The phenotype testing of highly selected boars was studied. Two groups, each of 30 boars, were tested centrally at stations for growth rate and ultrasonically measured fat thickness. According to test points, made up of a combination of these two traits, the 5 best boars, 5 average boars and the 5 poorest boars where selected for progeny evaluation. In all 26 boars and 441 progeny were tested. The progeny evaluation showed that ultrasonic measurement of the fat thickness of the boars gave a very reliable estimate of the meatiness of their progeny. Those boars, as a group, giving the poorest carcass quality could be distinguished with statistical reliability from the other groups. The correlations between sires and progeny were significant for both daily gain (period 20—88 kg) and feed efficiency. The importance of rate of growth and feed efficiency has been neglected in selection for breeding as the test points used for the selection of boars depended almost entirely on fat thickness. More than 30 % of both boars and progeny boars suffered from some form of difficulty in walking. 13 % of the boars were eliminated because of leg faults. Leg faults in progeny were mainly inherited or caused through injury. A phenotype evaluation of progeny boars accounts much more effectively for the variation in their carcass value than does a full barrow sib evaluation alone. For best results, a progeny boar phenotype evaluation should be combined with a full barrow sib evaluation.

Cultivar responses to environments for test weight, 1000 kernel weight, wheat mineral, and mixing tune were determined for seven commercially grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in 57 Uniform Regional Spring Wheat Nurseries (URSWN) from 1964 through 1967. The analysis was not applicable to small and large kernel sizes or to dough characteristics because of nonlinear responses to environments. We determined that four minimum standard check cultivars were needed to evaluate wheat for most environments from the 1964 to 1967 data. These minimum standard check cultivars were then used for 1968 and 1969 URSWN data, with a weighted evaluation score for each trait, to evaluate 10 strains and cultivars. This new minimum standard method appeared to offer the following main advantages over the present procedure used to evaluate potential varieties: 1) it considers the responses of check cultivars to environments; 2) it places quality evaluations on a minimal standard base for a comparison among breeding lines; 3) it provides a statistical test of the mean minimum evaluation scores; and 4) if economic weights of each quality trait were available, it would indicate economic worth of a selection to industry.

With the aid of a dynamic programming model in Markov chains, this paper presents an economic analysis of irrigation with saline water. Results provide guides to optimal irrigation policy. Estimates of the value of water quality in irrigation are derived, and possible applications in water resource development decisions are discussed.

Locally-selected and imported sweet orange cultivars grown at Asuansi, Bunso and Aiyinasi-Nzima were sampled in March and September, 1966-1968, to study the effects of environment and rootstock types on the internal quality. There was no significant influence on juice quantity by stocks and sampling seasons, but orange-type and tangelo stocks produced less juice than Rough lemon. A marked enviroment-stock interaction influenced total soluble solids (TSS). Sampling seasons affected TSS in locally-selected cultivars. TSS % were generally low in all locations. There was no clear pattern as to the effect of lemon-type and orange-type stocks on acid content of orange juice. Acid content was affected by the environment, particularly soil type. Fruits low in both TSS and acid and considered insipid by European standards had been found not only on Rough lemon but also on Cleopatra mandarin, Sampson tangelo and Agege. Excepting fruits from Aiyinasi, all were of acceptable palatability to the Mrican palate. TSS % of 6'0 and acid content of 0'6 are suggested as the threshold for maturity standards. Rootstocks seemed to have some influence on the TSS/acid ratio. Vitamin C was influenced by stock-environment interaction and is quite comparable to reported values from other countries. Swedru, hitherto considered as sweet orange, was characterize as sweeet lime.

Abstract: Substantial numbers of individuals in the world are short of both dietary energy and dietary protein. The effective use of proteins and the world food supply are the subject of papers of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (1972). The principal objectives of the meeting were to review existing knowledge of world protein sources in relation to human requirements, to discuss factors affecting protein utilization in the body, to assess critically the usefulness in human nutrition of methods used for the evaluation of protein quality, and to consider the role of the food scientist and technologist in the development and use of new protein foods.