This paper presents the results of some morphometric and meristic parameters of sardine, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) from coastal (Virsko more) and open waters (Dugi Otok) of the Zadar area, during the period from March 2004 to February 2005. The total length of all analyzed specimens ranged from 13.0 to 19.0 cm and weights ranged between 16.72 g and 51.45 g, respectively. Body length analyses indicated greater values for sardine females (N=541) than males (N=668) in all observed lengths (LT, LF, LS, LA, LH, OK, LP and BD), except for the eye diameter (ED), where both sexes had equal average value. The length–weight relationship indicated negative allometric growth (b=2.5538, a=0.0261). In length–length relationships, statistical significance occurred in the following relationships: eye diameter in head length (2.78%) and head length in total length (9.01%). For vertebrae analyses, two groups were compared according to their length: the first one obtained specimens smaller than 16.0 cm in total length (LT), whereas samples longer than 16.0 cm belonged to the second group. The number of vertebrae in both groups ranged between 48 and 52 with the most abundant vertebrae class of 50 vertebrae (37.7 %), whereas a minimal number of sardines (4.9 %) had 48 vertebras. A statistically significant difference between the two analyzed groups was not found (t=0.86). The number of rays (RD) in the dorsal fin ranged from 17 to 19 and the average value was 18.11 ± 0.51.

Se da a conocer un nuevo recuento cromosómico para Blechnum hastatum y se presenta un análisis de la ontogenia del leptosporangio en ese taxón y en B. occidentale, así como una comparación con leptosporangios adultos de otras especies y subespecies del género, como B. australe subsp. auriculatum, B. glandulosum y B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum. En relación con la citología de B. hastatum, se contaron 33 bivalentes en diacinesis, lo que indica que se trata de un diploide con un número cromosómico 2n=66, un dato que confrma un recuento previo y ubica al taxón en la secuencia de números cromosómicos básicos conocida para el género, es decir x=33, que es el más frecuente. En el estudio de la ontogenia de los esporangios se comprobó que se forman a partir de iniciales que se encuentran sobre la comisura y sobre la base del indusio; que desarrollan un pedicelo formado por células cortas en tres hileras en B. hastatum, la condición aparentemente más común registrada para el género, y células largas, también en tres hileras, en B. occidentale. Los pedicelos alcanzan su máximo desarrollo antes de que la cápsula llegue a la etapa adulta. Los estomios tienen 6-8 células, las de la abertura engrosadas en forma de labio. Los anillos son verticales de hasta 14 células engrosadas en B. australe subsp. auriculatum y B. glandulosum, hasta 18 en B. hastatum y hasta 21 en B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum y B. occidentale, llegan hasta la base misma de las cápsulas y el número de células engrosadas aparece como un carácter diagnóstico nuevo en el género.<br>A new chromosome count on Blechnum hastatum, together with the study of the ontogeny and development of the leptosporangia of this taxon, and of B. occidentale is carried out here. Adult leptosporangia of other taxa of the genus Blechnum, such as those of B. australe subsp. auriculatum, B. glandulosum and B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum are also compared. In relation with the cytology of B. hastatum, 33 bivalents at diakinesis were counted, indicating that it is a diploid with a chromosome number 2n=66, which coincides with a previous count, and also places the taxon in the sequence of basic chromosome numbers known for the genus, ie x=33, which seems to be the most frequent. The ontogeny of the leptosporangia was studied for the frst time in B. hastatum and B. occidentale. The sporangia initiate from a single initial epidermal cell, which may belong to the commissural area or to the indusia; they develop a long pedicel with three rows of long or short cells, short cells being the most common condition found in B. hastatum, while long cells were seen in B. occidentale. The pedicels are at their maximum length before the capsule ripens. The stomium usually bears no more than 6-8 cells in all species, with a labiate aperture. The capsules have an indurated vertical annulus, that reach the base of the capsule, and have up to 14 cells in B. australe subsp. auriculatum and B. glandulosum, up to 18 in B. hastatum and up to 21 in B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum and B. occidentale; the number of indurate cells may be a new useful diagnostic trait in the genus.

Se da a conocer un nuevo recuento cromosómico para Blechnum hastatum y se presenta un análisis de la ontogenia del leptosporangio en ese taxón y en B. occidentale, así como una comparación con leptosporangios adultos de otras especies y subespecies del género, como B. australe subsp. auriculatum, B. glandulosum y B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum. En relación con la citología de B. hastatum, se contaron 33 bivalentes en diacinesis, lo que indica que se trata de un diploide con un número cromosómico 2n=66, un dato que confrma un recuento previo y ubica al taxón en la secuencia de números cromosómicos básicos conocida para el género, es decir x=33, que es el más frecuente. En el estudio de la ontogenia de los esporangios se comprobó que se forman a partir de iniciales que se encuentran sobre la comisura y sobre la base del indusio; que desarrollan un pedicelo formado por células cortas en tres hileras en B. hastatum, la condición aparentemente más común registrada para el género, y células largas, también en tres hileras, en B. occidentale. Los pedicelos alcanzan su máximo desarrollo antes de que la cápsula llegue a la etapa adulta. Los estomios tienen 6-8 células, las de la abertura engrosadas en forma de labio. Los anillos son verticales de hasta 14 células engrosadas en B. australe subsp. auriculatum y B. glandulosum, hasta 18 en B. hastatum y hasta 21 en B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum y B. occidentale, llegan hasta la base misma de las cápsulas y el número de células engrosadas aparece como un carácter diagnóstico nuevo en el género. | A new chromosome count on Blechnum hastatum, together with the study of the ontogeny and development of the leptosporangia of this taxon, and of B. occidentale is carried out here. Adult leptosporangia of other taxa of the genus Blechnum, such as those of B. australe subsp. auriculatum, B. glandulosum and B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum are also compared. In relation with the cytology of B. hastatum, 33 bivalents at diakinesis were counted, indicating that it is a diploid with a chromosome number 2n=66, which coincides with a previous count, and also places the taxon in the sequence of basic chromosome numbers known for the genus, ie x=33, which seems to be the most frequent. The ontogeny of the leptosporangia was studied for the frst time in B. hastatum and B. occidentale. The sporangia initiate from a single initial epidermal cell, which may belong to the commissural area or to the indusia; they develop a long pedicel with three rows of long or short cells, short cells being the most common condition found in B. hastatum, while long cells were seen in B. occidentale. The pedicels are at their maximum length before the capsule ripens. The stomium usually bears no more than 6-8 cells in all species, with a labiate aperture. The capsules have an indurated vertical annulus, that reach the base of the capsule, and have up to 14 cells in B. australe subsp. auriculatum and B. glandulosum, up to 18 in B. hastatum and up to 21 in B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum and B. occidentale; the number of indurate cells may be a new useful diagnostic trait in the genus.

Polska charakteryzuje się znacznym potencjałem ziemi rolniczej, biorąc pod uwagę areał użytków rolnych oraz udział w produkcji rolnej UE. Struktura agrarna charakteryzuje się dużym rozdrobnieniem i zróżnicowaniem regionalnym. Przeważają gospodarstwa o wielkości ekonomicznej 0-2 ESU. Najwięcej tych gospodarstw znajduje się w województwach śląskim, podkarpackim i małopolskim. Warunkiem zwiększenia konkurencyjności polskiego rolnictwa jest poprawa struktury agrarnej, zmniejszenie zatrudnienia oraz zwiększenie wydajności pracy. Tempo procesów koncentracji użytkowanej rolniczo ziemi będzie zależeć od sytuacji na rynku ziemi oraz oddziaływania czynników o charakterze społecznym i demograficznym. Strategia wspólnej polityki rolnej UE przewiduje wspieranie i rozwój gospodarstw rodzinnych, które spełniają warunki zrównoważonego rozwoju, zabezpieczają bioróżnorodność i aktywizację obszarów wiejskich. | Poland has considerable resources of agricultural land taking into account the area of arable land and share in agricultural production of the European Union. The structure of farmholdings differs in regions of the country, from small in the southern part to large in the northern parts. In Poland, the enlargement of farm size is a main precondition of higher labour productivity, growth of farm income and improvement of the Polish agricultural competitiveness. The strategy of Rural Areas Development and Agriculture for 2007-2013 predicts supporting and strengthening of family farms, which fulfil criteria of sustainable development and increase biodiversity of agroecosystems.

Poland has considerable resources of agricultural land taking into account the area of arable land and share in agricultural production of the European Union. The structure of farmholdings differs in regions of the country, from small in the southern part to large in&nbsp; the northern parts. In Poland, the enlargement of farm size is a main precondition of higher labour productivity,&nbsp;&nbsp; growth of farm income and improvement of the Polish agricultural competitiveness. The strategy of Rural Areas Development and Agriculture for 2007–2013 predicts supporting and strengthening of family farms, which fulfil criteria of sustainable development and increase biodiversity of agroecosystems.&nbsp; | Polska charakteryzuje się znacznym potencjałem ziemi rolniczej, biorąc pod uwagę areał użytków rolnych oraz udział w produkcji rolnej UE. Struktura agrarna charakteryzuje się dużym rozdrobnieniem i zróżnicowaniem regionalnym. Przeważają gospodarstwa o wielkości ekonomicznej 0–2 ESU. Najwięcej tych gospodarstw znajduje się w województwach śląskim, podkarpackim i małopolskim. Warunkiem zwiększenia konkurencyjności polskiego rolnictwa jest poprawa struktury agrarnej, zmniejszenie zatrudnienia oraz zwiększenie wydajności pracy. Tempo procesów koncentracji użytkowanej rolniczo ziemi będzie zależeć od sytuacji na rynku ziemi oraz oddziaływania czynników o charakterze społecznym i demograficznym. Strategia wspólnej polityki rolnej UE przewiduje wspieranie i rozwój gospodarstw rodzinnych, które spełniają warunki zrównoważonego rozwoju, zabezpieczają bioróżnorodność i aktywizację obszarów wiejskich.

[resumo] | [abstract]

Contém um relatório de estágio curricular realizado na Universidade Federal de Paraíba, Brasil (Unidade de Saúde da Família -Cristo Rei, Mangabeira l, Cidade de João Pessoa Paraíba, no Restaurante Universitário e no Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley da Universidade Federal da Paraíba), no âmbito da licenciatura em Ciências da Nutrição pela Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto. O exemplar do relatório de estágio existe apenas em formato papel e está disponível para consulta na Biblioteca da FCNAUP | Tese de licenciatura em Ciências da Nutrição apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto | Resumo da tese: A Doença Renal Crónica (DRC), problema de saúde pública mundial, está a ocorrer com o aumento da morbilidade e mortalidade. A importância da terapêutica nutricional no tratamento de doentes com DRC é reconhecida há várias décadas. Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar estudos publicados recentemente sobre as necessidades do doente com DRC, para subsidiar, com maior segurança as recomendações dietéticas, principalmente de proteína, macronutriente de maior controvérsia quando à sua recomendação. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura publicada entre Janeiro de 2007 e Maio de 2010. A estratégia de busca foi desenvolvida no PubMed, no endereço da National Kidney Foundation (NKF) e em cinco livros sobre nutrição. Para além disso, pesquisou-se sobre as aplicações práticas das recomendações nutricionais para doentes com DRC realizadas pelos estudantes e profissionais nutricionistas no HULW da UFPB. A estratégia de busca original resultou na inclusão de 17 artigos no estudo, dois livros e um guia. Na pesquisa da componente prática dietética actual para doentes com DRC foi encontrado uma lista de alimentos selecionados de acordo com o controlo de proteína, sódio, fósforo e potássio, como também uma ficha para cálculo. Nos doentes com DRC geralmente ocorrem síndromes de desnutrição muscular, desnutrição e inflamação, sendo denominados de Desnutrição Proteico-Energética. As directrizes para os doentes renais crónicos de proteína varia de acordo com a Taxa de Filtração Glomerular (TFG) e de acordo com a terapêutica substitutiva da função renal. As recomendações de micronutrientes dependem essencialmente dos valores séricos dos nutrientes. | Thesis abstract: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a public health problem worldwide, is occurring with increased morbidity and mortality. The importance of nutritional therapy in the treatment of patients with CKD is recognized for several decades. This study aimed to examine recently published studies on the needs of the patient with CKD to subsidize, with better security, dietary recommendations, especially protein, macronutrient more controversy about the recommendation. We conducted a review of the literature published between January 2007 and May 2010. The search strategy was developed in PubMed, the address of the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and five books on nutrition. Additionally, surveyed about the practical applications of nutritional recommendations for patients with CKD performed by students and professional nutritionists in HULW from UFPB. The original search strategy resulted in the inclusion of 17 articles in the study, two books and a guide. In the research component of the current dietary practice for patients with CKD was found a list of foods selected according to the control of protein, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, as well as a bookmark for calculation. In patients with CKD usually occur muscular syndromes of malnutrition, malnutrition and inflammation, being called protein-energy wasting (PEW). The guidelines for CKD protein varies according to the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and in accordance with the replacement therapy of renal function. The recommendations of micronutrients depend primarily on blood levels of nutrients.

Abstract: The amount of fat in human body composition relative to total body weight (%BF) is considered a determinant factor to a healthier and longer life. In this paper a neural network approach, that overcomes some of the current limitations of assessing %BF through skinfold thickness measurement with calliper devices, is presented. Neural networks recognised capabilities in modelling nonlinear problems can provide a valuable tool to deal with the inherent nonlinear behaviour of body tissues. The approach was tested on a sample of elder individuals, men and women, showing better performance when compared with two available alternative methodologies.

[Resumo] | [Abstract]