This work is and assessment of the impact or repercussion that the retaining drainwater curtains built with the technical of the ferrocement done by researachers of the Centro Interdiciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo integral Regional depended to the Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CIIDIR-IPN ) Oaxaca, in 1993 had in two communities of Valle de Etla, Oaxaca. The design was developed by researchers of the CIIDIR and the construction was made by the farmers interested in getting water. In addition they cooperated with materials available in the region. The state gobernmment financed the industrialized maerials. After 5 years of the construction, and evaluation of athe impacat of this project was made. The methodology was self evalulation approach based on local groups perception on the changing of behaviours and atitudes through a participatory workshop, where reflection focused on: economic, political, social and cultural changes in the daily life of the group. In order to identify the change within the familiar unites networks technique was used. | Se refiere brevemente a la evaluación del impacto o repercusión que tuvieron las pantallas retenedoras de agua de lluvia, construidas con la técnica del ferrocemento por personal del Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, dependiente del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Oaxaca), México, en dos comunidades del Valle de Etla, Oaxaca, en el año de 1993. El diseño estuvo a cargo de investigadores de este Centro y la construcción o mano de obra fue realizada por partea de los usuarios, quienes ademas cooperaron con mamteriales de la región y gestinaron ante el gobierno del Estado de Oaxaca, el apoyo económico para la compra de materiales industrializados. Pasados 5 años de su construccion, se realizó una evaluación del impacto de este proyecto, empleando como metodología la autoevaluación "in situ" a través de un taller participativo, en donde se reflexionó sobre los cambios: económicos, políticos, sociales y culturales de la vida coatidiana del grupo. Para identificar el cambio dentro de las unidades familiares, se empleó la tecnica de redes.

Se refiere brevemente a la evaluacion del impacto o repercusion que tuvieron las pantallas retenedoras de agua de lluvia, construidas con la tecnica del ferrocemento por personal del Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigacion para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, dependiente del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Oaxaca), Mexico, en dos comunidades del Valle de Etla, Oaxaca, en el ano de 1993. El diseno estuvo a cargo de investigadores de este Centro y la construccion o mano de obra fue realizada por partea de los usuarios, quienes ademas cooperaron con mamteriales de la region y gestinaron ante el gobierno del Estado de Oaxaca, el apoyo economico para la compra de materiales industrializados. Pasados 5 anos de su construccion, se realizo una evaluacion del impacto de este proyecto, empleando como metodologia la autoevaluacion "in situ" a traves de un taller participativo, en donde se reflexiono sobre los cambios: economicos, politicos, sociales y culturales de la vida coatidiana del grupo. Para identificar el cambio dentro de las unidades familiares, se empleo la tecnica de redes. | This work is and assessment of the impact or repercussion that the retaining drainwater curtains built with the technical of the ferrocement done by researachers of the Centro Interdiciplinario de Investigacion para el Desarrollo integral Regional depended to the Instituto Politecnico Nacional (CIIDIR-IPN ) Oaxaca, in 1993 had in two communities of Valle de Etla, Oaxaca. The design was developed by researchers of the CIIDIR and the construction was made by the farmers interested in getting water. In addition they cooperated with materials available in the region. The state gobernmment financed the industrialized maerials. After 5 years of the construction, and evaluation of athe impacat of this project was made. The methodology was self evalulation approach based on local groups perception on the changing of behaviours and atitudes through a participatory workshop, where reflection focused on: economic, political, social and cultural changes in the daily life of the group. In order to identify the change within the familiar unites networks technique was used.

The water resources of the 32 atolls of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) are under continual threat from El Niño-induced droughts and other natural hazards. With government policies emphasizing sustainable development of atoll-island communities, local managers are in need of tools for predicting changes in the availability of fresh groundwater, which communities depend upon during droughts that incapacitate rain-catchment systems. An application of a recently developed, readily portable algebraic model is demonstrated here, to estimate the freshwater-lens thickness of atoll islands in the FSM, a key component of FSM groundwater resource assessment. Specifically, the model provides estimates of the lens thickness of atoll islands in the FSM during normal and drought conditions. The model was tested for use in the FSM through comparison with available lens data under both average rainfall conditions and intense drought conditions, and then applied to major islands of each atoll within the FSM. Results indicate that out of 105 major islands on FSM atolls, only six would likely retain sufficient groundwater to sustain the local community during an intense drought.

Groundwater drought denotes the condition and hazard during a prolonged meteorological drought when groundwater resources decline and become unavailable or inaccessible for human use. Groundwater drought risk refers to the combined physical risk and human vulnerability associated with diminished groundwater availability and access during drought. An integrated management support tool, GRiMMS, is presented, for the mapping and assessment of relative groundwater drought risk in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Based on composite mapping analysis of region-wide gridded relative indices of meteorological drought risk, hydrogeological drought proneness and human groundwater drought vulnerability, the mapping results highlight consistent areas across the region with highest groundwater drought risk and populations in the order of 39 million at risk of groundwater drought at present. Projective climate-model results suggest a potentially significant negative impact of climate change on groundwater drought risk. The tool provides a means for further attention to the key, but neglected, role of groundwater in drought management in Africa.