Reactions of Spanish-Valencia, Virginia bunch, and runner peanut varieties and strains to wet and dry growing periods were studied during three growing seasons, 1959 to 1962, in the western part of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. During the three wet seasons Spanish—Valencia peanuts made better use of excess moisture at high temperatures than did the other two groups. Virginia bunch and runner varieties and strains reacted similarly and rather uniformly within each group during these three growing periods. Excess moisture influenced the development of these two groups negatively. During the dry seasons the productivity of Spanish-Valencia peanuts was below that of the other two groups when the planting date was early enough to avoid extreme conditions. The Virginia bunch peanuts maintained their wet-season growing pattern in the dry seasons of 1960 and 1961 with a slight yield advantage for the dry season crops. This peanut group was less affected by either moisture or temperature unless very low rainfall and temperatures exceeded the adaptability of this group. This was demonstrated by experiments made during the dry season of 1962. The runner peanuts fell into two groups on the basis of the dry season experiments, one group reacting like Spanish—Valencia peanuts, the other like Virginia bunch peanuts. Genetical background and a higher sensitivity to temperature differences were suggested as the main causes for this reaction pattern.

"Sweet corn is grown commercially in more than 30 states. Growers have two outlets for their product -- processing plants and the fresh market. Requirements for growing high-yielding, high-quality crops for both outlets are practically the same."--Page 1.

Dry aggregates were separated from the "latossolo roxo" and red-yellow podzolic-ortho soil to find out the effect of the size on the growing of aerial parts and on the development of the root system of the corn plant, grown in pots. It was noted that the size of aggregates of the two soils presented great differences concerning the development of corn plants. In the "latossolo roxo" the < 1.0 mm size class was the most appropriated for the plant growing and development of the root system. In the red-yellow podzolic-ortho soil, the best conditions for growing were presented by the size class 4.0 to 2.0 and 2.0 to 1.0 mm in diameter. The variation for the growing of the aerial part and the root system might be attributed to the physical nature of the soil. The intensive digging up of the red-yellow podzolic soil seems to have an unfavorable effect on the development of the root system of the corn plants. | Agregados das classes de tamanho 7-4, 4-2, 2-1 e < 1 mm, dos solos latossolo roxo e podzólico vermelho amarelo-orto, foram colocados em vasos de vegetação, para permitir a observação do crescimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular do milho naqueles diferentes tamanhos de agregados. Verificou-se que o comportamento das plantas foi diferente num e noutro solo. No latossolo roxo, a classe de tamanho de agregados mais conveniente para o crescimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular foi a < 1 mm; no podzólico vermelho amarelo o maior desenvolvimento da planta se deu nas classes de tamanho 4-2 e 2-1 mm. A causa da variação do crescimento das partes aéreas e do sistema radicular parece estar ligada ao comportamento fisico do solo. Assim, para os podzólicos vermelho amarelo-orto a pulverização do solo antes do cultivo provocaria uma compactação excessiva, dificultando o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular; o latossolo roxo não apresentaria êsse inconveniente, possibilitando um trabalho mais intenso da terra para o cultivo.

The detailed data for runoff analysis were assembled from nearly all erosion plot studies in the United States. Individual study averages of runoff from cropped plots have ranged from 3% to 36% of total precipitation, from 1 to 14 inches annually. Analyses indicted factor relations valuable for predicting water yields from cropland areas. Improved soil and crop management reduced average plot runoff about 40%. An inverse, curvilinear relation of runoff from growing and maturing corn (Zea mays L.) to crop yield was highly significant. At moderate fertility level, runoff reduction by contour tillage averaged slightly more than 15%. Under natural field conditions, runoff from row crops averaged a 10% increase for each additional percent slope. The relationship is expressed by: log W = 0.521 + .041s, where W is inches runoff and s is percent slope. Slope effect decreases as the surface becomes smooth and approaches zero for dense meadow or saturated soils. Effect of slope length on annual runoff was usually insignificant, but some transmission losses in the growing season and acquisitions in the dormant season were indicated. For 35 fallow soils with sand contents ranging from 4% to 66%, runoff was inversely proportional to organic matter content but was little affected by differences in particle size distribution.