The insectory, a small wooden building.

A portable light trap set up beside a wire fence in the grass.

"Apple varieties notes based on observations recorded by the writer H.P. Gould, during the years 1922 to 1931 on specimens sent from the orchard to the Division of Fruits and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, or its antecedent pomological component unit where studies were made. Observations were recorded on but very few varieties for the entire 10-year period; more often they were limited to not over 4 to 6 seasons, or even a smaller number of years in many cases ... The numbers given for descriptions and paintings are the Pomology numbers under which the varieties illustrated were recorded in the Pomology Journal of Receipt (housed in the National Archives)."

In timothy breeding, which is a comparatively new phase of experimental agronomy, standard methods have yet to be worked out and adopted. Several methods which have recently been developed for making comparative quantitative studies of different selections or varieties of timothy are described in this paper.Through the use of certain definitions which describe timothy plants in different stages of bloom and maturity, it has been possible to obtain accurate records of the time when the plants of different selections or varieties of timothy are in bloom and mature. A system of counting the number of leaves with partially or entirely green blades has been developed, by which the relative numbers of green leaves, per unit of area, on different dates in broadcast plats of different kinds of timothy, can be accurately determined. By measuring the longest stem of each plant growing in cultivated row plats of different selections or varieties of timothy, it is possible to obtain data which show not only the relative lengths of the stems of the plants in the different plats, but which also show the relative degree of uniformity in the lengths of the stems of plants in the plats in which measurements are made.

cum laude graduation (with distinction) | Within the wild cane, Saccharum spontaneum, 56 bivalent chromosomes are found in a regular division of pollen mother cells, indicating a somatic chromosome number 112. | Several well known varieties of sugar-cane, S. officinarum, appeared to have 40 chromosomes in the haploid phase and 80 in the somatic phase. But in these canes, meiosis was often seriously disturbed, reducing the fertility. This was also so with the very thin Indian canes Chunnee and Ruckree 11, having 90-91 chromosomes somatically. | In relation to the reduced fertility of S. officinarum, it was remarkable that hybrids between S. officinarum (n = 40) and S. spontaneum (n ~ 56) were very fertile, since usually hybrids between species with different chromosome numbers are partly fertile or totally sterile. However the hybrids between the above species did not have 40 + 56 = 96 chromosomes, but 40 + 40 + 56 = 136 chromosomes. This was also so for Kassoer, a similar interspecific hybrid found wild, that was especially used for hybridization with S. officinarum.. | Cytological research of Kassoer and the hybrids from crosses of S. officinarum with S. spontaneum demonstrated that 68 bivalents could be counted in the metaphase of reduction division. | The doubling of the S. officinarum chromosomes from 40 to 80 is probably due to longitudinal splitting of the S. officinarum chromosomes during fertilization in the zygote, thus providing (2 x 40) + 56 = 136 chromosomes.

The results show that, in 1921, there was increased yield in the outside and middle border rows for the winter wheat varieties where the alleys were not cropped and for the spring grains separated by alleys cropped to winter wheat. The effect on the inside border rows (the third from the outside of the plots) was nil for the winter wheat and slight for the spring wheat. Cropping the alleys between the plots of spring grains to winter wheat reduced border effect so that it was not plainly evident at any time before grain was harvested. This reduction is reflected in the relatively lower yields of the outside border rows of spring wheat, expressed in percent based on the yields from the central rows, as compared with the results secured in 1918 and 1917. For the oat and barley varieties, this reduction in border effect is not apparent from the yields of the outside rows expressed in percentages of the central rows because the fact that there was unavoidable loss of grain in harvesting the lodged central rows with the binder. This resulted in yields lower than they should be from the central rows and consequently higher percentages for the outside rows based on the yields from the central rows. The three-year average yields of the outside rows of oats, spring wheat and barley expressed in percent based on the yields of the central rows is 199.8 and that of the middle border rows (inside rows in 1917) is 138.0. Results secured in 1917 with Kubanka wheat, under dryer conditions, were 182.4 percent for the outside and 127.7 percent for the second rows based on the yields of the six central rows. All portions of the plots were harvested by hand. The effect did not extend to the third rows in the plots. The uncropped alleys varied from 16 inches to 38 inches and one was a cultivated roadway several feet in width. There appears to be some correlation between width of alley and amount of border effect but the number of determinations was to small to give conclusive results. The amount of increase in yield in the border rows in this trial is very similar to the three-year average under Minnesota conditions. The yields of the outside and inside border rows in the variety plots separated by alleys were in almost every instance considerably higher than the yields from the central rows. Where variety or rate of seeding plots have been planted without the intervention of alleys, border rows have given yields both considerably above and below the yields for the central rows. This point is brought out in work reported from Nebraska. Although no statement is made regarding the plan of the plots in the variety and rate of seeding trials, it is assumed that there were no alleys between these plots. Therefore, the plants in contiguous plots came into direct competition and both higher and lower yields resulted in the border rows as compared with the yields from the central rows. Available data emphasize the necessity of considering border effect seriously in variety and rate of seeding trials, both when no alleys intervene and when the plots are separated by cropped or uncropped alleys. The results for the varieties separated by alleys in plots without and with border rows removed for a three-year period, show that the removal of the outside border row from either side of each plot reduced yields approximately 10 percent and when two border rows were removed from either side of each plot the yields were reduced approximately 17 percent. When the border effect extended to the third row (inside border row) it was relatively unimportant. That border effect in plots separated by uncropped alleys does make a different interpretation of results necessary in some instances has been shown. In 1921, the third year that work of this kind was carried on, one variety was moved from below to above the discard point for the year by the removal of border rows. The fact that on each of the three years, one or more varieties or rates of seeding was moved from o