Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo da cultura Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) em função de diferentes tensões da água no solo irrigada por gotejamento. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (tensões de 20; 40; 60 e 100 kPa e Sem Irrigação) e quatro repetições. Realizou-se dois cortes da parte aérea da cultura para quantificação da biomassa e extração do óleo essencial. O 1º corte foi realizado aos dez meses de cultivo e o 2º corte, seis meses após. No primeiro corte em condições irrigadas nos últimos quatro meses, apenas a variável diâmetro da copa não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos avaliados. No 2º corte, apenas as variáveis rendimento de óleo essencial e teor de dilapiol no óleo essencial não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. A Pimenta-de-macaco apresenta tolerância moderada ao déficit hídrico e a faixa de tensão da água no solo para definir o momento de iniciar a irrigação na cultura é de 20 a 60 kPa. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil water tensions on vegetative and productive development for Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) irrigated by drip system. The experimental design of randomized blocks, with five treatments (tensions 20; 40; 60 and 100 kPa and also with no irrigation) and four replications was used. Two harvests were made to quantify biomass and, consequently, essential oil extraction. The first harvest was performed when the culture reached ten months of cultivation and the second harvest after six months. In the first harvest in irrigated conditions in the last four months, only the crown diameter variable showed no significant difference among the treatments evaluated. In the second harvest, only the essential oil yield and dillapiole content in the essential oil were not influenced by the treatments. Pimenta-de-macaco has moderate tolerance to water deficit and the soil water tension recommends to initiate irrigation from 20 to 60 kPa.

Avaliou-se o desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo da cultura Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) em função de diferentes tensões da água no solo irrigada por gotejamento. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (tensões de 20; 40; 60 e 100 kPa e Sem Irrigação) e quatro repetições. Realizou-se dois cortes da parte aérea da cultura para quantificação da biomassa e extração do óleo essencial. O 1º corte foi realizado aos dez meses de cultivo e o 2º corte, seis meses após. No primeiro corte em condições irrigadas nos últimos quatro meses, apenas a variável diâmetro da copa não apresentou diferença significativa entre os tratamentos avaliados. No 2º corte, apenas as variáveis rendimento de óleo essencial e teor de dilapiol no óleo essencial não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. A Pimenta-de-macaco apresenta tolerância moderada ao déficit hídrico e a faixa de tensão da água no solo para definir o momento de iniciar a irrigação na cultura é de 20 a 60 kPa. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil water tensions on vegetative and productive development for Pimenta-de-macaco (Piper aduncum) irrigated by drip system. The experimental design of randomized blocks, with five treatments (tensions 20; 40; 60 and 100 kPa and also with no irrigation) and four replications was used. Two harvests were made to quantify biomass and, consequently, essential oil extraction. The first harvest was performed when the culture reached ten months of cultivation and the second harvest after six months. In the first harvest in irrigated conditions in the last four months, only the crown diameter variable showed no significant difference among the treatments evaluated. In the second harvest, only the essential oil yield and dillapiole content in the essential oil were not influenced by the treatments. Pimenta-de-macaco has moderate tolerance to water deficit and the soil water tension recommends to initiate irrigation from 20 to 60 kPa.

Justificación: Foeniculum vulgare Mill es una planta aromática que se caracteriza por producir un aceite esencial al cual se le han atribuido actividades antibacteriales, antifúngicas, antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias, ansiolíticas, gastroprotectoras, estrogénicas, cardiovasculares, antidiabéticas, anticancerígenas, hepatoprotectoras y para la mejora de la memoria. Objetivo: Determinar el rendimiento del aceite esencial en peciolos de F. vulgare cuando se establecen siembras a libre exposición y bajo cubierta, con tres porcentajes de contenido relativo de agua. Métodos: En campo las plantas fueron dispuestas en un arreglo de dos tratamientos, cada tratamiento en un área efectiva de 9.37m2 y constituido por dos repeticiones, con el fin de evaluar el comportamiento morfológico de la planta en dos establecimientos de siembra (T1 libre exposición y T2 bajo cubierta). En laboratorio se tuvo en cuenta tres contenidos relativos de agua en los peciolos por cada tratamiento, T1 al 50%, T1 al 38%, T1 al 23% y T2 al 50%, T2 al 38% Y T2 al 23%. Las variables evaluadas en campo fueron altura, número de hojas, diámetro roseta, longitud de peciolos parte distal, número de tallos florales y número de umbelas; mientras que en laboratorio se evaluó el diámetro de la parte distal, media y apical de los peciolos en diferentes contenidos relativos de agua, y el rendimiento de aceite esencial extraído por hidrodestilación. Resultados-Conclusiones: En campo el T2 presentó una mayor respuesta en las variables evaluadas, a excepción del número de hojas, número de tallos florales y número de umbelas por planta, en donde no hubo diferencias entre los tratamientos. En laboratorio, para las variables diámetro de peciolos no hubo efecto de los tratamientos, pero si entre los contenidos relativos de agua; finalmente, el mayor rendimiento de aceite esencial se obtuvo en el T2, con un máximo rendimiento de T2 al 23% de 0.03% de aceite esencial. Palabras Claves: Aceites esenciales, Temperatura, Contenido relativo de agua, Biomasa, Comportamiento morfológico. | Justification: Foeniculum vulgare Mill is an aromatic plant characterized by producing an essential oil to which antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, gastroprotective, estrogenic, cardiovascular, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and memory-enhancing activities have been attributed. Objective: To determine the yield of essential oil in petioles of F. vulgare when established in free exposure and under cover, with three percentages of relative water content. Methods: In the field, the plants were arranged in an arrangement of two treatments, each treatment in an effective area of 9.37 m2 and consisting of two replicates, in order to evaluate the morphological behavior of the plant in two planting establishments (T1 free exposure and T2 under cover). In the laboratory, three relative water contents in the petioles were taken into account for each treatment: T1 at 50%, T1 at 38%, T1 at 23% and T2 at 50%, T2 at 38% and T2 at 23%. The variables evaluated in the field were height, number of leaves, rosette diameter, length of petioles distal part, number of floral stems and number of umbels; while in the laboratory, the diameter of the distal, middle and apical part of petioles was evaluated at different relative water contents, and the yield of essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation. Results-Conclusions: In the field, T2 presented a greater response in the variables evaluated, with the exception of the number of leaves, number of flower stalks and number of umbels per plant, where there were no differences between treatments. In the laboratory, for the petiole diameter variables there was no effect of the treatments, but there was an effect between the relative water contents; finally, the highest yield of essential oil was obtained in T2, with a maximum yield of T2 at 23% of 0.03% of essential oil. | Incluye bibliografía | Pregrado | Ingeniero(a) Agrónomo | Ingeniería Agronómica

Amylostereum areolatum and A. chailletii are fungal symbionts of wood-boring wasp Sirex noctilio and Urocerus gigas, respectively. Pinus species are susceptible to the S. noctilio - A. areolatum pathosystem, and in Patagonia, Argentina, it was found that the felled wood of Pseudotsuga menziesii can be attacked by U. gigas and its symbiont. This study evaluated the relationship of A. areolatum, A. chailletii and water potential (ψ0), the primary defense of Pinus ponderosa and P. menziesii, and endophytic mycobiota associated to the wood of both conifers. The different ψ0 were generated by variations in the osmotic potential; constitutive oleoresins of the bark and sapwood of both softwoods were extracted and characterized by GC and GC-MS and the effect of differential and majority compounds on growth of both fungi were assessed; the mycobiota was analyzed from isolates of the sapwood of healthy plants. It was observed that the growth of both fungi is significantly affected by the decrease of ψ0 and that A. chailletii grew faster than A. areolatum under lower ψ0. Oleoresins had a negative effect on the growth of both fungi with no differences between conifers. Hormonema dematioides was the most common endophyte on P. menziesii; this fungus is characterized by its influence on the growth of other fungi and appears as a variable to be considered in setting of S. noctilio - A. areolatum pathosystem. | Amylostereum areolatum y A. chailletii son los simbiontes fúngicos de las avispas barrenadoras de la madera Sirex noctilio y Urocerus gigas, respectivamente. Las especies de Pinus, son susceptibles al ataque del patosistema S. noctilio - A. areolatum, no obstante en Patagonia, se ha observado que la madera apeada de Pseudotsuga menziesii puede ser atacada por U. gigas y su simbionte. En este estudio se evaluó la relación de A. areolatum, A. chailletii y el potencial agua (ψ0), la defensa primaria de Pinus ponderosa y Pseudotsuga menziesii, y la micobiota endofítica asociada a ambas coníferas. Los ψ0 se generaron por variación del potencial osmótico; se extrajeron y caracterizaron por GC y GC-MS los aceites esenciales de las oleorresinas constitutivas de la corteza y la albura de ambas coníferas y se evaluó el efecto de compuestos diferenciales y mayoritarios sobre el crecimiento de ambos hongos; la micobiota se analizó a partir de aislamientos de la albura de plantas sanas. Se observó que, el crecimiento de ambos hongos se ve significativamente afectado por el decrecimiento del ψ0 y que A. chailletii creció más que A. areolatum en ψ0 más bajos. Las oleorresinas tuvieron un efecto negativo sobre el crecimiento de ambos hongos sin observarse diferencias entre compuestos diferenciales de cada conífera. Hormonema dematioides fue el endófito más frecuente en P. menziesii, ya caracterizado por su influencia sobre el crecimiento de otros hongos, se presenta como una variable a considerar en cuanto al establecimiento del patosistema S. noctilio- A. areolatum.