Our data is essential to draw sustainable fishery management strategies. We suggest a minimum capture size of 70 mm and capture restrictions from May to August. Key words: ecology; freshwater; limnology; conservation; morphometry.

El arsénico y sus compuestos son considerados como cancerígenos para los humanos y en ciertas regiones existe evidencia epidemiológica de alteraciones a la salud ante el consumo prolongado de aguas arsenicales. En el distrito de Quequeña, el agua potable distribuida a la población excede la concentración máxima permisible dada por el Reglamento de la Calidad del Agua para Consumo Humano. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la reducción de arsénico total en el agua potable distribuida en el distrito de Quequeña – Arequipa, utilizando sistemas de tratamiento basados en carbón activado de coronta de maíz blanco (Zea mays l) y cáscaras de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) y finalmente realizar una propuesta de diseño de la planta de tratamiento de agua potable del distrito. En los ensayos realizados se utilizó 03 precursores: cáscara de plátano, coronta de maíz y una mezcla de ambos, se realizó la variación de cantidades de cada precursor en un tratamiento de 1 litro de agua, la concentración inicial de arsénico fue de 0.014 mg/L. De los resultados obtenidos el precursor que realizo una mejor remoción de la concentración de arsénico fue el carbón activado de coronta de maíz, el cual logró reducir un 48.8% la concentración de arsénico en el agua, permitiendo que la calidad de agua potable cumpla con la normativa vigente. A partir de los resultados obtenidos y su análisis mediante regresiones lineales con valor de R > 0.90, se realizó un diseño de la Planta de Tratamiento de Agua potable del Distrito, incluyendo este proceso en su tratamiento y mejorando algunas etapas de la misma, con la finalidad de que cumpla con el Reglamento de Calidad de Agua Potable. | Tesis

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a aceitabilidade do uso de água da chuva por moradores de conjuntos habitacionais de Belém e Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil, e ainda verificar a existência de Sistema de Aproveitamento de Água da Chuva – SAAC, nesses locais. A pesquisa foi realizada com 160 moradores dos conjuntos habitacionais Gleba 1, Jardim Tropical e Residencial Jardim Universitário e a maioria declarou que utilizaria água da chuva em suas residências, destinando-a, principalmente, para usos mais gerais. Apenas 23,1% deles relataram que poderiam utilizar para consumo humano. Em nenhum dos conjuntos estudados havia SAAC para uso coletivo, mas no Jardim Tropical identificou-se em uma residência um SAAC de uso familiar. Considera-se que a boa aceitabilidade dos moradores de condomínios residenciais de Belém e Ananindeua para uso da água da chuva um fator preponderante à implantação de SAAC nestes tipos de empreendimento, tanto para uso familiar quanto coletivo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Água da chuva, Fonte alternativa de água, Região Metropolitana de Belém. | The aim of this study was to investigate the acceptability of rainwater use by residents of housing estates in Belém and Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil, and to verify the existence of Rainwater Utilization System - SAAC, in these locations. The survey was conducted with 160 residents of the Gleba 1, Jardim Tropical and Residential Jardim Universitário housing estates, most of whom stated that they would accept rainwater in their homes, mainly for general use. Only 23.1% them reported that they could use for human consumption. None of the studied sets there are SAAC for collective use, but in the Jardim Tropical, a family-owned SAAC was identified in a residence. Good acceptability for rainwater among residents of residential condominiums in Belém and Ananindeua is considered to be a major factor in the implementation of SAACs in these types of enterprise, both for family and collective use. KEYWORDS: Rainwater, Alternative water source, Belém Metropolitan Region. | El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la aceptabilidad del uso del agua de lluvia por parte de los residentes de las urbanizaciones en Belém y Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil, y verificar la existencia del Sistema de Utilización del Agua de Lluvia - SAAC, en estos lugares. La encuesta se realizó con 160 residentes de las urbanizaciones Gleba 1, Jardim Tropical y Residential Jardim Universitário, quienes declararon que usarían agua de lluvia en sus hogares, principalmente para usos más generales. Solo 23.1% de ellos informaron para consumo humano. Ninguno de los grupos estudiados tenía SAAC para uso colectivo, pero en el Jardín Tropical se identificó un SAAC de propiedad familiar en una residencia. La buena aceptación del uso del agua de lluvia entre los residentes de condominios residenciales en Belém y Ananindeua se considera un factor importante en la implementación de SAAC en este tipo de empresas, tanto para uso familiar como colectivo. PALABRAS CLAVES: Agua de lluvia, Fuente alternativa de agua, Región Metropolitana de Belém.

Construction of a conveyance tunnel through rock often induces the ingress of groundwater into the tunnel, a flow that changes both the hydrogeological regime of the tunnel and its environment. To explore this key interaction, a novel modeling approach using the conduit flow process (CFP) is developed that considers both the hydraulic head and the ingress of water from the rock matrix during excavation. The resulting flow values are predicted through an adapted MODFLOW numerical model into which the tunnel is introduced with the aid of the new CFP approach. The CFP approach can simulate both laminar and turbulent flow in the tunnel whether the flow is free surface or pressurized. Several simulations, including one for which the permeability of the tunnel perimeter is assumed to be identical to the hydraulic conductivity of the surrounding rock matrix, are then used to explore the sensitivity of the predicted head and flow conditions to the permeability of the tunnel perimeter. Comparisons of the numerical results with field data from the Kerman Water Conveyance Tunnel in Iran show that the proposed approach accurately predicts the spatial variation of both groundwater ingress and hydraulic head.

The Ica area of south-eastern Peru has evolved rapidly since the late 1990s into the most advanced agricultural development in the country. The intensive use of waterwells for year-round irrigation, primarily of asparagus, is the basis for an export industry worth about US$ 6,000 M/a, but one which is threatened by serious groundwater sustainability concerns. The public water-resource administration and private agricultural developers are beginning to confront the problem, which has already had a significant social cost, through developing measures to improve the groundwater balance whilst assuring agricultural production. This report presents the long-term evolution of land management and groundwater use in the area, and considers the feasibility of applying an adaptive and integrated water resources management (IWRM) approach to the system, with particular attention to managed aquifer recharge techniques.

This research seeks to identify groundwater recharge and discharge areas in the administrative aquifers of the Ayuquila-Armeria river basin in the states of Jalisco and Colima, Mexico. The Ayuquila-Armeria river basin is one of the 15 most important of the 100 rivers running across the Pacific slope, and is among the 43 most important rivers at the country level. The regional climate is warm-humid in lowlands and subhumid temperate in highlands, with a summer rainy season (June to October) and a dry season the rest of the year. The basin shows a striking relief: from sea level to 4260 m a.s.l. at Nevado de Colima. The identification of these areas was based on a multi-criteria analysis of surface indicators of recharge and discharge areas supported by the flow systems theory (FST). This allows a systemic view of the environment, integrating various elements of nature, in addition to acknowledging groundwater and geological agent that causes a wide variety of processes and manifestations on the surface. The integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) made possible to evaluate the potential recharge/ discharge at the regional level by analyzing physical variables such as lithology, soil, relief, slope, vegetation, precipitation, and a topographic humidity index. In the study area, the territory with high recharge potential ranges from 21% to 80%; the area with low and very low recharge potential, from 4% to 30%. The main potential recharge areas are located in the upper portion of mid-elevation and low mountains covered by pine-oak, oak, and tropical deciduous forests, and grasslands, and to a lesser extent, fir and mountain cloud forests. Soil types include mainly Regosol, Leptosol, Cambisol, Luvisol, Andosol, Umbrisol, and Phaeozem in slopes of 15%-30% covering units of rhyolitic tuff, andesite-basalt, andesite, lahar-pyroclastic rock, granite-granite diorite, and limestone. These areas are located mainly in Sierra de Cacoma-Manantl, Sierra Verde, Sierra de Quila, Sierra de Tapalpa, and the Nevado de Colima volcanic complex. For its part, discharge areas are found mainly in the coastal plains of Jalisco and Colima, associated with Calcisol, Arenosol, Fluvisol, Planosol, Gleysol, Solonchak, and Vertisol soils, and with with halophytic-hydrophytic grassland, bulrush, and mangrove vegetation. These are located in inland-lake areas in San Marcos, Sayula, and Zapotlán. Other discharge areas are the plains and intermontane valleys of Union de Tula and Autlán-El Grullo, as well as the bottom of V-valleys in certain areas of the basin. These can act as natural hydraulic boundaries of flow systems, limiting the amount of groundwater in each zone. The lateral alternation of recharge and discharge areas implies that the water recharged in a particular region may flow to a number of discharge areas, i.e., the water discharged in a given region may come from different regions. The above has important implications in the estimation of the availability estimated from the water balance, since groundwater may flow to more than one discharge area within the same “administrative” aquifer. This type of studies are a first approach providing innovative evidence to the systemic study of groundwater, i.e., the recharge-discharge areas. Their application positively supplements the results of the water balance used in the official evaluation of groundwater availability in Mexico. | Esta investigación busca identificar las zonas de recarga y descarga del agua subterránea en la cuenca del río Ayuquila-Armería en los estados de Jalisco y Colima. La identificación de estas zonas se logró mediante un análisis multicriterio con la teoría de los sistemas de flujo (TSF). Esta teoría permite obtener una visión sistémica del ambiente, integrando diversos elementos de la naturaleza, además de reconocer el agua subterránea como agente geológico causante de una gran variedad de procesos y manifestaciones en la superficie a través de condiciones naturales contrastantes entre la zona de recarga y descarga de agua subterránea. La integración de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) y el Análisis Multicriterio (AMC) permitió identificar los sitios con mayor potencial de recarga y descarga analizando geología, suelo, topoformas, pendiente, vegetación e índice topográfico de humedad (ITH). La superficie con alto potencial de recarga varía de 21% a 80%, mientras que la superficie de descarga, de 4% a 30%. Las principales zonas potenciales de recarga son la sierra de Cacoma-Manantlán, la sierra Verde, la sierra de Quila, la sierra de Tapalpa y el complejo volcánico del Nevado de Colima. Por su parte, las zonas de descarga se encuentran principalmente en las planicies costeras de Jalisco y Colima, así como en una zona de lagos interiores en San Marcos, Sayula y Zapotlán. Otras zonas de descarga las constituyen las planicies y los valles intermontanos de Unión de Tula y Autlán-El Grullo, así como los fondos de valles en V en determinadas zonas de la cuenca.

Injection of silicate grouting materials is widely used to create temporary horizontal layers for reducing inflow of groundwater at construction sites, in regions with shallow water tables. The erosion of a grouting layer was investigated by means of analytical solutions for groundwater flow and transport within a pit after construction finished. Erosion is assumed to occur by dissolution of the temporary injection layer and subsequent advective transport. Thereby, the hydraulic conductivity changes with time. This paper presents novel analytical solutions and approximate solutions for the major fluxes in the construction pit as a function of the domain settings, aquifer gradient and hydraulic conductivity. In addition, the mass flux and the dilution ratio of erosion-related components leaving the construction pit and entering the aquifer are quantified. Derived solutions are verified against numerical simulations. A sensitivity study shows the impact of domain settings on fluxes and dilution ratio. The results confirm that mass flux of grout components increases with ongoing erosion. Thus, its effect on groundwater quality increases with time after construction ceased.