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Detection, risk assessment, and containment of quarantine pest
2011
Cayabyab, B.F.
The survey showed that quarantine officers take care of the prevention of the entry of exotic pest through vigilance in reviewing legal documents of incoming plant and plant products and monitoring/detection and control when needed. Fumigation, cold treatment, burning/destruction or sending back the consignment to its country of origin are the present exotic pest management practices. Indigenous pests are also their concern especially the containment or prevention of the spread of new pests such as rice bugs, mango pulp weevil and others. As such they monitor vessels like ships, bancas, trucks and other vehicles that come from areas infested with new pest. The survey also revealed the following additional needs: Rest information and communication technology, updating of pest detection techniques, pest specimen for quick reference, strengthening of pest identification capability risk assessment know how and management options both for exotics, and new record of indigenous pest and pest outbreaks of exotic that have gained entry such as L. huidobrensis on white potato and L. trifolii on onion. Accomplishments for the last twelve months were presented and discussed.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]A suite of simple models to support quantitative assessment of spread and impact in pest risk analysis – concepts and applications Texto completo
2011
Robinet, Christelle | Kehlenbeck, Hella | van der Werf, Wopke
A suite of simple models to support quantitative assessment of spread and impact in pest risk analysis – concepts and applications Texto completo
2011
Robinet, Christelle | Kehlenbeck, Hella | van der Werf, Wopke
An assessment of the likelihood and extent of spread is an integral part of a pest risk analysis for quarantine measures. However, few tools - if any - are available to risk assessors to make an assessment of the spread as a dynamic process in space at the continental scale. Within the frame of the EU project PRATIQUE, we explored avenues for spread modelling and link models of spread to maps of host distribution, climate, and potential economic impacts.Five models for spread were considered: (1) logistic temporal increase of the invaded area following a point introduction; (2) radial range expansion at a constant rate following a point introduction; (3) logistic temporal increase of pest density following a blanket introduction of the invasive alien all across the area of potential establishment in Europe; (4) spatio-temporal population growth and dispersal model constructed by combining local logistic population growth of model 3 with propagule dispersal according to a flexible spatial probability model.These models are generic and simple, to enable rapid parameterization with limited data, enabling scenario analyses in the context of rapid appraisals of pest risk. We developed the models considering Europe as the PRA area. Different models enable alternative assumptions and points of view of the risk assessor to be entered into the assessment process. All models consider the fundamental niche of the invasive species, based on climate suitability and presence of hosts. None of the models is considered a priori better than alternatives. The suite of models provides a more complete picture of invasion consequences than any single model would do.Case studies are provided to illustrate the parameterization process and highlight comparative strengths and weaknesses of the five models. A formal test of model performance against invasion data has not yet been conducted here, but is proposed as a valuable objective for future research. We engage with the community of pest risk assessors in Europe to help risk assessors develop familiarity with the new tools and collect user feedback for identifying future development needs.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]A suite of simple models to support quantitative assessment of spread and impact in pest risk analysis – concepts and applications Texto completo
2011
Robinet , Christelle (INRA , Ardon (France). UR 0633 Unité de Recherche Zoologie Forestière) | Kehlenbeck , Hella (Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Kleinmachnow(Allemagne). Institute for National and International Plant health) | van der Werf , Wopke (Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen(Pays-Bas). Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis)
An assessment of the likelihood and extent of spread is an integral part of a pest risk analysis for quarantine measures. However, few tools - if any - are available to risk assessors to make an assessment of the spread as a dynamic process in space at the continental scale. Within the frame of the EU project PRATIQUE, we explored avenues for spread modelling and link models of spread to maps of host distribution, climate, and potential economic impacts.Five models for spread were considered: (1) logistic temporal increase of the invaded area following a point introduction; (2) radial range expansion at a constant rate following a point introduction; (3) logistic temporal increase of pest density following a blanket introduction of the invasive alien all across the area of potential establishment in Europe; (4) spatio-temporal population growth and dispersal model constructed by combining local logistic population growth of model 3 with propagule dispersal according to a flexible spatial probability model.These models are generic and simple, to enable rapid parameterization with limited data, enabling scenario analyses in the context of rapid appraisals of pest risk. We developed the models considering Europe as the PRA area. Different models enable alternative assumptions and points of view of the risk assessor to be entered into the assessment process. All models consider the fundamental niche of the invasive species, based on climate suitability and presence of hosts. None of the models is considered a priori better than alternatives. The suite of models provides a more complete picture of invasion consequences than any single model would do.Case studies are provided to illustrate the parameterization process and highlight comparative strengths and weaknesses of the five models. A formal test of model performance against invasion data has not yet been conducted here, but is proposed as a valuable objective for future research. We engage with the community of pest risk assessors in Europe to help risk assessors develop familiarity with the new tools and collect user feedback for identifying future development needs.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]A suite of simple models to support quantitative assessment of spread and impact in pest risk analysis
2011
van der Werf, W. | Robinet, C. | Kehlenbeck, H.
Samenvatting van de sessie 'a suite of simple models to support quantitative assessment of spread and impact in pest risk analysis' op de KNPV-voorjaarsvergadering, 8 juni 2011.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]A suite of simple models to support quantitative assessment of spread and impact in pest risk analysis
2011
van der Werf, W. | Robinet, C. | Kehlenbeck, H.
Samenvatting van de sessie 'a suite of simple models to support quantitative assessment of spread and impact in pest risk analysis' op de KNPV-voorjaarsvergadering, 8 juni 2011.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Recorded and potential alien invertebrate pests in Finnish agriculture and horticulture Texto completo
2011
Vänninen, Irene | Worner, Susan | Huusela-Veistola, Erja | Tuovinen, Tuomo | Nissinen, Anne | Saikkonen, Kari
Recorded and potential alien invertebrate pests in Finnish agriculture and horticulture Texto completo
2011
Vänninen, Irene | Worner, Susan | Huusela-Veistola, Erja | Tuovinen, Tuomo | Nissinen, Anne | Saikkonen, Kari
It is assumed that climate change will promote pest invasions and their establishment in new regions. We have updated the list of current alien invertebrate pest species in Finland and produced a list of potential new alien pests using a self-organizing map (SOM) that ranks species in terms of their risk of entry into Finland. The 76 pest species recorded included 66 insects, 5 nematodes, 2 mites and 3 slugs. Nearly half of the alien species appeared to have invaded Finland during the last 48 years. The SOM analysis is considered a viable tool for identification of potentially high-risk invasive pests from among the multitude of potential alien invaders, and represents a useful complement to local expert knowledge-based risk assessment of potentially invasive pests. Along with the comparisons with databases of current and potential pest species, SOM analysis suggests that in the changing climate, the habitats at greatest risk from exotic pests in Finland are horticultural: orchards, ornamental hardy-nursery stocks, landscape and ornamental tree nurseries, and greenhouses.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Recorded and potential alien invertebrate pests in Finnish agriculture and horticulture Texto completo
2011 | 2012
Vänninen, Irene | Worner, Susan | Huusela-Veistola, Erja | Tuovinen, Tuomo | Nissinen, Anne | Saikkonen, Kari | Maa- ja elintarviketalouden tutkimuskeskus (MTT) / KTL Kasvintuotannon tutkimus / Jokioinen (KTJ) | Maa- ja elintarviketalouden tutkimuskeskus (MTT) / KTL Kasvintuotannon tutkimus / Jokioinen (KTJ) | Maa- ja elintarviketalouden tutkimuskeskus (MTT) / KTL Kasvintuotannon tutkimus / Jokioinen (KTJ) | Maa- ja elintarviketalouden tutkimuskeskus (MTT) / KTL Kasvintuotannon tutkimus / Jokioinen (KTJ) | Maa- ja elintarviketalouden tutkimuskeskus (MTT) / KTL Kasvintuotannon tutkimus / Jokioinen (KTJ)
Ilmastonmuutokset arvioidaan edistävät kasvintuhoojien leviämistä ja kotoutumista uusille maantieteellisille alueille. Tässä julkaisussa on päivitetty lista Suomessa vuoteen 2010 mennessä tavatuista vierasperäisistä selkärangattomista kasvintuhoojista sekä tuotettu ennusteet Suomesta vielä puuttuvien vierasperäisten tuhohyönteislajien kotoutumisriskin suuruudelle käyttäen neuroverkkomallinnukseen perustuvaa self-organizing map (SOM) -menetelmää ja materiaalina maailmanlaajuista tuhohyönteistietokantaa. Suomessa jo tavattuja vieras- ja tulokaskasvintuhoojalajeja on 77, joista 67 on hyönteisiä, viisi ankeroisia, kaksi punkkeja ja kolme kotiloita. Lähes puolet listan lajeista on saapunut Suomeen viimeisten 48 vuoden aikana. Ennustetut riski-indeksit vierasta alkuperää oleville kasvintuhoojahyönteisille olivat korkeita Suomeen jo saapuneille lajeille. Tämä viittaa siihen, että SOM-menetelmä on käyttökelpoinen väline rajaamaan sitä lajistoa, jonka Suomeen saapumista ja kotoutumista on syytä erityisesti seurata. Menetelmä soveltuu hyvin täydentämään asiantuntijatietoon pohjautuvia riskinarviointeja vieras- ja tulokaslajien kotoutumismahdollisuuksista Suomeen. SOM-analyysin ennusteet viittaavat siihen, että ilmaston vähitellen muuttuessa uusien kasvintuhoojien kotoutumisriski on suurin puutarhatuotannossa (hedelmätarhat, taimitarhat, puistopuut, kasvihuoneet). | It is assumed that climate change will promote pest invasions and their establishment in new regions. We have updated the list of current alien invertebrate pest species in Finland and produced a list of potential new alien pests using a self-organizing map (SOM) that ranks species in terms of their risk of entry into Finland. The 76 pest species recorded included 66 insects, 5 nematodes, 2 mites and 3 slugs. Nearly half of the alien species appeared to have invaded Finland during the last 48 years. The SOM analysis is considered a viable tool for identification of potentially high-risk invasive pests from among the multitude of potential alien invaders, and represents a useful complement to local expert knowledge-based risk assessment of potentially invasive pests. Along with the comparisons with databases of current and potential pest species, SOM analysis suggests that in the changing climate, the habitats at greatest risk from exotic pests in Finland are horticultural: orchards, ornamental hardy-nursery stocks, landscape and ornamental tree nurseries, and greenhouses. | v | 2011 | ok | puj pka puj puj pka ksu | Havaitut ja ennustetut selkärangattomat vieraslajiset kasvintuhoojat Suomen maa- ja puutarhataloudessa
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Pest risk analysis for Solanum elaeagnifolium and international management measures proposed Texto completo
2011
Brunel, S.
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav., originating from the Americas, has been unintentionally introduced in all the other continents as a contaminant of commodities, and is considered one of the most invasive plants worldwide. In the Euro-Mediterranean area, it is a huge threat in North African countries. It is also present in European Mediterranean countries (France, Greece, Italy and Spain), but still has a limited distribution. Through a logical sequence of questions, pest risk analysis (PRA) assessed the probability of S. elaeagnifolium entering, establishing, spreading and having negative impacts in European and Mediterranean countries. As this assessment revealed that the entry of the pest would result in an unacceptable risk, pest risk management options were selected to prevent the introduction of the plant. Preventive measures on plants or plant products traded internationally may directly or indirectly affect international trade. According to international treaties, PRA is a technical justification of such international preventive measures.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Naar Fytopia; Heroverweging van het fytosanitair beleid met behulp van een bestuurskundig kader
2011
Bremmer, J. | Slobbe, R.B.
Het fytosanitair beleid kan hervormd worden door te toetsen of ondernemers invasieve plantenziekten en -plagen willen én kunnen beheersen. Besmetting van plantaardige producten met invasieve plantenziekten leidt tot welvaartverlies door marktfalen. Marktfalen komt door het optreden van externe effecten en informatie-asymmetrie in de markt voor plantaardige producten. De overheid is verantwoordelijk voor het corrigeren van dit marktfalen als publieke belangen in het geding zijn. Zij kan daarbij meer dan nu gebeurt gebruik maken van ondernemers. Of dit mogelijk is, hangt af van drie factoren die getoetst worden in een bestuurskundig kader: 1. Zijn de ondernemers op de hoogte van de risico's die gepaard gaan met de handel in plantaardige producten?; 2. Hebben zij belang bij het verminderen van het risico?; 3. Zijn zij in staat het risico te verminderen? Wanneer deze drie vragen met ja beantwoord worden, kan de overheid meer verantwoordelijkheid bij het bedrijfsleven leggen.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Determination of pesticide residues in Turkey’s table grapes: the effect of integrated pest management, organic farming, and conventional farming Texto completo
2011
Turgut, Cafer | Ornek, Hakan | Cutright, Teresa J.
Turkey is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of table grapes. Growing social concerns over excessive pesticide use have led to farming to move from conventional to organic practices. Table grapes were collected from 99 different farms in three Aegean regions. Pesticide residues were only detected in farms using conventional agriculture practices while no pesticides were detected in grapes from farms using organic or integrated pest management. A risk assessment model indicated that lambda-cyhalothrin posed the most significant risk at conventional farms.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Predicting invasion success of forest pathogenic fungi from species traits Texto completo
2011
Philibert, Aurore, A. | Desprez Loustau, Marie Laure, M. L. | Fabre, Bénédicte | Frey, Pascal | Halkett, Fabien | Husson, Claude, C. | Lung-Escarmant, Brigitte, Lung | Marçais, Benoit | Robin, Cécile, C. | Vacher, Corinne, C. | Makowski, David | Agronomie ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB) | Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | This work was funded by the European PRATIQUE project (7th Framework Programme) and the French ANR EMERFUNDIS project. We thank D. Piou (Departement Sante des Forets) and Anne-Sophie Roy (EPPO) for providing data and T. Giraud, I. Sache and other participants of the Pratique and Emerfundis projects for interesting discussions. We thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the manuscript and Julie Sappa for English editing.
1. Biological invasions are a major consequence of globalization and pose a significant threat to biodiversity. Because only a small fraction of introduced species become invasive, identification of those species most likely to become invasive after introduction is highly desirable to focus management efforts. The predictive potential of species-specific traits has been much investigated in plants and animals. However, despite the importance of fungi as a biological group and the potentially severe effects of pathogenic fungi on agrosystems and natural ecosystems, the specific identification of traits correlated with the invasion success of fungi has not been attempted previously. 2. We addressed this question by constructing an ad hoc data set including invasive and non-invasive species of forest pathogenic fungi introduced into Europe. Data were analysed with a machine learning method based on classification trees (Random Forest). The performance of the classification rule based on species traits was compared with that of several random decision rules, and the principal trait predictors associated with invasive species were identified. 3. Invasion success was more accurately predicted by the classification rule including biological traits than by random decision rules. The effect of species traits was maintained when confounding variables linked to residence time and habitat availability were included. The selected traits were unlikely to be affected by a phylogenetic bias as invasive and non-invasive species were evenly distributed in fungal clades. 4. The species-level predictors identified as useful for distinguishing between invasive and non-invasive species were traits related to long-distance dispersal, sexual reproduction (in addition to asexual reproduction), spore shape and size, number of cells in spores, optimal temperature for growth and parasitic specialization (host range and infected organs). 5. Synthesis and applications. This study demonstrates that some species-level traits are predictors of invasion success for forest pathogenic fungi in Europe. These traits could be used to refine current pest risk assessment (PRA) schemes. Our results suggest that current schemes, which are mostly based on sequential questionnaires, could be improved by taking into account trait interactions or combinations. More generally, our results confirm the interest of machine learning methods, such as Random Forest, for species classification in ecology.
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