Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites that occur mainly in the Brassicaceae plants, which are desirable compounds in human foods due to their diverse biological activities. In this study, we developed an integrated data filtering and identification strategy to characterize the GSLs. An in-depth GSLs profiling was performed on 25 commonly Brassicaceae tissues in Jinan, China. By comparison with the reference standards and previous researches, we tentatively identified 47 GSLs including 8 unknown ones. The GSLs profiles of 25 Brassicaceae tissues were established, and 11 markers of GSLs could be used to distinguish the Brassica and Raphanus. This approach enables accurately characterization the GSLs of Brassicaceae tissues, and demonstrates the potential of GSLs profiles for Brassicaceae species discrimination.

Here we present a revised species checklist for the Brassicaceae updated from Warwick SI, Francis, A, Al-Shehbaz IA (2006), Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-ROM, Plant Systematics and Evolution 259: 249─25. This update of the checklist was initiated on the basis of recent taxonomic and molecular studies on the Brassicaceae that have resulted in new species names, combinations and associated synonyms.New data has been added indicating tribal affiliations within the family and where type specimens have been designated. In addition, information from many early publications has been checked and added to the database. The database now includes information on 14,983 taxa, 4,636 of which are currently accepted and divided into 340 genera and 52 tribes. A selected bibliography of recent publications on the Brassicaceae is included.

Here we present a revised species checklist for the Brassicaceae, updated from Warwick SI, Francis, A, Al-Shehbaz IA (2006), Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-ROM, Plant Systematics and Evolution 259: 249─25. This update of the checklist was initiated, based on recent taxonomic and molecular studies on the Brassicaceae that have resulted in new species names, combinations and associated synonyms. New data have been added indicating tribal affiliations within the family and where type specimens have been designated. In addition, information from many early publications has been checked and added to the database. The database now includes information on 14983 taxa, 4636 of which are currently accepted and divided into 340 genera and 52 tribes. A selected bibliography of recent publications on the Brassicaceae is included.

Leaf samples from five Brassicaceae species (Brassica carinata, Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Eruca vesicaria and Sinapis alba) were analyzed to determine their contents of glucosinolates and trace elements, and the bioaccessibility of these compounds. Considerable variability in the total contents and glucosinolate profiles was observed in the Brassicaceae species, with the total amounts ranging from 8.5 µmol/g dw in Brassica oleracea to 32.9 µmol/g dw in Sinapis alba. Bioaccessibilities of the predominant glucosinolates were moderate, ranging from 13.1% for glucoraphanin to 43.2% for gluconapin, which is particularly relevant as they have been implicated in a variety of anti-carcinogenic mechanisms. Trace element concentrations were: Se (28–160 µg/Kg dw); Cr (0.31–4.03 µg/g dw); Ni (0.19–1.53 µg/g dw); Fe (8.6–18.8 µg/g dw); Zn (20.8–41.5 µg/g dw); Ca (6.2–15.2 mg/g dw). Brassicaceae leaves were also moderate dietary sources of Se, Ni, Zn and Ca. | This research was funded by the Project “Metabolitos secundarios en Brassicaceae. Implicaciones en la mejora genética y defensa a estreses” Ref. RTI2018-096591-B-I00 (AEI/FEDER, UE), and AGL2015-66256-C2-1-R (MINECO/FEDER, UE).

The YABBY gene family is one of the plant transcription factors present in all seed plants. The family members were extensively studied in various plants and shown to play important roles in plant growth and development, such as the polarity establishment in lateral organs, the formation and development of leaves and flowers, and the response to internal plant hormone and external environmental stress signals. In this study, a total of 364 YABBY genes were identified from 37 Brassicaceae genomes, of which 15 were incomplete due to sequence gaps, and nine were imperfect (missing C2C2 zinc-finger or YABBY domain) due to sequence mutations. Phylogenetic analyses resolved these YABBY genes into six compact clades except for a YAB3-like gene identified in Aethionema arabicum. Seventeen Brassicaceae species each contained a complete set of six basic YABBY genes (i.e., 1 FIL, 1 YAB2, 1 YAB3, 1 YAB5, 1 INO and 1 CRC), while 20 others each contained a variable number of YABBY genes (5–25) caused mainly by whole-genome duplication/triplication followed by gene losses, and occasionally by tandem duplications. The fate of duplicate YABBY genes changed considerably according to plant species, as well as to YABBY gene type. These YABBY genes were shown to be syntenically conserved across most of the Brassicaceae species, but their functions might be considerably diverged between species, as well as between paralogous copies, as demonstrated by the promoter and expression analysis of YABBY genes in two Brassica species (B. rapa and B. oleracea). Our study provides valuable insights for understanding the evolutionary story of YABBY genes in Brassicaceae and for further functional characterization of each YABBY gene across the Brassicaceae species.

Abstract Background B-box (BBX) genes play important roles in plant growth regulation and responses to abiotic stresses. The plant growth and yield production of allotetraploid rapeseed is usually hindered by diverse nutrient stresses. However, no systematic analysis of Brassicaceae BBXs and the roles of BBXs in the regulation of nutrient stress responses have not been identified and characterized previously. Results In this study, a total of 536 BBXs were identified from nine brassicaceae species, including 32 AtBBXs, 66 BnaBBXs, 41 BoBBXs, 43 BrBBXs, 26 CrBBXs, 81 CsBBXs, 52 BnBBXs, 93 BjBBXs, and 102 BcBBXs. Syntenic analysis showed that great differences in the gene number of Brassicaceae BBXs might be caused by genome duplication. The BBXs were respectively divided into five subclasses according to their phylogenetic relationships and conserved domains, indicating their diversified functions. Promoter cis-element analysis showed that BBXs probably participated in diverse stress responses. Protein-protein interactions between BnaBBXs indicated their functions in flower induction. The expression profiles of BnaBBXs were investigated in rapeseed plants under boron deficiency, boron toxicity, nitrate limitation, phosphate shortage, potassium starvation, ammonium excess, cadmium toxicity, and salt stress conditions using RNA-seq data. The results showed that different BnaBBXs showed differential transcriptional responses to nutrient stresses, and some of them were simultaneously responsive to diverse nutrient stresses. Conclusions Taken together, the findings investigated in this study provided rich resources for studying Brassicaceae BBX gene family and enriched potential clues in the genetic improvement of crop stress resistance.

The <i>YABBY</i> gene family is one of the plant transcription factors present in all seed plants. The family members were extensively studied in various plants and shown to play important roles in plant growth and development, such as the polarity establishment in lateral organs, the formation and development of leaves and flowers, and the response to internal plant hormone and external environmental stress signals. In this study, a total of 364 <i>YABBY</i> genes were identified from 37 Brassicaceae genomes, of which 15 were incomplete due to sequence gaps, and nine were imperfect (missing C2C2 zinc-finger or YABBY domain) due to sequence mutations. Phylogenetic analyses resolved these <i>YABBY</i> genes into six compact clades except for a <i>YAB3</i>-like gene identified in <i>Aethionema arabicum</i>. Seventeen Brassicaceae species each contained a complete set of six basic <i>YABBY genes</i> (i.e., 1 <i>FIL</i>, 1 <i>YAB</i>2, 1 <i>YAB3</i>, 1 <i>YAB5</i>, 1 <i>INO</i> and 1 <i>CRC</i>), while 20 others each contained a variable number of <i>YABBY</i> genes (5–25) caused mainly by whole-genome duplication/triplication followed by gene losses, and occasionally by tandem duplications. The fate of duplicate <i>YABBY</i> genes changed considerably according to plant species, as well as to <i>YABBY</i> gene type. These <i>YABBY</i> genes were shown to be syntenically conserved across most of the Brassicaceae species, but their functions might be considerably diverged between species, as well as between paralogous copies, as demonstrated by the promoter and expression analysis of <i>YABBY</i> genes in two <i>Brassica</i> species (<i>B. rapa</i> and <i>B. oleracea</i>). Our study provides valuable insights for understanding the evolutionary story of <i>YABBY</i> genes in Brassicaceae and for further functional characterization of each <i>YABBY</i> gene across the Brassicaceae species.

Aethionema arabicum is an important model plant for Brassicaceae trait evolution, particularly of seed (development, regulation, germination, dormancy) and fruit (development, dehiscence mechanisms) characters. Its genome assembly was recently improved but the gene annotation was not updated. Here, we improved the Ae. arabicum gene annotation using 294 RNA‐seq libraries and 136 307 full‐length PacBio Iso‐seq transcripts, increasing BUSCO completeness by 11.6% and featuring 5606 additional genes. Analysis of orthologs showed a lower number of genes in Ae. arabicum than in other Brassicaceae, which could be partially explained by loss of homeologs derived from the At‐α polyploidization event and by a lower occurrence of tandem duplications after divergence of Aethionema from the other Brassicaceae. Benchmarking of MADS‐box genes identified orthologs of FUL and AGL79 not found in previous versions. Analysis of full‐length transcripts related to ABA‐mediated seed dormancy discovered a conserved isoform of PIF6‐β and antisense transcripts in ABI3 , ABI4 and DOG1 , among other cases found of different alternative splicing between Turkey and Cyprus ecotypes. The presented data allow alternative splicing mining and proposition of numerous hypotheses to research evolution and functional genomics. Annotation data and sequences are available at the Ae . arabicum DB ( https://plantcode.online.uni‐marburg.de/aetar_db ). | Significance Statement Improved gene annotation of Aethionema arabicum using long‐read transcript sequencing provides a plethora of full‐length isoforms and an important resource for Brassicaceae evolution studies.

Black leg (caused by Plenodomus lingam and P. biglobosus) and chlorotic leaf spot (caused by Pyrenopeziza brassicae) are economically important fungal diseases of Brassicaceae crops. Surveys of seed fields and weed hosts were conducted to understand the distribution and prevalence of these diseases in Oregon after black leg and chlorotic leaf spot outbreaks occurred in Brassicaceae crops in 2014. Postharvest black leg ratings were conducted in seed fields of canola, forage rape, and turnip in 2015 and 2016. The incidence of black leg was greater for turnip (51%) than for canola (29%) and forage rape (25%). The overall average disease incidence was greater for seed crops harvested in 2015 (46%) than for crops harvested in 2016 (28%). A disease survey of wild Brassicaceae plants was conducted along Interstate 5 in Oregon. Brassicaceae weed population sites were identified and 40 sites were sampled for these diseases. Black leg and chlorotic leaf spot were present in 60 and 45%, respectively, of the sampled sites. Both species of Plenodomus were detected in weed populations, with P. lingam being the predominant species recovered (95%). The northernmost sample site with black leg was <32 km from the Oregon–Washington border, and the southernmost site with black leg was within 32 km of the Oregon–California border. Chlorotic leaf spot was detected <32 km from the Oregon–Washington border, whereas the southernmost site where it was detected was approximately 164 km from the Oregon–California border. Based on this study, infected crop residues and weed hosts may facilitate the persistence and spread of these pathogens.

Plants produce a variety of floral specialized (secondary) metabolites with roles in several physiological functions, including light-protection, attraction of pollinators, and protection against herbivores. Pigments and volatiles synthesized in the petal have been focused on and characterized as major chemical factors influencing pollination. Recent advances in plant metabolomics have revealed that the major floral specialized metabolites found in land plant species are hydroxycinnamates, phenolamides, and flavonoids albeit these are present in various quantities and encompass diverse chemical structures in different species. Here, we analyzed numerous floral specialized metabolites in 20 different Brassicaceae genotypes encompassing both different species and in the case of crop species different cultivars including self-compatible (SC) and self-incompatible (SI) species by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Of the 228 metabolites detected in flowers among 20 Brassicaceae species, 15 metabolite peaks including one phenylacyl-flavonoids and five phenolamides were detected and annotated as key metabolites to distinguish SC and SI plant species, respectively. Our results provide a family-wide metabolic framework and delineate signatures for compatible and incompatible genotypes thereby providing insight into evolutionary aspects of floral metabolism in Brassicaceae species.