This study aims to determine the effect of wood species and the number of layers of veneer against laminated veneer properties. Wood species consist of sengon, pine, and mixed pine sengon. Laminated veener made by a number of layers consist of 4, 6, and 8 layers. The difference of a number of layers was to identify quality of laminated veneer. The adhesive used is urea formaldehyde (UF) liquid. The results showed that the average moisture content of 10.76%, density of 0.54 g/cm3, delamination 5.8%, MOE 124.108 kg/cm2, and MOR 450.74 kg/cm2. The moisture content and delamination made all meet the Indonesian National Standard. Statistically, wood species were a significant effect on moisture content, density, MOE, and MOR, while various of layers were a significant effect on moisture content, density, delamination, MOE, and MOR. The number of layer’s laminated veneer made higher of water content, density, delamination, and MOR.

Introduction and objective A large number of colonies of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>SM</i>) and <i>Lactobacillus</i> (<i>LB</i>) cariogenic bacteria in the saliva show a high risk of dental caries development. Cotinine is a biomarker of exposure to the tobacco smoke. The aim of the study was assessment of the number of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> in the saliva of non-smokers and smokers considering the duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked daily. The number of <i>SM</i> and <i>LB</i> was analysed in relation to the frequency of oral health check-ups. Material and Methods The investigated group comprised 124 people aged 20–54. 58 (46.8%) reported cigarette smoking; 66 (53.2%) reported they had never smoked cigarettes and had never attempted to smoke. Cotinine concentration in the saliva was assayed using the Cotinine test (Calbiotech), and the number of <i>SM</i> and <i>LB</i> with the use of the CRT bacteria test (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Statistical analysis was conducted using Chi² and Mann-Whitney tests. Test values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results No essential correlation was stated between the number of <i>SM</i> and <i>LB</i> and the status of smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked daily and duration of cigarette smoking. Smokers who reported having dental check-ups at least once a year significantly more frequently had a small number of <i>LB</i> stated in relation to people who had dental check-ups to control their oral health less frequently than once a year. Conclusions The number of <i>SM</i> and <i>LB</i> in saliva does not depend on the smoking status, the number of cigarettes smoked daily and duration of smoking.

This study aims to determine the effect of wood species and the number of layers of veneer against laminated veneer properties. Wood species consist of sengon, pine, and mixed pine sengon. Laminated veener made by a number of layers consist of 4, 6, and 8 layers. The difference of a number of layers was to identify quality of laminated veneer. The adhesive used is urea formaldehyde (UF) liquid. The results showed that the average moisture content of 10.76%, density of 0.54 g/cm3, delamination 5.8%, MOE 124.108 kg/cm2, and MOR 450.74 kg/cm2. The moisture content and delamination made all meet the Indonesian National Standard. Statistically, wood species were a significant effect on moisture content, density, MOE, and MOR, while various of layers were a significant effect on moisture content, density, delamination, MOE, and MOR. The number of layer’s laminated veneer made higher of water content, density, delamination, and MOR.

Achieved consideration of long-term dynamics of populations of productivity indicators of the main commercial demersal fish Baltic - Eastern Baltic cod Gadus morhua callaris, Western Baltic cod Gadus morhua morhua, a river Pleuronectes flesus and plaice Platessa platessa. Compiled and analyzed data on the survival of eggs on the spawning grounds, the number of juveniles, spawning stock biomass and catches for the different areas. On the basis of the use of correlation and regression methods established regional characteristics influence a number of environmental factors on the performance of bottom fish populations. The role of the fishing impact on the population concerned

The work presents the results of observations to the spawning migration of spawners of herring-black-backed shad in the Delta of the Volga River in 2010–2014. The article gives the assessment of the effectiveness of spawning of this species. It is estimated the quantity of spawners of the species at age 3 and 4 years old from the spawning stock and it is carried out a comparison with fishery stock. Thus, the most authentic estimations are obtained from species of 4 years old, because not all individuals of 3 years old g to the spawning. According to the obtained data it is estimated the coefficient of the entry into the fishery of individuals from 3 to 4 years old. According to the number of generations it is estimated the coefficient of the fishery return on the equation of regression. The calculations have shown that the coefficient of the fishery return is higher with a small (in number) generation. The analysis of a spawning stock of the herring-black-backed shad for 5 yeas (2010–2014) evidences about the fact, that the coefficient of the fishery return 0,02, used in estimations of number of the species to the feature, is not justified. The calculations of the coefficient values of the entry into the fishery of individuals of 3 and 4 yeas old, make up 60% of the spawning stock, have shown that in comparison with the previously accepted values they are reduced in 2,5–3,6 times

The genetic control of differences between Fagopyrum esculentum and F. homotropicum has been studied on a number of features that are significant for breeding (1000 seed weight, number of vegetative nodes on main stem, winged/non-winged seeds). A wild species carries dominant minus-alleles at loci controlling the variation in weight of 1000 seeds. Interspecies difference in the number of vegetative nodes on stem was inherited additively. The gene, the dominant allele of which determines the winged seeds, is linked to the locus D (DET) which mutation determines the determinate growth habit. New approaches have been tested to accelerate selection in population of interspecific hybrids. Indeterminant hybrids were sown in the field with a high seeding rate (3 million seeds per hectare) and were harvested in time which is optimal for medium-ripening buckwheat varieties. Any selection was not carried out to maximally preserve the genetic diversity of the hybrids. The manipulations during three generations allowed to significantly increase the share of the earlier (4-5 vegetative nodes) morphotypes. Determinant interspecific hybrids were drilled in the field in a mixture with seeds of the indeterminant variety Molva. Strong competition with taller indeterminant plants in conditions of dense cenosis ensured the culling of the least competitive genotypes; the presence of a morphological marker (determinate type of growth) made it possible to remove indeterminant hybrids with the Molva variety from the population. The next stage was the sowing of the progenies and selecting plants with pin flowers (which progenies are only from cross-pollination) in order to avoid inbreeding depression and for recombination of favorable alleles. Three cycles of such selection allowed not only to significantly reduce both the potential of branching of plants and the duration of their vegetation, but also to increase the height of plants and the number of inflorescences on shoots up to the level of variety Dikul

Для селекции очень важно создание экспрессных методов точной идентификации главных физиолого-генетических систем, повышающих урожайность в данной конкретной среде, а не генетическая характеристика количественного признака, которая обязательно изменится в другой среде. Индексы широко работают в селекционных технологиях. Однако их использование требует тщательного анализа их информативности на фоне разных лимитирующих факторов внешней среды. Проведённые исследования в Кемеровском НИИСХ – филиале СФНЦА РАН на селекционных линиях яровой мягкой пшеницы показали, что при оценке на продуктивность, во взаимосвязи «генотип-среда», наибольшая информативность получена при оценке в совокупности по трём индексам: мексиканский – Мх, канадский – Ki, линейной плотности колоса – ЛПК. Корреляционным анализом выявлены достоверные взаимосвязи между урожайностью селекционных линий яровой мягкой пшеницы и Мх, Ki, ЛПК, r = 0,5677-0,7193. По совокупной оценке индексов: Мх, Ki, ЛПК выделено три наиболее продуктивные линии: 3046, 3059, и 3064 с урожайностью достоверно превышающей сорт стандарт на 24,1-29,2%.

The article presents the data of studies for the natural reproduction of roach Rutilus rutilus caspicus, bream Abramis brama, carp Cyprinus carpio, pike perch Stizostedion lucioperca, silver bream Blicca bjoekna, Prussian carp Carassius auratus gibelio, perch Perca fluvialitis, red-eye Scardinius erythrophtalmus and zope Abramis ballerus . There is number comparison of yang fishes in different periods . The work presents terms and considers the conditions of a spawning of spawners of these fish species . The article analysis the conditions of fattening of theirs fish juveniles and changes of its total number on the spawning grounds in the lower reaches of the Volga River at different water content of floods in 2011–2015 . It is shown that only in 2013 the conditions of the natural reproduction of the natural reproduction were corresponded to the requirements of the fishery to the object of spring floods in the Delta of the Volga River . The result of this was an extremely low yield of roach, and in recent years — bream . In conditions of low water content and reducing of flood period and fattening of fish juveniles, the size-weight indicators of all juveniles are become worse, the number of fishes is reduces, that at the end have an impact on the value of theirs breed . The adverse conditions for the reproduction of fishes, which are formed in the period under review, have negatively effect on the effectiveness of their reproduction . The lowest number of all fluvial anadromous and river fishes as well as perch, crucian carp and zope was noted in 2015 .

The data on the spatial distribution, the biological condition and the number of crabs in one of the new fishing grounds for the Russian Federation, subdistrict 61 .52 Central part of the Sea of Okhotsk, are presented . The following crab species were registered in the crab traps in the explored region: Lithodes aequispinus, L. couesi, Paralomis multispina, P. verrilli, Chionoecetes angulatus and Ch. opilio. Main crab aggregations were referred to two sites — northern (300–1000m depth) and southern (swell of Institute of Oceanology at about 1000m depth) . From the variety of species only Lithodes aequispinus formed dense aggregations and is recommended for commercial fishing . Chionoecetes opilio stock in the area of «polygon» can also recruit the resource base of commercial fishing . Deep-water species (Chionoecetes angulatus, Lithodes couesi, Paralomis verrilli and Paralomis multispina) formed low-density agglomerations in the area examined . High level of invasion with B. callosus (19 .3%) was registered in Lithodes aequispinus

Одним из основополагающих факторов повышения эффективности оленеводства является обеспечение достоверного статистического учета. От возможности проведения достоверного учета в оленеводстве напрямую зависит эффективность государственной поддержки и управления в оленеводстве, проведение ветеринарно-профилактических мероприятий, обеспечение реализации прав коренных малочисленных народов Севера на ведение традиционного образа жизни. В статье дан анализ некоторых актуальных проблем правового обеспечения достоверности учета в оленеводстве. Сформулированы основные направления совершенствования действующего законодательства, направленного на повышение эффективности учета в оленеводстве.