IPAF NOA | Fil: Garcia, Jose Antonio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Agricultura Familiar Región NOA; Argentina

A fin de cuantificar las perdidas del suelo y la escorrentia superficial en una siembra tradicional de maiz y caraota, y determinar la eficiencia del uso de barreras vivas y barreras muertas como practicas agronomicas de conservacion de suelos, se instalo un ensayo sobre un suelo Typic haplustults, en la parcela experimental de FUSAGRI, en el Sector Ojo de Agua; Hoya de Curimagua; Estado Falcon. Se establecieron 16 parcelas de erosion de 10 m. de largo por 2 m. de ancho colocadas en sentido de la pendiente. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron siguiendo un diseno de bloques al azar con cuatro tratamientos (siembra tradicional con barreras vivas, siembra tradicional con barreras muertas, siembra tradicional y suelo desnudo) y cuatro repeticiones. Las observaciones se realizaron semanalmente desde la siembra hasta 39 dias despues de cosecha, midiendose las perdidas de suelo y el escurrimiento. Los sedimentos fueron analizados para determinar perdidas de nutrimentos y particulas de suelo predominantes. Paralelamente se estimaron las perdidas de suelo a traves de la Ecuacion Universal de la Perdida de Suelo (USLE). Realizado el analisis estadistico se reflejan diferencias significativas en perdidas de suelo, con valores de 0.012; 2.81; 5.03 y 7.79 Mg/ha para barreras muertas, barreras vivas, siembra tradicional y suelo desnudo respectivamente. Las perdidas de nutrimentos dieron diferencias significativas. Para el periodo del ensayo, la erosividad de la lluvia fue de 1.747,2 Mj/ha-mm*hr; la erosionabilidad del suelo de 0,00106 Mg/ha + Mj/ha/mm*hr consideradas como moderadamente baja y baja respectivamente. Concluyendo que los factores topografia y cobertura vegetal son los determinantes en el proceso erosivo de los suelos.

Understanding the response of groundwater levels in alluvial and sedimentary basin aquifers to climatic variability and human water-resource developments is a key step in many hydrogeological investigations. This study presents an analysis of groundwater response to climate variability from 2000 to 2012 in the Queensland part of the sedimentary Clarence-Moreton Basin, Australia. It contributes to the baseline hydrogeological understanding by identifying the primary groundwater flow pattern, water-level response to climate extremes, and the resulting dynamics of surface-water/groundwater interaction. Groundwater-level measurements from thousands of bores over several decades were analysed using Kriging and nonparametric trend analysis, together with a newly developed three-dimensional geological model. Groundwater-level contours suggest that groundwater flow in the shallow aquifers shows local variations in the close vicinity of streams, notwithstanding general conformance with topographic relief. The trend analysis reveals that climate variability can be quickly reflected in the shallow aquifers of the Clarence-Moreton Basin although the alluvial aquifers have a quicker rainfall response than the sedimentary bedrock formations. The Lockyer Valley alluvium represents the most sensitively responding alluvium in the area, with the highest declining (−0.7 m/year) and ascending (2.1 m/year) Sen’s slope rates during and after the drought period, respectively. Different surface-water/groundwater interaction characteristics were observed in different catchments by studying groundwater-level fluctuations along hydrogeologic cross-sections. The findings of this study lay a foundation for future water-resource management in the study area.

Atendiendo a los objetivos del Plan Maestro de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá de garantizar la disponibilidad del recurso hídrico en Bogotá y los municipios de la región, la empresa Acueducto otorga la licitación al consorcio Sistemas de Bombeo 2019 El vínculo para realizar el proyecto de construcción de una red matriz de distribución de agua potable para la población ubicada en la comuna sexta, la cual beneficiará alrededor de 26 barrios. La tubería de conducción se encarga de dirigir el suministro de agua hasta la estación de bombeo, en este informe de pasantía se muestra detalladamente el proceso constructivo y los alcances de ejecución en la línea de conducción que se realizaron mediante el seguimiento topográfico, recopilando la información en campo y plasmándola en software especializados para generar la cartografía final de la tubería instalada. La línea de conducción se conectará desde la red matriz San Carlos hasta la estación de bombeo la cual tiene una longitud de cuatrocientos veinte metros (420 metros) totales de instalación. Por factibilidad y evolución del proceso constructivo se da inicio a las actividades en el k0+034.6 con tubería de 10” en hierro dúctil, cumpliendo todos los parámetros necesarios para dar inicio a las actividades y realizando el debido registro topográfico, como se respalda en las carteras de campo y planos entregados en el siguiente documento. La tubería de conducción es ejecutada en un porcentaje del 80% durante el seguimiento topográfico realizado en este informe, debido al tiempo de ejecución efectuado por el consorcio sistemas de bombeo 2019. | In accordance with the objectives of the Master Plan for Aqueduct and Sewerage in Bogotá from data on the availability of water resources in Bogotá and the municipalities of the region, the company Acueducto awards the tender to the Consorcio Sistemas de Bombeo 2019 The link to carry out the project of construction of a red drinking water distribution network for the population located in the sixth community, which will benefit around 26 neighborhoods. The pipeline is in charge of directing the water supply to the pumping station, this internship report specifically shows the construction process and the scopes of execution in the pipeline that are executed through topographic monitoring, collecting information in the field and plasma in specialized software to generate the final cartography of the installed installation. The conduction line will be connected from the San Carlos red matrix to the pumping station which has a total length of four hundred twenty meters (420 meters) of installation. Due to the feasibility and evolution of the construction process, activities begin at k0 + 034.6 with a 10 ”ductile iron pipe, complying with all the parameters necessary for the start of activities and the development of the topographic record, as supported by the field portfolios and plans delivered in the following document. The conduction pipeline is executed in a percentage of 80% during the topographic monitoring carried out in this report, due to the execution time carried out by the 2019 pumping systems consortium. | Consorcio Sistemas De Bombeo 2019

Groundwater in the US state of Alaska is critical to both humans and ecosystems. Interactions among physiography, ecology, geology, and current and past climate have largely determined the location and properties of aquifers as well as the timing and magnitude of fluxes to, from, and within the groundwater system. The climate ranges from maritime in the southern portion of the state to continental in the Interior, and arctic on the North Slope. During the Quaternary period, topography and rock type have combined with glacial and periglacial processes to develop the unconsolidated alluvial aquifers of Alaska and have resulted in highly heterogeneous hydrofacies. In addition, the long persistence of frozen ground, whether seasonal or permanent, greatly affects the distribution of aquifer recharge and discharge. Because of high runoff, a high proportion of groundwater use, and highly variable permeability controlled in part by permafrost and seasonally frozen ground, understanding groundwater/surface-water interactions and the effects of climate change is critical for understanding groundwater availability and the movement of natural and anthropogenic contaminants.

This study aims to assess the sensitivity of river level estimations to the stream–aquifer exchanges within a hydrogeological model of the Upper Rhine alluvial aquifer (France/Germany), characterized as a large shallow aquifer with numerous hydropower dams. Two specific points are addressed: errors associated with digital elevation models (DEMs) and errors associated with the estimation of river level. The fine-resolution raw Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission dataset is used to assess the impact of the DEM uncertainties. Specific corrections are used to overcome these uncertainties: a simple moving average is applied to the topography along the rivers and additional data are used along the Rhine River to account for the numerous dams. Then, the impact of the river-level temporal variations is assessed through two different methods based on observed rating curves and on the Manning formula. Results are evaluated against observation data from 37 river-level points located over the aquifer, 190 piezometers, and a spatial database of wetlands. DEM uncertainties affect the spatial variability of the stream–aquifer exchanges by inducing strong noise and unrealistic peaks. The corrected DEM reduces the biases between observations and simulations by 22 and 51% for the river levels and the river discharges, respectively. It also improves the agreement between simulated groundwater overflows and observed wetlands. Introducing river-level time variability increases the stream–aquifer exchange range and reduces the piezometric head variability. These results confirm the need to better assess river levels in regional hydrogeological modeling, especially for applications in which stream–aquifer exchanges are important.

Application of the gravity-driven regional groundwater flow (GDRGF) concept to the hydrogeologically complex thick carbonate system of the Transdanubian Range (TR), Hungary, is justified based on the principle of hydraulic continuity. The GDRGF concept informs about basin hydraulics and groundwater as a geologic agent. It became obvious that the effect of heterogeneity and anisotropy on the flow pattern could be derived from hydraulic reactions of the aquifer system. The topography and heat as driving forces were examined by numerical simulations of flow and heat transport. Evaluation of groups of springs, in terms of related discharge phenomena and regional chloride distribution, reveals the dominance of topography-driven flow when considering flow and related chemical and temperature patterns. Moreover, heat accumulation beneath the confined part of the system also influences these patterns. The presence of cold, lukewarm and thermal springs and related wetlands, creeks, mineral precipitates, and epigenic and hypogenic caves validates the existence of GDRGF in the system. Vice versa, groups of springs reflect rock–water interaction and advective heat transport and inform about basin hydraulics. Based on these findings, a generalized conceptual GDRGF model is proposed for an unconfined and confined carbonate region. An interface was revealed close to the margin of the unconfined and confined carbonates, determined by the GDRGF and freshwater and basinal fluids involved. The application of this model provides a background to interpret manifestations of flowing groundwater in thick carbonates generally, including porosity enlargement and hydrocarbon and heat accumulation.

Relict rock glaciers are complex hydrogeological systems that might act as relevant groundwater storages; therefore, the discharge behavior of these alpine landforms needs to be better understood. Hydrogeological and geophysical investigations at a relict rock glacier in the Niedere Tauern Range (Austria) reveal a slow and fast flow component that appear to be related to the heterogeneous structure of the aquifer. A numerical groundwater flow model was used to indicate the influence of important internal structures such as layering, preferential flow paths and aquifer-base topography. Discharge dynamics can be reproduced reasonably by both introducing layers of strongly different hydraulic conductivities or by a network of highly conductive channels within a low-conductivity zone. Moreover, the topography of the aquifer base influences the discharge dynamics, which can be observed particularly in simply structured aquifers. Hydraulic conductivity differences of three orders of magnitude are required to account for the observed discharge behavior: a highly conductive layer and/or channel network controlling the fast and flashy spring responses to recharge events, as opposed to less conductive sediment accumulations sustaining the long-term base flow. The results show that the hydraulic behavior of this relict rock glacier and likely that of others can be adequately represented by two aquifer components. However, the attempt to characterize the two components by inverse modeling results in ambiguity of internal structures when solely discharge data are available.