对广西玉林市居民通过小作坊花生油摄入黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)进行膳食暴露及风险评估，并提出要求。按不同区域，不同性别，城市、农村，年龄/城乡/性别进行分组，结合广西居民膳食B模式数据，采用点评估模型计算暴露量，采用BMDL10为400 ng/(kg·d)计算暴露限值（MOE）。结果发现，广西玉林市小作坊花生油AFB1检出率为59%，超标率为18.6%，含量范围为0.05～243.00 μg/kg，平均含量为16.91 μg/kg,极显著高于预包装花生油的平均含量（P＜0.01）。全市小作坊花生油的AFB1平均暴露量为7.76 ng/(kg·d)，MOE为52，各组平均日膳食暴露MOE均介于200～25之间。以各组MOE进行AFB1暴露风险评估，发现6个县市区域中XY（MOE 27）、BL（MOE 37）风险最高，农村（MOE 46）风险高于城市（MOE 73），女性（MOE 49）风险高于男性（MOE 55），6～11岁人群（MOE 41～25）风险＞12～14岁人群风险（MOE 70～37）＞15岁以上人群风险（MOE 85～44）。广西玉林市居民通过小作坊花生油摄入AFB1潜在健康风险较高，应该引起较高的公共卫生关注度。 The dietary exposure and risk of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in peanut oil of small workshops in Yulin City, Guangxi Province was assessed and some requirements were put forward. According to regions, genders, urban and rural and ages/urban and rural/genders were divided into groups. Combined with the B dietary pattern data of Guangxi residents, the exposure amount in the Point Estimate Model and the MOE by BMDL10 400 ng/(kg·d) were calculated. The results showed that the detection rate of AFB1 in peanut oil of small workshops in Yulin, Guangxi was 59% and the exceeding standard rate was 18.6%. The content range of AFB1 was between 0.05 μg/kg to 243.00 μg/kg. The average content was 16.91 μg/kg, which was significantly higher than that of the packaging peanut oil (P<0.01).The average exposure amount of AFB1 in the peanut oil of small workshops in the city was 7.76 ng/(kg·d) and the MOE was 52. The average daily dietary exposure MOE of each group was between 200 to 25. According to the MOE of each group, it was found that the risk of XY (MOE 27) and BL (MOE 37) in six counties and cities were the highest; villages (MOE 46) > cities (MOE 73); women (MOE 49) > men (MOE 55); the residents at the age between 6 and 11 (MOE 41-25) > the residents at the age between 12 and 14 (MOE 70-37) > the residents over the age of 15 (MOE 85-44). There was potentially high health risk for the intake of AFB1 from the peanut oil of small workshops in the city. It should attract the great public health attention.