The paper deals with the determination of the number of sapwood annual rings in oak (Quercus sp.) in relation to altitude, locality and stand age. Several different groups of samples were used from two localities of southern Moravia. The results of the study demonstrate the effects of site water regime and age on the growth of sapwood annual rings. On the other hand, the effect of altitude was not proved. The information can be of crucial importance for the dendrochronological dating of an incomplete sample for particular regions where sapwood is partly or totally missing.

The objective of the investigation was to observe the effect of selected plants on the development of the population of soil microbes in rhizosphere of these plants. Specialattention was paid to microflora of the domestic plants valued as animal fodder and also of great ecological importance in the removal of toxic substances from the environment, e.g. Sida hermaphrodita, Helianthus tuberosus, Konopianka osier, and American osier. Soil samples for microbiological analyses were collected from the rhizosphere and fallow soil in 2003, three times during the vegetation season. The analyses included determination of the total number of bacteria and fungi as well as the number of amylolitic, lipolytic, proteolitic, and ammonification bacteria and were conducted using dilution plate method. The number of cellulolitic and nitrifying bacteria was determined on the basis of the titre. Their most probable number was taken from Mc Crady tables. The content of ammonium nitrogen was determined by the nesslerisation method, nitrate nitrogen by the brucine method, and the respiration activity measured by the amount of liberated CO2 by Rühling method. Soil reaction was also determined potentiometrically (pH in KCl). Monthly and annual mean values for precipitation, temperature, and relative air humidity in the year of the research have also been presented in the paper. According to the findings, the papilionaceous plants used in the experiment acidified the soil environment, which favoured the development of filamentous fungi. These plants also provided suitable conditions for the development of proteolitic, ammonification, amylolitic, and lipolitic bacteria as well as for the increase of the total number of the bacteria. The greatest amount of liberated CO2 was stated under the aforementioned plants as well as in the rhizosphere of American osier. Both species of osier and Helianthus tuberosus, stimulated the development of cellulolitic bacteria, and American osier stimulated the development

The objective of the investigation was to observe the effect of selected plants on the development of the population of soil microbes in rhizosphere of these plants. Specialattention was paid to microflora of the domestic plants valued as animal fodder and also of great ecological importance in the removal of toxic substances from the environment, e.g. Sida hermaphrodita, Helianthus tuberosus, Konopianka osier, and American osier. Soil samples for microbiological analyses were collected from the rhizosphere and fallow soil in 2003, three times during the vegetation season. The analyses included determination of the total number of bacteria and fungi as well as the number of amylolitic, lipolytic, proteolitic, and ammonification bacteria and were conducted using dilution plate method. The number of cellulolitic and nitrifying bacteria was determined on the basis of the titre. Their most probable number was taken from Mc Crady tables. The content of ammonium nitrogen was determined by the nesslerisation method, nitrate nitrogen by the brucine method, and the respiration activity measured by the amount of liberated CO2 by Rühling method. Soil reaction was also determined potentiometrically (pH in KCl). Monthly and annual mean values for precipitation, temperature, and relative air humidity in the year of the research have also been presented in the paper. According to the findings, the papilionaceous plants used in the experiment acidified the soil environment, which favoured the development of filamentous fungi. These plants also provided suitable conditions for the development of proteolitic, ammonification, amylolitic, and lipolitic bacteria as well as for the increase of the total number of the bacteria. The greatest amount of liberated CO2 was stated under the aforementioned plants as well as in the rhizosphere of American osier. Both species of osier and Helianthus tuberosus, stimulated the development of cellulolitic bacteria, and American osier stimulated the development | The objective of the investigation was to observe the effect of selected plants on the development of the population of soil microbes in rhizosphere of these plants. Specialattention was paid to microflora of the domestic plants valued as animal fodder and also of great ecological importance in the removal of toxic substances from the environment, e.g. Sida hermaphrodita, Helianthus tuberosus, Konopianka osier, and American osier. Soil samples for microbiological analyses were collected from the rhizosphere and fallow soil in 2003, three times during the vegetation season. The analyses included determination of the total number of bacteria and fungi as well as the number of amylolitic, lipolytic, proteolitic, and ammonification bacteria and were conducted using dilution plate method. The number of cellulolitic and nitrifying bacteria was determined on the basis of the titre. Their most probable number was taken from Mc Crady tables. The content of ammonium nitrogen was determined by the nesslerisation method, nitrate nitrogen by the brucine method, and the respiration activity measured by the amount of liberated CO2 by Rühling method. Soil reaction was also determined potentiometrically (pH in KCl). Monthly and annual mean values for precipitation, temperature, and relative air humidity in the year of the research have also been presented in the paper. According to the findings, the papilionaceous plants used in the experiment acidified the soil environment, which favoured the development of filamentous fungi. These plants also provided suitable conditions for the development of proteolitic, ammonification, amylolitic, and lipolitic bacteria as well as for the increase of the total number of the bacteria. The greatest amount of liberated CO2 was stated under the aforementioned plants as well as in the rhizosphere of American osier. Both species of osier and Helianthus tuberosus, stimulated the development of cellulolitic bacteria, and American osier stimulated the development

The methodological approach used for the development of a new food guide for the Portuguese population is discussed. The new food guide, composed of seven groups, was achieved with the assistance of an expert panel, using existing international recommendations and nutrient composition tables. A range of recommended food portions was established for the groups of fats and oils; milk and dairy products; meat, fish, seafood, and eggs; pulses; potatoes, cereals, and cereal products; vegetables; and fruits. Posters and leaflets were produced and presented to the media with the support of health authorities and the scientific community. The dissemination materials were freely distributed to institutions and professionals responsible for health promotion.

Hydrolysis of whey protein concentrates (WPCs) was performed using trypsin under different combinations of temperatures and pH values in a total of three experiments, namely experiment A at 37 degrees C and pH 8, experiment B at 37 degrees C and pH 9, and experiment C at 50 degrees C and pH 8. Monitorization of the degradation of native whey proteins and the peptide formation throughout hydrolysis was performed by reverse phase HPLC/UV. Seven main peptides were separated according to their polarity and numbered from T1 to T7. In general a difference was observed between rate of hydrolysis of alpha-lactalbumin and P-lactoglobulin; in the former case hydrolysis was complete by 15 min in experiments B and C and by 120 min in experiment A, whereas in the later case the rate of hydrolysis was much slower. ANOVA analysis, performed to assess whether the average values obtained for the three experiments conducted to statistically different results for each variable (% of P-lactoglobulin degradation and % of peptides T1 to T7), showed significant differences between experiments A and C. However, between A and B and between B and C no significant differences were observed. Principal Component Analysis evidenced the time period at which similarities and/or differences between experiments were observed. Additionally, a mathematical equation for the degradation of P-lactoglobulin as a function of hydrolysis time was established and some peptides were correlated with their parental protein using linear regression analysis.

Contém um relatório de estágio realizado no Centro de Saúde de Valongo e Ermesinde e no Agrupamento de Escolas E.B. 2,3 de Sobreira e ATL de Recarei, Paredes, no âmbito da licenciatura em Ciências da Nutrição pela Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto. O exemplar do relatório de estágio existe apenas em formato papel e está disponível para consulta na Biblioteca da FCNAUP | Tese de licenciatura em Ciências da Nutrição apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto | Resumo da tese: A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade infantil tem vindo a aumentar de forma acelerada em todo o mundo e a prevenção torna-se essencial. Este estudo pretendeu avaliar os efeitos de uma intervenção nutricional de 5 meses na prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, na ingestão alimentar e nos conhecimentos sobre alimentação saudável, em crianças do 3.º ano. Os participantes deste estudo incluìam 114 crianças do 3.º ano. A amostra foi dividida em grupo controlo (n=56) e grupode intervenção (n=58). As crianças do grupo de intervenção assistiram às 16 sessões de Educação alimentar e as crianças obesas ou com sobrepeso desse grupo frequentaram também uma consulta de nutrição. No grupo controlo não se fez qualquer intervenção. Ao fim de 5 meses, verificou-se uma diminuição na prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade no grupo de intervenção de 6,9%, enquanto no grupo controlo a prevalência aumentou 5,3%. No grupo de crianças que frequentou a consulta observou-se uma diminuição no Índice de Massa Corporal (lMC) de (22,6 ± 2,5 Kg/m2 para 21,5 ± 2,9 Kg/m2), ainda que sem significado estatístico. Pelo contrário, o lMC das crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade do grupo controlo aumentou (de 22,2 ± 2,0Kg/m2 para 22,4 ± 2,3Kg/m2). Apenas no grupo de intervenção, a ingestão energética diminuiu com significado estatístico na amostra total (- 286,7 Kcal/dia, p=0,008), e para o sexo masculino (-369,7 Kcal/dia, p=0,016). A ingestão de lípidos e hidratos de carbono também diminui com significado estatístico na amostra total (HC nos 2 sexos /lípidos só no Masculino). Os conhecimentos relativos à alimentação sofreram melhorias significativas no grupo de intervenção. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que a prevenção da obesidade infantil nas escolas é possível e benéfica.

Contém um relatório de estágio realizado no Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal e na Divisão de Educação da Câmara Municipal de Setúbal, no âmbito da licenciatura em Ciências da Nutrição pela Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto. O exemplar do relatório de estágio existe apenas em formato papel e está disponível para consulta na Biblioteca da FCNAUP | Tese de licenciatura em Ciências da Nutrição apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto | Resumo da tese: A avaliação nutricional de crianças de meios sócio-económicos distintos permite conhecer qual a influência deste determinante no seu estado nutricional. O objectivo deste trabalho foi comparar o estado nutricional de crianças provenientes de duas escolas do ensino básico da cidade de Setúbal (Escola Rica versus Escola Pobre), com base no número de alunos subsidiados. Da população inicial de 239 alunos (3% e 4.º anos), foi seleccionada uma amostra de 220 alunos. Foram avaliados através de inquéritos de recordação das 24 horas, avaliação sócio-económica, determinantes de obesidade e antropometria (peso, altura, perímetro da cintura e cálculo do índice de IMC ajustado). A avaliação nutricional baseou-se nos dados de referência do CDC. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas relativamente à prevalência de excesso de peso/obesidade entre as duas escolas, sendo na escola Rica de 31,4% e na Pobre de 16,6%. A prevalência de excesso de peso/obesidade neste estudo, assemelha-se à dos países em vias de desenvolvimento, em que esta É maior em classes sociais mais elevadas. As crianças da escola Pobre, apresentam características dos meios sócio-económicos mais baixos dos países desenvolvidos, no que se refere à ingestão energética e nutricional, actividade física e visualização de televisão. Nos determinantes avaliados, constatou-se que o IMC da mãe, o peso à nascença e o perímetro da cintura têm uma relação positiva forte com o percentil de IMC das criançãs independentemente da escola. Este estudo conclui que a prevalência de excesso de peso/ obesidade infantil ainda é inferior nas classes sócio-económicas mais baixas, em relação às mais elevadas, sendo de todo o interesse acompanhar esta população.

Contém um relatório de estágio realizado na Divisão de Orientação e Apoios Educativos da Direcção-Geral de Inovação e Desenvolvimento Curricular do Ministério da Educação, no âmbito da licenciatura em Ciências da Nutrição pela Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto. O exemplar do relatório de estágio existe apenas em formato papel e está disponível para consulta na Biblioteca da FCNAUP | Tese de licenciatura em Ciências da Nutrição apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto | Resumo da tese: Introdução: O consumo de pequeno-almoço é extremamente importante para o equilíbrio nutricional dos jovens. É um contributo essencial para o desenvolvimento e crescimento saudável dos jovens. Objectivo: Descrever o modelo de consumo de pequeno-almoço dos jovens do 2º e 3º ciclo do ensino público oficial. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado numa amostra com 839 estudantes que frequentam o 2º e 3º ciclo do ensino básico. Foram seleccionadas aleatoriamente 5 turmas de cada uma das 2 escolas escolhidas em cada DRE. Foi aplicada um questionário de auto-administração que inclui questões sobre factores socio-demográficos e a recordação das 24 horas anteriores de consumo de pequeno-almoço. Resultados: A taxa de participação foi de 93,1% dos estudantes escolhidos. Entre rapazes, 87,3% toma pequeno-almoço 5 ou mais vezes por semana, 79,6% das raparigas toma esta refeição com a mesma frequência. Os jovens mais novos têm maior frequência de consumo do pequeno-almoço que os jovens com mais idade. A maioria dos estudantes toma o pequeno-almoço em casa com família. Os alimentos mais consumidos ao pequeno-almoço são: o pão (47,9%), o leite com chocolate (39,4%), o leite branco (32,4%) e os cereais (31,1%). A qualidade do pequeno-almoço consumido pela maioria dos estudantes é razoável. A maioria inclui, também, alimentos sem interesse nutritivo. Há uma relação entre a baixa qualidade de pequeno-almoço com a menor escolaridade dos pais. A qualidade é também menor entre estudantes de zonas não urbanas.

Terrincho cheese is an uncooked, pressed cheese made from raw whole ovine milk from the "Churra da Terra Quente" breed. It requires a minimum ripening time of 30 d. A detailed evaluation of the effect of ripening time on the breakdown of the casein fractions, along with the formation of major breakdown products of casein hydrolysis, was monitored by HPLC to contribute to a more complete characterization of this product. In 30-d-old cheeses, only 20% of alpha(S1)-casein remained intact; the beta-casein fraction was more resistant to hydrolysis. The ripening time of Terrincho cheese can be predicted using 2 variables of normalized peak areas of alpha(S1)-casein and alpha(S1)-I peptide, and a constant; the estimation error is 2.5 d. The pH 4.3-insoluble fraction of Terrincho and cheeses manufactured with bovine milk and with ovine milk combined with 2 levels of bovine milk (10 and 20%) revealed different chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles, especially the alpha(S1)-casein fraction. Similar proteolysis progress was observed, particularly in the percentage of casein fraction degradation. However, using both analytical methods, the detection of 10% bovine milk at 30 d of ripening was no longer possible as result of alpha(S1)-casein hydrolysis. The discriminate analysis applied to HPLC data indicated that at 30 d of ripening, differences between the casein fractions of Terrincho cheese and mixture cheeses were mainly from beta(1)-casein content. The function thus obtained was able to correctly classify all the samples according to cheese type. Using the descriptive sensory profile, Terrincho cheese at 30 d of ripening could be distinguished from bovine and mixture cheeses owing to its higher fracturability and adhesiveness and lower elasticity and hardness, which correlated with its lower total casein content.