Resident birds were censused in seven plots in Costa Rica ranging from 0 to 6 months dry season and from sea level to 2,380 m in elevation. Included were one highland and two lowland sites that were dominated by one or two species of trees. All stands were tall, undisturbed forests, but some were surrounded by agricultural land. The number of species of birds recorded was not measurably affected by the tree species diversity or the length of the dry season. However, a larger proportion (about 90%) of the total forest species known to occur in the region as a whole was found in the drier areas, whereas only about 50% were recorded in the wetter areas. This suggests that "between—habitat" diversity" may be greater in the areas with less severe dry seasons. The highland sites and markedly fewer species than the lowland sites, and a greater percentage of the species foraged by moving actively than was the case in the lowland sites. The large number of tropical lowland forest species that hunt by sitting and waiting for prey to move can probably be attributed to lack of wind, larger leaf size, larger biomass and higher recruitment rates of insects, more large nocturnal insects and more arboreal reptiles and amphibians. Many species of birds were limited to narrow vertical ranges in the forests, but the great increase in numbers of species in the tropics is only in small part accounted for by finer vertical subdivision of the forest. The greatest contribution is made by the addition of species with no temperate counterparts, suggesting that the greater range of resource types permanently above threshold values in tropical forests is the major cause of increased bird species diversity.

Studies on the native species P. aurantia, P. herbertiana and P. cinnabarina showed that they all have 2n= 12 and are diploids with the six bivalents normally paired at metaphase I of meiosis.

Statistics from twice-weekly harvesting of 4, 6 and 10 papaw trees in plots of 2-, 3- and 4-year-old trees in a continuous 4-year crop cycle showed that tree number and its interaction with treatments were not significant.

Social research survey of the labor force employability of recipients of aid to families with dependent children (AFDC) in the USA, within the framework of the work incentive program for the relief of unemployment - covers taxation benefits, family benefits and other social assistance, vocational training facilities, etc., and includes relevant aspects of social policy concerning unemployed heads of family (incl. Women). References and statistical tables.

The study was concerned with the problem of decreasing county 4-H enrollment in Tennessee. Twenty-one independent variables concerning the characteristics of Tennessee's county 4-H Extension programs and five dependent variables concerning total 4-H enrollment were studied. The independent variables were classified under the headings of 4-H leadership, organization, participation, place of 4-H member residence, potential number of 4-H members, and number of Extension staff members. The purpose was to identify the association between the selected variables concerning county 4-H programs and the total 4-H enrollment in the Tennessee counties. Another purpose was to determine which variable, within each group of 4-H Extension program variables, accounted for the highest percent of variation in the number of 4-H members enrolled per county. It was found that total 4-H enrollment in the ninety-five Tennessee counties was directly related to each of the following variables: total number of adult 4-H leaders, total number of junior 4-H club leaders, total number of basic four organizations, total number of 4-H all stars, total number of honor club members, total number of senior 4-H clubs, total number of junior 4-H clubs, total number of 4-H clubs, average number of senior 4-H members per senior club, total number of senior 4-H district winners, total number of 4-H members participating in 4-H judging and in 4-H camp, total number of full-t ime Extension staff equivalents responsible for 4-H work, and total number of Extension staff members per county. The variables, within each group of county 4-H program variables, which accounted for the largest percents of variation in total county 4-H enrollment were: total number of junior 4-H leaders (50 percent), total number of 4-H clubs per county (60 percent), total number of 4-H members per county participating in 4-H camp (31 percent), total number of 4-H members per county residing on farm (55 percent), total number of full-time Extension staff equivalents per county (54 percent). Variables under potential number of 4-H members were not significantly related with enrollment. It was implied that 4-H enrollment in Tennessee counties might tend to increase if either the number of 4-H leaders, number of 4-H clubs, number of members participating in 4-H events and activities, and/or the number of full-time Extension staff equivalents responsible for 4-H work were increased. Implications for program emphasis were made.