为了调查市售核桃油中氯丙醇酯、缩水甘油酯（GEs）以及邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂（PAEs）等污染物的污染水平和来源，对30个市售核桃油样品中3-氯-1，2-丙二醇酯（3-MCPDE）、2-氯-1，3-丙二醇酯（2-MCPDE）、GEs以及18种PAEs含量进行测定，并进行膳食暴露评估，同时，通过测定核桃油精炼过程中这些污染物的含量变化分析其来源。结果表明：30个市售核桃油样品中有22个样品检出氯丙醇酯或GEs，28个样品检出PAEs；3-MCPDE含量范围为未检出~1 259.86 μg/kg，检出率为70.00%，平均值为414.34 μg/kg，中位数为37276 μg/kg；2-MCPDE含量范围为未检出~717.82 μg/kg，检出率为6.67%；GEs含量范围为未检出~803.64 μg/kg，检出率为3.33%；PAEs中邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）含量范围为未检出~3.39 mg/kg，平均值为056 mg/kg，中位数为0.47 mg/kg，超标率为56.7%，邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP)含量范围为未检出~11.64 mg/kg，平均值为1.53 mg/kg，中位数为0.60 mg/kg；超标率为30.0%，邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)含量范围为未检出~6.10 mg/kg，无超标情况。膳食暴露评估结果表明，目前市售核桃油中3-MCPDE、DBP、DEHP的含量均处于安全水平，引起健康危害的风险较低。通过对核桃原油及精炼过程中核桃油的氯丙醇酯、GEs以及PAEs含量检测分析发现，PAEs主要来源于制油过程的外源迁移，氯丙醇酯以及GEs是精炼过程中的产物。随着脱臭温度的提高，PAEs含量降低，而氯丙醇酯以及GEs含量却急剧升高，说明精炼工艺与这些污染物的水平密切相关。综上，在核桃油生产中需要严格把控核桃原料的质量，同时改进和优化精炼工艺，以控制核桃油中氯丙醇酯、GEs以PAEs等污染物水平，提高核桃油品质。In order to investigate the pollution level and source of chloropropanol esters, glycidyl esters (GEs) and phthalates (PAEs) in commercial walnut oil, the contents of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol ester (3-MCPDE), 2-chloro-1,3-propanediol ester (2-MCPDE), GEs and 18 PAEs in 30 batches of commercial walnut oil were analyzed and detected, and dietary exposure assessment was performed. The sources of these pollutants were analyzed by measuring the changes in the contents of these pollutants during the refining process. The results showed that among 30 commercial walnut oils, chloropropanol esters or GEs were detected in 22 samples, and PAEs were detected in 28 samples. The range of 3-MCPDE content in commercial walnut oil was from undetected to 1 259.86 μg/kg, with an detection rate of 70.00%, an average of 414.34 μg/kg and a median of 372.76 μg/kg. The content of 2-MCPDE ranged from undetected to 717.82 μg/kg, with an detection rate of 6.67%. The content range of GEs was from undetected to 803.64 μg/kg, with an detection rate of 3.33%. The content of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in PAEs ranged from undetected to 3.39 mg/kg, with an average of 0.56 mg/kg, a median of 0.47 mg/kg, and an exceeding rate of 56.7%. The content of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) ranged from undetected to 11.64 mg/kg, with an average of 1.53 mg/kg, a median of 0.60 mg/kg, and an exceeding rate of 30.0%. The content range of diisononyl phthalate (DINP) was from undetected to 6.10 mg/kg, and there was no exceeding standard. The results of dietary exposure assessment showed that the contents of 3-MCPDE, DBP and DEHP in commercial walnut oil were at a safe level, and the risk of health hazards was low. Through the detection and analysis of the content of chloropropanol esters, GEs and PAEs in crude walnut oil and refined oil in different refining stage, it was found that PAEs were mainly derived from the exogenous migration of the oil production process. In contrast, chloropropanol esters and GEs were products in the refining process. With the increase of deodorization temperature, the content of PAEs decreased, while the content of chloropropanol esters and GEs increased sharply. The refining process was closely related to the level of these pollutants. To sum up, it is necessary to strictly control the quality of walnut raw materials, improve and optimize the refining process, so as to control the levels of chloropropanol esters, GEs and PAEs, and improve the quality of walnut oil.

为降低泰安市居民黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)的膳食摄入风险，指导消费者购买安全食品提供依据，随机采集2021年泰安市各县市区内小麦粉、大米、谷物加工品、玉米粉、玉米油、花生油、坚果炒货等粮油食品共计553份，采用高效液相色谱-柱后衍生法对其AFB1含量进行检测，并采用暴露限值（MOE）法和数学模型法对不同种类、不同来源、不同地区、不同人群粮油食品AFB1膳食暴露水平进行评估。结果表明：泰安市粮油食品中AFB1总检出率分别为2.53%，平均含量为0.73 μg/kg，总不合格率为0.72%；高新区、新泰市、宁阳县3个县市区小作坊、小食杂店，餐饮店，小型超市购进的花生油与玉米粉中AFB1检出率较高；泰安市粮油食品AFB1暴露量为3.90 ng/（kg·d），MOE为103，AFB1致肝癌发病风险为0.084 2 例/（10万人·年）；玉米粉、小麦粉、花生油中AFB1膳食暴露风险较高，高新区、新泰市、宁阳县3个县市区小作坊、小食杂店，餐饮店粮油食品中AFB1膳食暴露风险较高；不同人群粮油食品中AFB1膳食暴露风险差别不大。综上，泰安市粮油食品中AFB1膳食暴露风险较高，仍需持续关注，有关部门应加强监管力度。 To reduce the dietary intake risk of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Tai′an and provide a basis for guiding consumers to purchase safe food, a total of 553 samples of wheat flour, rice, processed cereals, corn flour, corn oil, peanut oil, and roasted nuts were randomly collected from various administrative areas of Tai′an in 2021, and the content of AFB1 was accurately detected by high performance liquid chromatography-post-column derivation method. The dietary exposure levels of AFB1 in different types, sources, regions and populations of grain and oil product were evaluated using the exposure limit method(MOE) and mathematical modeling method. The results showed that the total detection rate of AFB1 was 2.53%, the average content was 0.73 μg/kg, and the total unqualified rate was 0.72%. The detection rates of AFB1 in the peanut oil and the corn flour purchased by small workshops, small grocery stores, restaurants and small supermarkets in High-tech District, Xintai city and Ningyang county were higher. The exposure amount of AFB1 in grain and oil product in Tai′an was 3.90 ng/ (kg·d), the MOE was 103, and the risk of liver cancer caused by AFB1 was 0.084 2cases/(100 000 people-years). The dietary exposure risk of AFB1 in corn flour, wheat flour and peanut oil was high, and as well as the grain and oil product from the small workshops, small grocery stores, restaurants of High-tech district, Xintai city, Ningyang county. The dietary exposure risk of AFB1 in different populations had no obvious differences. In conclusion, the dietary exposure risk of AFB1 in grain and oil product in Tai′an is high, and still needs continuous attention and supervision by the relevant authorities.

对广西玉林市居民通过小作坊花生油摄入黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)进行膳食暴露及风险评估，并提出要求。按不同区域，不同性别，城市、农村，年龄/城乡/性别进行分组，结合广西居民膳食B模式数据，采用点评估模型计算暴露量，采用BMDL10为400 ng/(kg·d)计算暴露限值（MOE）。结果发现，广西玉林市小作坊花生油AFB1检出率为59%，超标率为18.6%，含量范围为0.05～243.00 μg/kg，平均含量为16.91 μg/kg,极显著高于预包装花生油的平均含量（P＜0.01）。全市小作坊花生油的AFB1平均暴露量为7.76 ng/(kg·d)，MOE为52，各组平均日膳食暴露MOE均介于200～25之间。以各组MOE进行AFB1暴露风险评估，发现6个县市区域中XY（MOE 27）、BL（MOE 37）风险最高，农村（MOE 46）风险高于城市（MOE 73），女性（MOE 49）风险高于男性（MOE 55），6～11岁人群（MOE 41～25）风险＞12～14岁人群风险（MOE 70～37）＞15岁以上人群风险（MOE 85～44）。广西玉林市居民通过小作坊花生油摄入AFB1潜在健康风险较高，应该引起较高的公共卫生关注度。 The dietary exposure and risk of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in peanut oil of small workshops in Yulin City, Guangxi Province was assessed and some requirements were put forward. According to regions, genders, urban and rural and ages/urban and rural/genders were divided into groups. Combined with the B dietary pattern data of Guangxi residents, the exposure amount in the Point Estimate Model and the MOE by BMDL10 400 ng/(kg·d) were calculated. The results showed that the detection rate of AFB1 in peanut oil of small workshops in Yulin, Guangxi was 59% and the exceeding standard rate was 18.6%. The content range of AFB1 was between 0.05 μg/kg to 243.00 μg/kg. The average content was 16.91 μg/kg, which was significantly higher than that of the packaging peanut oil (P<0.01).The average exposure amount of AFB1 in the peanut oil of small workshops in the city was 7.76 ng/(kg·d) and the MOE was 52. The average daily dietary exposure MOE of each group was between 200 to 25. According to the MOE of each group, it was found that the risk of XY (MOE 27) and BL (MOE 37) in six counties and cities were the highest; villages (MOE 46) > cities (MOE 73); women (MOE 49) > men (MOE 55); the residents at the age between 6 and 11 (MOE 41-25) > the residents at the age between 12 and 14 (MOE 70-37) > the residents over the age of 15 (MOE 85-44). There was potentially high health risk for the intake of AFB1 from the peanut oil of small workshops in the city. It should attract the great public health attention.